0.05).Patients with mucitis of the study group and the control group were 0 and 7.The difference in statistics analysis was significant(P

BACKGROUND: D-dimer is the specific marker of cross-link fibers degraded by fibrinolysin. During cerebral hemorrhage, D-dimer is significantly increased; its decrease may reflect the absorption process of hematoma and be closely related with the substantial injuries of brain. Endothelin is remarkably increased during cerebral hemorrhage, which may result in ischemic necrosis of neural histiocytes. The endothelin volume in cerebral hemorrhagic patients can reflect the severity of illness and the function prognosis.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of xingnaojing he shengmai injection (compound injection) on D-dimer and endothelin in patients at acute stage of cerebral hemorrhage.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled trial.SETTING: Emergent Internal Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University and Department of Pathology of Jinan Military General Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 44 patients of inspected patients at acute stage of cerebral hemorrhage were collected in Emergent Internal Department of affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University from September 1999 to May 2001, which were randomized into two groups, named as xingnaojing he shengmai injection(compound injection) group(23 patients) and xingnaojing group(21 patients).METHODS: ELISA method was applied to determine the level of D-dimer and endothelin of peripheral blood before and after treatment. SPSS 8.0 statistical software was applied to analyze the data.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effects of xingnaojing he shengmai injection(compound injection) on level of D-dimer and endothelin in patients at acute stage of cerebral hemorrhage, compare with xingnaojing group.RESULTS: Xingnaojing he shengmai injection(compound injection) significantly reduced the level of both D-dimer[ (0. 67 ± 0. 21), (0.34 ± 0.18) mg/L,P ＜ 0.01 ] and endothelin[ (94.52 ±30. 23), (51.30 ± 21.62) ng/L, P＜ 0.01 ] before and after treatment respectively. The improvement of which was obviously superior to those in xingnaojing group[ (0. 33 ±0. 11),(0.20±0.08)mg/L, P ＜0.01; (43.22±12.06), (26.52±8.13)ng/L respectively, concerning to the improvements in two groups, P ＜ 0. 01 ].CONCLUSION: To improve the fibrinolytic state in patients with cerebral hemorrhage may protect the substantial injuries of brain and prevent the secondary damage after cerebral hemorrhage. To inhibit cerebral vascular spasm after hemorrhage may improve ischemic oxygen deficiency in brain tissue and probably be taken as one of the ways for xingnaojing he shengmai injection giving play to its therapeutic effects.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a rapid, accurate and sensitive method for the determination of nifedipine, nitrendipine and nimodipine which were added into traditional patent medicine illegally. METHODS: The LC-MS method was used to detect the extractive of Chinese patent medicine for antihypertension in respects of relative molecular mass, tandem mass spectrometry fragment, retention time, UV spectrum. The compounds added into the Chinese patent medicine were identified by comparing with standard sample in terms of spectrum, chromatographic and mass spectrometric behavior. RESULTS: According to four aspects of determination, nifedipine, nitrendipine and nimodipine were found in three kinds of Chinese patent medicine for antihypertension. CONCLUSION: The method is selective and sensitive for the detection of nifedipine, nitrendipine and nimodipine which were added into traditional patent medicine illegally.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a turbidimetric method for the determination of the potency of the crude drugs and tablets of oxytetracycline. METHODS: By turbidimetric method in which Staphylococcus aureus was used as the test organism with biomass concentration of 1.0%～1.5% (V/V). The culture temperature was 37 ℃ and the culture time was about 4 h. The method was compared with the cup-plate method in potency. RESULTS: The linear range of oxytetracycline was 0.05～0.4 IU?mL-1. The average recovery of the crude drug of oxytetracycline was 99.59% (RSD=2.0%) and that of oxytetracycline tablets was 99.51% (RSD=1.91%), showing no significant difference as compared with the cup-plate method in contents. CONCLUSIONS: The method was sensitive and rapid yet with few influencing factors thus applicable for the determination of the potencies of oxytetracycline and its tablets.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the titer of main component in kitasamycin tablets and acetylkitasamycin dry suspension.METHODS:Staphylococcus aureus was used as test organism and which were cultured at (37?0.5) ℃ for about 4～5 hours by adding 1.0%～1.5% kitasamycin and 2.0%～2.5% acetylkitasamycin,then the absorbance was determined at a wavelength of 530 nm.RESULTS:The linear range of kitasamycin was 0.5～4.0 IU?mL-1 and that of acetylkitasamycin was 0.45～6.3 IU?mL-1,and their recovery rates were 101.7%(RSD=1.9%,n=9) and 101.1%(RSD=2.1%,n=9),respectively.CONCLUSION:The established turbidimetry is sensitive,rapid yet with few influencing factors,thus it is applicable for the titer determination of main component in kitasamycin tablets and acetylkitasamycin dry suspension.

Purpose To explore the role of cell blocks combined with immunohistochemical examination in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion,and to explore the role of pleural effusion cell blocks in lung adenocarcinoma molecular pathology examination.Methods 142 cases of malignant pleural effusion based cytology,cell blocks of HE staining and immunohistochemical staining by EnVision twostep were retrospectively analysed,the tumor classification was made through analyzing the characteristics of the cells combined with antibody expression.The detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation of 40 cases of lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed after immunohistochemical staining were used by ARMS-PCR method.Results Among 142 cases of malignant pleural effusion,there were 99 cases caused by lung adenocarcinoma,4 cases of lung small cell carcinoma,3 cases of lung squamous cell carcinoma,13 cases of breast carcinoma,9 cases of ovarian carcinoma,2 cases of gastric carcinoma,1 case of thyroid carcinoma,1 case of endometrial carcinoma,5 cases of mesothelioma,3 cases of lymphoma,1 case of malignant melanoma,1 case of synovial sarcoma.In 40 cases of lung adenocarcinoma pleural effusion cell block,there were 20 cases with EGFR mutations,9 cases of 19del mutations and 11 cases L858R mutations.Conclusion The pleural effusion cell blocks combined immunohistochemistry are useful to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of patients with pleural effusion,and helpful for the determination of classification and the primary site of tumor,assessment of prognosis.Pleural dffusion cell block may used to detect EGFR mutations of lung adenocarcinoma,which provide new source of specimen for the gene detection of lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the value of the periportal free air(PPFA) sign at computed tomography(CT) in distinguishing between upper and lower gastrointestinal(GI) tract perforation. Methods CT images of 62 patients with surgically proven GI tract perforation were retrospectively analyzed. 62 cases included upper and lower GI tract perforation in 35 cases and 27 cases,respective-ly. When there was free air in the periportal area,it was defined as positive periportal free air(PPFA) sign. The difference of PPFA sign in upper and lower GI tract perforation, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and ac-curacy of PPFA sign in diagnosing gastrointestinal perforation were analysed respectively. Results The PPFA sign was seen in 33 of 35(94%) patients with upper GI tract perforation,but only in 10 of 27 (37%) patients with lower GI tract perforation,there was sig-nificant difference between them(P<0.05). For diagnosis of super GI perforation with PPFA sign, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy were 94% (33/35), 63%(17/27), 770%(33/43), 89%(17/19) and 81% (50/ 62), respectively. Conclusion The PPFA sign is a useful finding in distinguishing between upper and lower GI tract perforation.

Aim To investigate the effects of Astragalus Mongholicus Bunge Lectin (AMML) on tumor cells proliferation,cell cycle and apoptosis by using human leukemia cell line (K562 cells).Methods The antiproliferation effect of AMML on K562 cells was detected by the colorimetric MTT assay.The apoptosis induced by AMML on K562 cells was explored by means of cell morphological and flow cytometry.Results AMML showed strong inhibiton of the growth of K562 cells in a time-and concentration-dependence. After incubation of K562 cells with AMML at a concentration of 60 mg?L-1 for 72 h,the inhibition ratio was 89%.Morphological observation showed that AMML-treated K562 cells displayed outstanding apoptosis characteristics,such as nuclear fragmentation,chromatin condensation. AMML induced significant cell cycle arrest at S phase in K562 cells,and the apoptosis of K562 cells was confirmed by flow cytometry.Conclusion AMML can inhibit the growth of K562 cells through S arrest and induce the apoptosis of K562 cells. Thus,AMML may be valuable for the treatment of cancer.

Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter(VWM) is one of the most prevalent inherited white matter disorders in childhood,and it′s the only known hereditary human disease due to the direct defects in protein synthesis process,with the gene defects in EIF2B1-5,encoding the five subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor(eIF2B ?,?,?,? and ?) respectively.eIF2B is essential for the protein translation initiation process,and its action is realized via eukaryotic translation initiation factor2(eIF2).Phosphorylation of eIF2? and eIF2B? is an important way to regulate eIF2B function,and thus play a key role in control of the protein translation level under physiological condition.Mutant eIF2B results in functional defects and decrease of the overall protein translation in cells,but in increase the translation of proteins with multiple upstream open reading frames,such as activating transcription factor 4(AFT4),which leads to the susceptibility to un-folded protein response under stress,and the following apoptosis.The exact pathogenic mechanisms of VWM are far from well understood.It′s suggested that level of AFT4 in cells with eIF2B mutations is higher than in wild type cells under physiological condition,which makes the mutant cells more susceptible to endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress and unfolded protein response(UPR).Under stress,the defect eIF2B leads to a vicious cycle of UPR activation,which may underlie the neurological aggravation in VWM patients after minor stress,a specific cli-nical feature of VWM.Elucidating the pathogenesis of VWM will be helpful to further understand the protein translation process in eukaryotic cells,and provide a clue for possible therapeutic targets and treatment strategies in the future.Abstract:SUMM ARY Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter(VWM) is one of the most prevalent in-herited white matter d isorders in childhood,and i′ts the only known hered itary human d isease due to the d irect defects in protein synthesis process,with the gene defects inEIF2B1-5,encod ing the five sub-units of eukaryotic translation initiation factor(eIF2B?,?,?,?and?) respectively.eIF2B is essential for the protein translation initiation process,and its action is realized via eukaryotic translation initiation factor2(eIF2).Phosphorylation of eIF2?and eIF2B?is an important way to regulate eIF2B function,and thus play a key role in control of the protein translation level under physiological cond ition.Mutant eIF2B results in functional defects and decrease of the overall protein translation in cells,but in increase the translation of proteins with multiple upstream open read ing frames,such as activating transcription factor 4(AFT4),which leads to the susceptibility to un-folded protein response under stress,and the following apoptosis.The exact pathogenic mechanisms ofVWM are far from well understood.I′ts sugges-ted that level ofAFT4 in cells with eIF2B mutations is higher than in wild type cells under physiological cond ition,which makes the mutant cellsmore susceptible to endoplasm ic reticulum(ER) stress and un-folded protein response(UPR).Under stress,the defect eIF2B leads to a vicious cycle ofUPR activa-tion,which may underlie the neurological aggravation in VWM patients afterm inor stress,a specific cli-nical feature ofVWM.E lucidating the pathogenesis ofVWM will be helpful to further understand the pro-tein translation process in eukaryotic cells,and provide a clue for possible therapeutic targets and treat-ment strategies in the future.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Sheng-qi-zhuang-yang formula combined with specific immunotherapy (SIT) with standardized house dust mite vaccine on allergic asthmatic children. Methods Participants were 100 children with mild to moderate allergic asthma , who were receiving SIT at Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from Jan 2011 to Dec 2013 , who were divided into treatment group and control group. Patients in the treatment group received Sheng-qi-zhuang-yang Decoction combined with SIT while patients in the control group received SIT alone. Asthma symptom scores, respiratory function and related adverse events were compared before and after treatment, between groups. Results The desensitization treatment functions was ahead of time than expected in both groups. There is no significant difference between groups in terms of respiratory function and adverse effects. Conclusion Sheng-qi-zhuang-yang decoction combined with SIT for allergic asthmatic children seems to advance clinical effect without increasing adverse events. Further large scale clinical trial is required to confirm this.