Objective To investigate the effects of substance P (SP) pretreatment on the expression of β1-adrenoreceptor(β1-R) induced by norepinephrine (NE) in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyecytes.Methods The cardiomyocytes obtained from 1-3 day old SD rats were cultured for 72 h.The experiment was performed in 2 parts.In part 1 the cells were seeded in 15 well plate and randomly divided into 5 groups (n=3 wells each):control group (C1)and 4 NE groups were exposed to NE 10-9, 10-8,10-7,10-6 mol/L respectively (NE1,2,3,4).In part Ⅱ the.cells were seeded in 12 well plate and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=3 wells each): group I control (C2): group II NE 10-7 tool/L; group Ⅲ (SN)was pretreated with SP 10-6 mol/L 30 minbefore NE 10-7 mol/L and group IV (NSN)was treated with NK-1 receptor antagonist (NK-1 tachykinin receptor antagonist,S3144) 30 min before SP pretreatment.After exposure to NE for 3 h the expression of β1-R in the rat cardiomyecytes was detected using flow cytometry.Results In part Ⅰ the expression of β1-R was significantly higher in group NE1-3 than in control group (C1),with the highest expression in group NF3.In part Ⅱ the expression of β1-R was significantly higher in group Ⅱ (NE) than in control group (C2) while lower in group Ⅲ (SN) than in control group Ⅱ.(NE).There was no significant difference in the expression of β1-R between group Ⅰ (C2) and group Ⅲ and Ⅳ (NSN).Conclusion Substance P pretreatment can inhibit the up-regulation of β1-R expression in cultured rat cardiomyocytes induced by norepinephrine through activating NK-1 receptor.

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between estrogen receptor (ER) and Bcl-2 in cervical can-cer and precancerous lesions. Methods:ER and Bcl-2 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 20 non-tumor tissues, 30 low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias, 70 high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias, and 80 cervical cancers. Results:The positive rate of ER was 75%in non-tumor tissues;this rate decreased with disease severity (χ2=24.266, P<0.01). The overexpression of ER protein was remarkably lower in cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) Ⅱ-Ⅲ and carcinomas than in non-tumorous cervices. Differences were not significant between CINⅠand non-tumorous cervices (χ2=0.751, P=0.386). Furthermore, ER expression was not correlated with histological type and tumor grade. The positive rate of Bcl-2 was 75.38%in squamous cell carcinoma. This rate increased with dis-ease severity (χ2=27.715, P<0.01). The Bcl-2 protein overexpression was remarkably higher in CINⅠ, CINⅡ-Ⅲ, and carcinomas than in non-tumorous cervices. Bcl-2 expression was also not correlated with histological type (P=0.500);by comparison, Bcl-2 expression was correlated with tumor pathological grade (χ2=4.862, P=0.027). The co-expression of ER and Bcl-2 was 38.57%and 15.38%in CINⅡ-Ⅲand squamous cell carcinoma, respectively;the differences between these two values were significant (χ2=9.108, P=0.003). A cor-relation between ER and Bcl-2 was observed in CINⅡ-Ⅲ(r=0.506, P<0.01);no correlation was observed between other groups. Con-clusion: ER expression was inversely correlated with Bcl-2 in cervical cancer progression. The co-expression of these markers may have an important function in the course of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Objective Objective To explore the nursing experiments of using health education for spontaneous pneumatothorax patients who have treated by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS).Methods Divided 100 patients spontaneous pneumatothorax into 2 groups randomly,one was observation group and accepted health education,the other was control group and no health education.Follow up 2 groups by telephone and compare the satisfactory rate of nursing. Results The satisfactory rate of nursing in observation group and control group were 93.8% and 72.9% respectively,the difference was significant(P

Gliomas is the primary intracraniai tumors.It is mainly principle that treatment with surgery followed a comprehensive treatment.As the growth of glioma infiltrating,difficult surgical resection of all clean and easy to relapse,so post-operative adjuvant radiation therapy occupie an important position.In order to explore for brain glioma effect,mainly on the gliomas means of the status and progres with various radiation therapy and radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy.

Objective To approach the related factors and emergency endoscopic hemostasis measures for duode-nal papilla hemorrhage after ERCP, then sum up the clinical experience of prevention and treatment. Methods Clin-ical data of 27 patients with duodenal papilla hemorrhage treated by emergency endoscopic hemostasis were retro-spectively analyzed. Results 26 cases treated by emergency endoscopic hemostasis were successful, the success rate was 96.30 %. Conclusions Prevention is very important for duodenal papilla hemorrhage. Once bleeding after ER-CP, emergency endoscopic hemostasis is the most direct, simple and effective measure.

Objective It was reported that p53 apoptotic peptide (N37) could inhibit p73 gene through being bound with iASPP, which could induce tumor cell apoptosis. To further explore the function of N37, we constructed the cloning plasmid of DNA fragment encoding p53 (N37) apoptotic peptide by using DNA synthesis and molecular biology methods. Methods According to human p53 sequence from the GenBank database, the primer of p53(N37) gene was designed using Primer V7.0 software. The DNA fragment encoding p53 (N37) apoptotic peptide was amplified by using self-complementation polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector. The constructed plasmid was confirmed by endonuclease analysis and sequencing. Results The insertion of objective DNA fragment was confirmed by plasmid DNA enzyme spectrum analysis, p53 (N37) gene was successfully synthesized chemically in vitro. The sequencing result of positive clone was completely identical to the human p53(N37) sequence in GenBank using BLAST software (http://www. ncbi. him. nih. gov/cgi-bin /BLASTn). Conclusion The cloning of DNA fragment encoding p53(N37) apoptotic peptide was constructed by using DNA synthesis and pGEM-T Easy cloning methods. With the constructed plasmid, we could further investigate the function of N37 peptide.

Objective To discuss the application effects of trinitarian visualization teaching model in endoscopy reprocessing teaching practice. Methods Subjects in the study were divided into the trinitarian visualization teaching group (n=40) and the traditional teaching group (n=43) by random number table method; Compliance and credibility rating of endoscope reprocessing procedures were compared between 2 groups. 2 weeks after training, objectives were examined and assessed by questionnaires separately. Results Compliance of the trinitarian visualization teaching group was higher than the traditional teaching group (χ2=10.501, P=0.033). The trinitarian visualization teaching group had a higher rating in compliance, with 47.47 credibility points, theory test (93.79 ± 3.81) points and 93.02%(40/43) of operation pass. The traditional teaching group had a credibility point of 43.68 credibility points, with theory test (85.25±3.14) points and 77.50%(31/40) of operation pass. Significant difference between the two groups were statistical significant (t=4.84 and 11.097, χ2=4.038,P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions The trinitarian visualization teaching model can be used to improve the reprocessing training quality, to save time and human resource and to reach the training demand.

Objective To investigate the changes of cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CVR) in patients with ischemic white matter lesions (WML). Methods 126 patients with WML were divided into mild lesion, moderate lesion, severe WML groups and a normal control group by brain MRI. Blood pressure, blood sugar, blood fat were measured and past medical histories were recorded in details. All the patients were routinely examined using TCD to evaluate CVR. Hypercapnia was induced by inhaling the CO2 they breathed themselves and hypocapnia was done by voluntary hyperventilation. Results Age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and Apo-A were the independent risk factors for WML. Compared with the controls , CVR decreased significantly in the severe and moderate WML groups (P < 0.05). The extent of WML negatively correlated to the cerebrovascular reserve capacity (rs = -0.273, -0.392). Conclusions Age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and Apo-A are the independent risk factors for WML. CVR is significantly decreased in the WML.

BACKGROUND: D-dimer is the specific marker of cross-link fibers degraded by fibrinolysin. During cerebral hemorrhage, D-dimer is significantly increased; its decrease may reflect the absorption process of hematoma and be closely related with the substantial injuries of brain. Endothelin is remarkably increased during cerebral hemorrhage, which may result in ischemic necrosis of neural histiocytes. The endothelin volume in cerebral hemorrhagic patients can reflect the severity of illness and the function prognosis.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of xingnaojing he shengmai injection (compound injection) on D-dimer and endothelin in patients at acute stage of cerebral hemorrhage.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled trial.SETTING: Emergent Internal Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University and Department of Pathology of Jinan Military General Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 44 patients of inspected patients at acute stage of cerebral hemorrhage were collected in Emergent Internal Department of affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University from September 1999 to May 2001, which were randomized into two groups, named as xingnaojing he shengmai injection(compound injection) group(23 patients) and xingnaojing group(21 patients).METHODS: ELISA method was applied to determine the level of D-dimer and endothelin of peripheral blood before and after treatment. SPSS 8.0 statistical software was applied to analyze the data.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effects of xingnaojing he shengmai injection(compound injection) on level of D-dimer and endothelin in patients at acute stage of cerebral hemorrhage, compare with xingnaojing group.RESULTS: Xingnaojing he shengmai injection(compound injection) significantly reduced the level of both D-dimer[ (0. 67 ± 0. 21), (0.34 ± 0.18) mg/L,P ＜ 0.01 ] and endothelin[ (94.52 ±30. 23), (51.30 ± 21.62) ng/L, P＜ 0.01 ] before and after treatment respectively. The improvement of which was obviously superior to those in xingnaojing group[ (0. 33 ±0. 11),(0.20±0.08)mg/L, P ＜0.01; (43.22±12.06), (26.52±8.13)ng/L respectively, concerning to the improvements in two groups, P ＜ 0. 01 ].CONCLUSION: To improve the fibrinolytic state in patients with cerebral hemorrhage may protect the substantial injuries of brain and prevent the secondary damage after cerebral hemorrhage. To inhibit cerebral vascular spasm after hemorrhage may improve ischemic oxygen deficiency in brain tissue and probably be taken as one of the ways for xingnaojing he shengmai injection giving play to its therapeutic effects.

Background The progenesis and development of dry eye is closely associated with the stability of tear-film.Dry eyes often show the visual disturbance.Therefore,to evaluate the stability of tear-film based on visual quality and explore the relevant dynamic vision change in dry eyes is of important significance.Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic changes of objective scattering index (OSI),modulation transfer function cut off (MTF cut off),objective visual acuity (OVA) with tear-film in the patients with mild or moderate dry eye disease using Optical Quality Analysis System.Methods A clinical diagnosis test was performed.Forty-two eyes of 42 consecutive patients with mild or moderate dry eyes were included in Tianjin Eye Hospital from December 2013 to May 2014 based on ‘ The Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Recommendations for Dry Eye from Consensus of Expert Advice in 2013’,and 29 normal eyes of age-and gender-matched 29 healthy volunteers were simultaneously included as the healthy control group.The dynamic retinal images under non-blinking condition during 15 seconds were recorded by OQAS-Ⅱ system,and the OSI,MTF cut off and OVA values at 0,5,10 and 15 seconds were obtained,and the differences of OSI,MTF cut off and OVA between 0 second and 15 seconds were calculated (△OSI,△MTF cut off,△OVA).The dynamic changes of △OSI,△MTF cut off and △OVA with time were evaluated.The sensitivity and specificity of △OSI,△MTF cut off and △OVA for the differential diagnosis of dry eyes were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve).Results The OSI values at 5,10 and 15 seconds in the mild or moderate dry eye group were significantly higher than those at 0 second or those in the healthy control group (all at P＜0.05),and the MTF cut off values and OVA values at 5,10 and 15 seconds in the mild or moderate dry eye group were significantly lower than those at 0 second or those in the healthy control group (all at P＜0.05).The △OSI,△MTF cut off and △OVA values were 1.03±1.53,(-8.37±9.64)c/d and-0.30±0.32 in the mild or moderate dry eye group,which were significantly higher than 0.06± 0.16,(-0.37 ± 5.27) c/d and-0.03 ± 0.18 in the healthy control group (t=4.10,-5.19,-5.28,all at P＜0.05).The area under ROC curve was 0.90,0.79 and 0.78 in △OSI,△MTF cut off and △OVA,respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of △OSI was 78.6％ and 93.1％ respectively at the diagnostic cut off of 0.3.Conclusions The optical quality parameters related with tear-film stability are gradually reduced with extending of time in mild or moderate dry eyes,but they are stable in healthy eyes.The detecting outcomes by OQAS-Ⅱ system can reflect the dynamic status of tear-film,and this method is of important clinical value for the differential diagnosis and optical quality evaluation in dry eyes.