Gray matter heterotopias,which can be classified into subependymal heterotopia,subcortical heterotopia,band heterotopia and mixed heterotopia,belongs to neuronal migration disorders.Any factors including physical or chemical factors,biological factors and genetical factors that occur during neuronal migration phase can lead to gray matter heterotopias.The latest studies have revealed many genes are involved in the pathogenesis of gray matter heterotopias,especially in subependymal heterotopia and band heterotopia with their own characteristics.The main clinical disorders in pediatric heterotopias include developmental delay,epilepsy and motor disturbance.The diagnosis of the disease is made through neuroimaging examinations especially magnetic resonance imagings.The advanced magnetic techniques like magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance can be helpful in the final diagnosis.

The incident of colorectal cancer are closely related to factors such as genetics, life styles, dietary patterns, external environment, enteral environment, and exercise. Epidemiological studies of geographic regions with different eating habits have shown that the incidence of CRC varies as diets change. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms

Kawasaki disease ( KD) is an acute febrile systemic vasculitic syndrome. Since there is no specific diagnostic test for KD, the diagnosis is mainly based on the clinical menifetations according to the criterias and excluding of other diseases. Recently the value of plasma brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP) in the diagnosis of KD has been paid more attention gradually. The plasma NT-proBNP level is significantly elevated in KD patients in the acute phase. It is of some specificity and sensitivity, and it may due to the local myocardial inflammation, cytokines and diastolic function of left ventricular. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which the elevated levels of plasma NT-proBNP occur in the acute phase of KD.

Objective To explore the value of applying flipped classroom in human parasitology. Methods Totally 430 students of 5-year program were divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental class received human parasitology teaching through flipped classroom teaching mode, while the control class received traditional teaching. The effect of teaching was evaluated by questionnaire and examination. The data were analyzed through t-test. Result Meanwhile, statistical difference was found in aver age score of total between experiment group and control group [(68.2 ±8.6) vs. (66.6 ±11.0), P=0.032]. There was also statistical difference in average score of comprehensive analysis [(16.4±3.2) vs. (16.1 ±3.9), P=0.038]. Questionnaire survey of satisfaction showed that 191 students of experimental class (90.95%) felt new teaching mode could improve autonomous learning ability, 199 students (94.76%) in-creased interest in learning;185 students (88.10%) had more interactive with teachers, 178 students (84.76%) enhanced cooperation between st udents, 186 students (88.57%) approved of small group discussion learning and 165 students (78.57%) had no extra burden. Conclusion Flipped classroom teaching mode can improve students' autonomous learning ability and cultivate their abilities of independent thinking, cooperation, criti-cism, innovation, analyzing and solving problems. Thus this new teaching mode is worthy of reference and popularization.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus medicine and function training in treating post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome. Method Sixty patients with post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome were randomized into a treatment group of 30 cases and a control group of 30 cases. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture plus medicine and functional training, while the control group was only by functional training. Before and after intervention, the hand swelling degree, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), shoulder joint motion scale, Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) scale were used to measure the swelling and pain of hand, motion of shoulder, and motor function of upper limb. Result After intervention, the swelling and pain of hand, motion range of shoulder and motor function of upper limb were significantly improved in both groups (P<0.01), and the improvements in the treatment group were more significant than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture plus medicine and function training can enhance the efficacy in treating post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome, superior to pure function training.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching for beta-thalassemia. Methods A total of 43 referred beta-thalassemia couples, with at least on child in need of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), underwent PGD for HLA matching at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 2010 to 2015. PGD cycles of these couples were retrospectively analyzed, and 15 infants born from PGD-HLA were followed up. Results A total of 84 oocyte retrieval cycles were performed, providing 14±7 oocytes per cycle. Fifty nine embryos biopsied cycles were done, including 24 cleavage stage and 35 blastocyst stage biopsy cycles. In cleavage stage, 259 embryos were biopsied, 93.4% (242/259) of them with conclusive molecular diagnosis, and the percentage of unaffected embryos (normo-homozygote and heterozygote) was 71.4%(185/259). The percentage of HLA matched unaffected embryos was 9.3%(24/259). In blastocyst stage, 306 embryos were biopsied, while 93.8% (287/306) of them were conclusive, and the percentage of unaffected embryos was 70.6% (216/306). The percentage of HLA matched unaffected embryos in blastocyst stage biopsy was 14.4%(44/306), which was higher than in cleavage stage biopsy (P<0.05). Forty three female carriers underwent 48 embryo transfer cycles including 3 fresh and 45 frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Three fresh embryo transfer cycles were done after cleavage stage biopsy, resulted in a birth of healthy twins born at 36 weeks′gestation. All the embryos were frozen after blastocyst biopsied. Totally, 54 frozen-thawed embryos that were transferred in 45 frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles included 25 embryo from cleavage stage biopsy and 29 embryo from blastocyst stage biopsy, and 42 of them were HLA matched. Clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate per cycle in frozen-thawed embryo transfer were 38%(17/45) and 37%(20/54) respectively. A total of 15 infants were born, 2 were from a fresh embryo transfer cycle, and 13 were from frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Results of prenatal diagnosis from delivered cases were matched to that of PGD. Four sick children have been cured by HSCT from these HLA matched born siblings. Conclusion PGD with HLA matching is an established method for conceiving a child who may donate hematopoietic stem cells to save an ill sibling.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy of YANG's pricking-cupping therapy for knee osteoar thritis (KOA). Methods This was a multi-center randomized parallel controlled trial. One hundred and seventy one patients with KOA were randomly allocated to a pricking-cupping group (89 cases) and a conventional acu puncture group (82 cases). Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), Dubi (ST 35) and ashi points were selected in the two groups. Patients in the pricking-cupping group were treated with YANG's pricking-cupping therapy; the seven-star needles were used to perform pricking at acupoints, then cupping was used until slight bleeding was observed. Patients in the conventional acupuncture group were treated with semi-standardized filiform needle therapy. The treatment was given for 4 weeks (from a minimum of 5 times to a maximum of 10 times). The follow-up visit was 4 weeks. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) were adopted for the efficacy assessments.

RESULTSThe pain score, stiffness score, physical function score and total score of WOMAC were all reduced after 4-week treatment and during follow-up visit in the two groups (all P<0. 0001). Except that the difference of stiffness score between the two groups was not significant after 4-week treatment (P>0. 05), each score and total score of WOMAC in the pricking-cupping group were lower than those in the conventional acupuncture group after 4-week treatment and during follow-up visit (P<0. 0001, P<0. 01). After 2-week treatment, 4-week treatment and during follow-up visit, the VAS was all reduced compared with that before treatment (all P<0. 0001) ; with the increase of the treatment, the reducing trend of VAS was more significant (P<0. 0001). The scores of VAS in the pricking-cupping group were lower than those in the conventional acupuncture group after 4-week treatment and during follow-up visit (P < 0. 01, P <0. 0001). CONCLUSION The YANG's pricking-cupping and conventional acupuncture therapy can both significantly improve knee joint pain and function in patients with KOA, which are relatively safe. The pricking cupping therapy is superior to conventional acupuncture with the identical selection of acupoints.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Arthralgia ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; physiopathology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To observe the long-term clinical effect of pars plana vitrectomy combined with fovea-sparing internal limiting peeling in the treatment of macular foveoschisis in pathologic myopic. Methods A prospective case series study. Fifteen patients (15 eyes) with pathological myopic macular foveoschisis who received treatment in Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from December 2015 to December 2016 were enrolled. There were 4 males (4 eyes) and 11 females (11eyes), with an average age of 55.33±8.34 years. All patients underwent BCVA, diopter, spectral domain OCT and axial length measurement. The mean logMAR BCVA was 0.95±0.64. The mean central fovea thickness (CFT) was 576.00±185.32 μm. All patients underwent vitrectomy combined with fovea-sparing internal limiting peeling. After gas-liquid exchange, 12％ C3F8 was filled and followed up at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Follow-up time was more than 12 months. The structural changes of BCVA and macular area were observed.Results The foveal internal limiting membranes was successfully preserved in all eyes using the techinique. At the final follow-up, the CFT was 258.60±175.22 μm and the BCVA was 0.46±0.43, which were significantly improved compared with preoperative measurements (t=4.90, 5.20;P<0.001). Macular foveoschisis was resovled in 13 eyes. BCVA increased in 14 eyes. Internal limiting membranes proliferation and contraction occurred in 5 eyes and full-thickness macular hole occurred in 1 eye.Conclusions Pars plana vitrectomy with fovea-sparing internal limiting peeling is effective in the treatment of myopic macular retinoschisis. It can improve BCVA and CFT.

In order to fulfill the new requirement of educational and teaching reform in the new era, the Teaching and Research Section of Parasitology in Guangxi Medical University have constructed online courses of Parasites Invasion— Human Parasitology on the platform of Xueyin Online, providing resources in professional learning and general education. In the construction concept, we recombine teaching content to give consideration to both scientificity and interest. In terms of the curriculum content, the curriculum includes micro lecture, PPT, in-lass quiz, case analysis and other diversified teaching resources. In the curriculum management, teachers interact with students in real time with the help of various functions of the platform to fully play the role of supervision. In the assessment, teachers pay attention to students' learning process and carry out comprehensive evaluation. Since the online course was put into operation, good teaching effects has been achieved.

Objective:To develop a comprehensive ability evaluation system for general practice management post in community health service institutions.Methods:Based on the previous studies and literature search on competency of general practitioners in various clinical posts, the first draft of the comprehensive ability indicator system for general management posts was designed. From November 2019 to January 2020, the comprehensive ability indicator system, classification and scoring method and evaluation method for general management posts were determined through three rounds of Delphi consultation.Results:Seventeen experts with administrative management experiences were invited for consultation, including 3 directors in charge and 14 general practice managers. The response rate of valid questionnaires in the three rounds of consultation were all 17/17, the authority of experts were all>0.7, and the coordination coefficients of expert opinions were 0.142, 0.212, and 0.532 (all P<0.01). The 11 evaluation indexes of the comprehensive ability of community general management posts were: achievement orientation, initiative, interpersonal understanding, service consciousness, influence, organization, training others, teamwork, team leadership, professional skills and confidence. Methods suitable for evaluation the ability of psychological test indicators were achievement orientation, interpersonal understanding, service consciousness and self-confident;appropriate indicators for no-leader group discussion were initiation, influence, team work, team leadership;appropriate indicators for in-tray test ability were organized cognition, professional skills;and the appropriate indicator for the ability of the structured interview was training others. Conclusions:The comprehensive ability evaluation system for community general management posts established in this study is scientific and practical, which may provide objective standard basis for the ability evaluation of community health management talents.