Objective To observe the function of immature CD8α+ dentritic cells (DCs) in vitro. Methods The bone marrow and spleen of C57BL/6(H-2b) and Balb/c (H-2d) mice were got to prepare immature CD8α+ DCs and spleen lymphocytes,and treated by mytomycin. MTT test was used.MLR group, MLR plus variable density syngeneic CD8α+ DC group, MLR plus variable density allogeneic CD8α+ DC group,MLR plus variable density CD8α+ DC supernatant group,CD8α+ DC plus syngeneic T cell group and negative control group were established. MLR group was set up by responder cell ratio of 0.2,0.5,0.8,1.0,to build the MLR plus syngeneic and allogeneic CD8α+ DC experimental groups. Culture supernatant from different density (1 × 105/ml - 5 × 106/ml) of CD8α+DCs was added into MLR to build CD8α+ DC supernatant group. CD8α+ DCs were co-cultured with syngeneic T cells to build CD8α+ DCs plus syngeneic T cells group. 2 × 105/well responder cells served as the negative control group. ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-10 in the DCs could both suppress MLR (P＜0. 05), and the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0. 05). When CD8α+ DCs were increased, the suppressive effect was enhanced. When CD8α+ DC/responder cell ratio ＞0. 2, the inhibitory effect could be observed, and this effect reached the peak when the ratio was 1.0. The CD8α+ DCs had weak ability to stimulate syngeneic lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, and certain stimulating effect could be seen only when CD8α+ DC/responder cell ratio ＞2 (P＜0. 05). Its culture supernatant also showed suppressive effect (P＜0. 05), and the supernatant with a cell density of 5 × 105/ml showed the maximum effect. IL-10 concentration in the concentration was 1.0 ± 1.2 pg/ml. Conclusion The in vitro function of immature CD8α+ DCs was immunosuppression/tolerance,and they could secret high level of IL-10. The CD8α+ DCs and their culture supernatant could suppress MLR in vitro.

Objective To study the immune system regulatory effects of CD8+CD28-regulatory T lymphocytes in an experimental bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell treatment of autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Methods A model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was established in twenty-eight C57BL/6 female mice,6 to 8 weeks old weighing 16 to 20 g using myelinoligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 amino acid peptide (MOG35-55).The mice were randomly divided into a phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) group (n =7),an MSCs-Low group [n =7 which received an injection of 2× 105 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)],an MSCs-Med group (n=7,1× 106 MSCs),and an MSCs-High group (n=7,5×106 MSCs).Their clinical condition was then evaluated daily.On the 15th day after the MOG35-55 immunization,the different MSC doses were administered intravenously via the tail.On the 30th day the mice were sacrificed to observe any neuropathology of the spinal cord.At the same time,FACS flow cytometry was used to assay CD8+CD28-T cells in the spleen.Results Compared with the PBS control group,the MSC treatment effectively alleviated illness among the mice by the 15th day after the immunization.The maximum and average disease scores and clinical illness scores had all improved significantly.The medium dosage worked best.Neuropathological analysis showed that the MSC treatment could significantly reduce the invasion of inflammatory cells and minimize demyelination in the spinal cord.Furthermore,the CD8+ CD28-regulatory T cells in the spleens of the MSCtreated animals increased compared with the PBS control group,though the secreted levels of IL-10 showed no obvious difference.Conclusions Treatment with MCSs can promote the recovery of neural function in autoimmune encephalomyelitis,at least in mice.CD8+CD28-regulatory T cells may not be the main effector cells,playing only a synergistic therapeutic role.

AIM: To induce lymphoid stem cells and/or T-cell precursors to diffe rentiate into functional mature T lymphocyte, and to increase the surface marker of T lymphocytes such as CD + 3, while embryonic stem(ES) cells differentiate d into hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells(HSPCs) in vitro . When they were i njec ted into lethally irradiated mice, these differentiated cells had the advantage in immune reconstitution. METHODS: Embryonic stem cells formed e mbryoid bodies(EBs) in the medium containing methycellulose, hematopoietic growt h factors(HGFs) was added to the culture system on the 6th day, thymopeptide was added at the same time. Flow cytometry were performed to detect the surface mar ker CD 34 and CD 3 of the differentiated cells. Finally the differentiated cells were injected into lethally irradiated mice, 60 days later, the incidence rate of graft versus host disease(GVHD) was taken as the mark of cell mediated immunity, PCR was performed to detect the sex determining region of the Y-chromo some(Sry) in bone marrow cells and spleen cells of the survival host female mice . RESULTS: The percentage of CD + 3 T lymphocytes was 10.52% a nd the incidence rate of GVHD was 0% on the 13th day, but they respectively rose up to 22.93% an d 100% if thymopeptide was added in the procedure of inducing ES cells to differ entiate into HSPC in vitro . CONCLUSION: The quantity of CD + 3 T lymphocytes increased in medium containing thymopeptide when ES cells differe ntiated into CD 34 + HSPC.

Objectives Tostudytheexpressionchangesofproproteinconvertase1(PC1)incerebral cortex nerve cells and its substrate neuropeptide Y (NPY)after focal cerebral ischemia in mice and to investigatetheeffectofPC1inneuronalischemicinjury.Methods Twenty-fourmaleC57micewere randomly allocated into a sham-operation group,an ischemia-reperfusion 4-or 24-hour group with computer (n=8 in each group). A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced by the intraluminal suture method. Western blot and real-time quantitative nucleic acid amplification were used to detect the expression changes of PC1,NPY,and mRNA in mouse cortical neurons. Results (1)Compared with the sham operation group,the expression of PC1 mRNA of ischemic cortex brain tissue at ischemic side in the ischemia-reperfusion 4-hour group increased 2. 66 ± 0. 24 and in the ischemia-reperfusion 24-hour group expressed 2. 07 ± 0. 23 (all P<0. 05). Compared with the sham operation group,the PC1 precursor protein level increased significantly at 4 hours (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the 24-hour group (P >0. 05 ). (2 )Compared with the sham operation group,the preproNPY mRNA and protein level increased significantly after reperfusion in the ischemia-reperfusion 4-hour group (P < 0. 05 ),the mRNA expressed 2. 31 ± 0. 27,and the increase of precursor protein level continued until 24 hours. Conclusion TheexpressionofprecursorPC1increasedaftercerebralischemia-reperfusioninmice, thus affecting the processing activity of PC1 ,and resulting in NPY protein,an active substrate of PC1 accumulated with the form of precursors,which may be one of the underlying mechanisms of neuronal ischemic injury.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of thyroid nodules in diabetic patients and its correlation with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution.Methods:A Total of 213 cases of diabetic patients in Guang’anmen Hospital and Tangshan Hospital from January 2019 to August 2020 were choosen to do the questionnaire, with containly symptom and constitution. The patients were divided into diabetes with thyroid nodules group and diabetes without thyroid nodules group according to whether thyroid nodules were combined. We compared the clinical data characteristics of 2 groups, and used multi-factor logistic regression model to analyze the risk factors of diabetic patients with thyroid nodules and their correlation with TCM constitutions. Results:Diabetes patients aged from 50-80 years old [ OR=2.949, 95% CI (1.266-6.714)], females [ OR=3.736, 95% CI (1.823-1.541)], diabetes duration≥15 years [ OR=1.558, 95% CI (1.623-1.585)], elevated HbA1c [ OR=5.862, 95% CI (1.418-23.629)], elevated VLDL [ OR=2.851, 95% CI (1.597-6.824)], frequent insomnia [ OR=1.970, 95% CI (1.315-3.395)], Qi stagnation [ OR=4.357, 95% CI (2.634-8.377)], blood stasis [ OR=4.420, 95% CI (1.874-15.258)] are more likely to suffer from thyroid nodules ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Diabetic patients aged from 50-80 years old, females, diabetes duration≥15 years, elevated HbA1c, family history of thyroid nodules, frequent insomnia, and mood swings are more likely to develop thyroid nodules; qi stagnation and blood stasis are dangerous constitutions for diabetic patients with thyroid nodules.

AIM: To establish hybrid mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell line from blastocysts of the (C57BL/6J?129/J) F1 mouse. METHODS: 3.5 days post-coitus (d.p.c.) blastocysts were cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in the medium, after 3-4 days, Inner cell mass were picked up and disaggregated, then reseeded. After the ES-like colonies appeared, passaged them to give permanent ES cell lines. The pluripotent properties of ES cells obtained were analyzed by alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, expression of SSEA-1 and Oct-4, and their capacity to form teratoma. RESULTS: Two hybrid ES cell lines, SC1001, SC1002 were obtained from blastocysts of the (C57BL/6J?129/J) F1 genotype. Most of these ES cells had a normal karyotype and an XY sex chromosome composition. The pluripotent properties of the cell lines were analyzed on the basis of their alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of SSEA-1 and Oct-4, and their capacity to form teratoma in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. CONCLUSION: Two hybrid mouse ES cell lines having pluripotent properties and capacity for long-term self renewal were generated from blastocysts of the (C57BL/6J?129/J) F1 genotype.

AIM: To establish hybrid mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell line from blastocysts of the (C57BL/6J × 129/J) F1 mouse. METHODS: 3.5 days post- coitus (d.p.c.) blastocysts were cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in the medium, after 3 - 4 days, Inner cell mass were picked up and disaggregated, then reseeded. After the ES - like colonies appeared, passaged them to give permanent ES cell lines. The pluripotent propertes of ES cells obtained were analyzed by alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, expression of SSEA- 1 and Oct-4, and their capacity to form teratoma. RESULTS: Two hybrid ES cell lines, SC1001, SC1002 were obtained from blastocysts of the (C57BL/6J × 129/J) F1 genotype. Most of these ES cells had a normal karyotype and an XY sex chromosome composition. The pluripotent properties of the cell lines were analyzed on the basis of their alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of SSEA - 1 and Oct - 4, and their capacity to form teratoma in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. CONCLUSION: Two hybrid mouse ES cell lines having pluripotent properties and capacity for long - term self renewal were generated from blastocysts of the ( C57BL/6J × 129/J) F1 genotype.

Objective To observe the dynamic changes of cardiac lymphangiogenesis in Doxorubicin(DOX)-induced dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)model mice,and to study the the protective mechanism of Kuoxin Decoction.Methods The DCM mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of DOX,and the dynamic observation was performed every week.On this basis,60 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=10):control group,Model group,L-KXD,M-KXD and H-KXD groups and Captopril group.After successful modeling,the KXD and the positive control drug Captopril were administered continuously for 28 days.Echocardiography was used to detect cardiac function in mice,HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe pathological and morphological changes of the heart,Whole-mount immunofluorescent staining was used to detect the expression of LYVE-1 and Podoplanin in epicardial lymphatic vessels,Western blot was used to detect the expression of VEGFR-3 protein,and qPCR was used to detect the expression of VEGFR-3 mRNA.Results DCM mice induced by DOX showed significant cardiac function decline from the third week(DOX:15 mg·kg-1,P<0.05),and significant ventricular remodeling at the fifth week(DOX:15 mg·kg-1,P<0.01);The lymphatic vessel area of the mouse heart decreased significantly from the fourth week(DOX:20 mg·kg-1,P<0.0001),and the expression of VEGFR-3 decreased significantly from the third week(DOX:15 mg·kg-1,P<0.01).Conclusion KXD can improve ventricular remodeling and cardiac function in DOX-induced DCM mice,promote cardiac lymphangiogenesis,and upregulate the expression of VEGFR-3 at protein and mRNA levels,with a better effect than captopril.DOX-induced cardiac lymphangiogenesis in DCM mice leads to severe myocardial fibrosis and weakened cardiac function,which gradually worsens with the accumulation of modeling time and dose.KXD can promote cardiac lymphangiogenesis and improve cardiac function in DOX-induced DCM mice.The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of VEGFR-3 expression.

To report a 4-year-old boy with severed right index finger amputations in 2 segments. There were severe contusion on the 2 amputated sections of finger. According to the prevention and control requirement for the novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19), the patient was firstly checked to exclude the COVID-19. Then the replantation surgery was successfully carried out under the strict protective measures. The replanted index finger survived well at 2 weeks after surgery.

Objective To explore the effects and possible mechanism of histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA on the interstitial fibrosis induced by diabetes.Methods The SD rats were divided into three groups:control group (Con,n=9),diabetes mellitus (DM) group (n=9) and SAHA treatment group (n=9).The diabetic rat model was established by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) through tail vein.After 8 weeks,the SAHA treatment group rats were fed with a SAHA solution (25 mg· kg-1 · d-1) by gastric gavage.After 16 weeks,all rats were sacrificed to detect relevant biochemical parameters,and observe the changes of pathomorphology in kidney.In addition,immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting were employed to detect the protein expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1),Smad2,Smad3,p-Smad2,p-Smad3,Smad7,collagen-Ⅰ and collagen-Ⅲ,respectively.Results Compared with Con group,the levels of blood glucose (BG),urinary trace albumin/urinary creatinine (ACR),triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in the diabetic group were all increased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05),the protein expressions of TGF-β1,p-Smad2,p-Smad3,collagen-Ⅰ and collagen-Ⅲ in kidney were all increased in diabetic group (all P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of Smad7 was significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with DM group,the levels of ACR was reduced,the renal fibrosis was alleviated,the protein expressions of TGF-β1,p-Smad2,p-Smad3,collagen-Ⅰ and collagen-Ⅲ in SAHA group were all decreased (all P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of Smad7 was increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion SAHA may restore the protein level of Smad7 by enhancing protein stability,then promote the moderate transduction of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway,which reduce the fibrosis of renal tubules in diabetic rats.