Objective To explore the distribution characteristics of intra/extracranial large-artery disturbance in patients with ischemic stroke (IS)/transient ischemic attack (TIA).Methods The medical history information of 169 IS/TIA patients was recorded.The results of laboratory examination,electrocardiogram,echocardiography,abdominal ultrasound and chest radiography were analyzed.At the same time,the intra/extra-cranial large arteries were examined to analyze the degree,distribution and pattern of their disturbance.Results Among them,there were intra/extra-cranial large-arterial stenosis (n =112,66.3％) and small-arterial disturbance (n =57,33.7％).Multiple vascular disturbance pattern was more common in patients with intra/extra-cranial large-arterial stenosis (n =71,63.4％).The incidence of intracranial large-arterial stenosis was significantly higher than that of extracranial large-arterial stenosis (53.8％ vs.35.5％,P ＜ 0.05).And middle cerebral artery was the most commonly affected artery,36 of those were culprit vessels accounting for 73.5％ (36/49).Conclusions The IS/TIA patients have a high incidence of intra/extra-cranial large-arterial stenosis.Multiple vascular disturbance is a more common pattern.The incidence of intracranial large-arterial stenosis is greater than that of extracranial and middle cerebral artery is the most common affected artery.

Objective To investigate the anti-HBV constituents from Alternanthera philoxeroides.Methods The constituents were isolated with silica gel and gel permeation chromatography,and purified by HPLC.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy.The antivirus effects of the isolated compounds were tested by ELISA method in vitro.Results Ten compounds were isolated and elucidated as followings:oleanolic acid(Ⅰ),oleanolic acid 3-O-?-D-glucuronopyranoside(Ⅱ),oleanolic acid 28-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅲ),chikusetsusaponin Ⅳ a methyl ester(Ⅳ),4,5-dihydroblumenol(Ⅴ),N-trans-feruloyl 3-methyldopamine(Ⅵ),N-trans-feruloyl tyramine(Ⅶ),3?-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one(Ⅷ),24-methylenecycloartanol(Ⅸ),and cycloeucalenol(Ⅹ).The values of inhibition percent of compounds Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅴ-Ⅶ revealed a significant distinction compared to the control group.Compounds Ⅱ and Ⅴ showed significant inhibition against HepG2 cells transected with cloned hepatitis B virus DNA,their inhibitive ratios were 85.38% and 87.37% at 50 ?g/mL,respectively.Conclusion Compounds Ⅳ-Ⅶ are isolated from this plant for the first time and phenolic amides have been determined as the new structure type from the plants of Alternanthera Forsk.Compounds Ⅱ and Ⅴ from A.philoxeroides show the more significant anti-HBV activities.

Objective To test the hypothesis that nebulised budesonide (NB) might be an alternative to systemic corticosteroids in treatment of patients with exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD).Methods Patients hospitalised with ECOPD (n = 78) were randomnized into three groups.Group 1 received only standard bronchodilator treatment (SBDT),group 2 received systemic corticosteroids (SC 40 mg methylprednisolone) plus SBDT,and group 3 received nebulised budesonide ( NB 1000 mg budesonide q.i.d.) plus SBDT.Complete blood counts,detailed biochemical analysis,spirometric measurements and arterial blood gas analysis were carried out at admission.In addition,the following were recorded:adverse effects,discharging percentage of patients at 10 day and 15 day after hospitalization,exacerbation and re-hospitalization ratio within 1month after discharge.Results The improvement of SO2,PO2,FEV1 and discharge rates was ( 5.3± 0.9 ) %、(5.9 ±0.4)%、(8.7 ±0.5)% ,(8.1 ±0.8)%,(4.9 ±0.4)% and (7.2 ±0.5)% ,which were higher than that in SBDT group.These indexes were not different between 2 group and 3 group.The fraction of patients discharged on the 10th day and 15th were not different.The deteriorate rate was higher in 1 group than in 2 group and 3 group(P ＜0.05 ).Re-admission ratio in one month is higher in 1 group( 12% ) than in 2 group( 5% ) and 3 group(9% ) ( P ＜0.05 ).Absolute blood glucose level was found to be significantly higher in group 2 in 10th day (7.4 ± 1.6)mmol/L,which is greater than that in 1 group ( 5.1 ± 0.8 ) mmol/L and 3 group ( 5.6 ± 1.2 ) mmol/L ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Dysphoria and deliration appear in one patient in group 2.Conclusions Nebulised budesonide,an effective and safe alternative to systemic corticosteroids in treatment of exacerbated COPD,may substitute systemic corticosteroids in clinical practice.

AIM:To study the parameters of supercritical CO_2 extraction of essential oil from valeriana efficinalis by orthogonal design. METHODS: Four factors,such as extraction pressure,extraction temperature,extraction time and separation temperature were chosen by the observation of orthogonal design,each factor was assigned to three levels.Bornyl acetate content was selected as a marker in a position to determine optimal extraction. RESULTS: Pressure and temperature were the main factors in effecting the extraction of bornyl acetate,extraction time was minor factor relatively. CONCLUSION: The optimal extraction is as follow,parameters were extraction pressure:12 MPa,extraction temperature:45 ℃,extraction time:1 hour,separation temperature:35 ℃,it gave the best recoveries of essential oils and bornylacetate.

[Objective] To set up an optimized protocol for aneuploidy detection from single cells through Array- Comparative Genetic Hybridization (CGH).[Method] Two cell lines,trisomy 18 (Tri-18;GM02732,47,XY,+18) and chromosome 4 segment deletion [sDel-4;GM00343,46,XY,4(del) (qter ＞ p14)],were used in the study.In combination of 10 k 2.0 SNP mapping array platform and multiple displacement amplification (MDA),the diagnostic accurate rates of MDA product from single cells of the two cell lines using gDNA and single-cell MDA product as reference were compared.[Result] An extremely lower call rate (3.2 ± 1.2)% in the negative control group was observed compared to the experiment groups.When the single-cell MDA product was used as reference,the standard deviations of Log2 (signal intensity ratio) were significantly decreased in both groups,compared with when the gDNA as reference (P ＝ 0.004).Through CNAT analytic software,some specific chromosomes (16,17,19,and 22) presented obvious preferential amplification (PA) when the gDNA was used as reference,but this PA could be eliminated when single-cell MDA product was used as reference.[Conclusion] 10 k 2.0 SNP mapping array in combination with MDA could be a quick,highly efficient and accurate method to detect aneuploidy in single cells.

To evaluate the value of left ventricular diastolic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) using dual-gate Doppler and relative factors, we included 50 non-obesity and hypertension-free DM patients into the controlled group in the study along with 48 age-and-gender-matched healthy volunteer subjects. The peak early diastolic velocity (E), peak later diastolic velocity (A), deceleration time (DT), anterior mitral annulus diastolic peak velocity (e') , isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), E/A, E/e', Tei index and T(E-e), were measured with dual-gate Doppler. 20 subjects were randomly selected for repetitive analysis. Study showed statistical difference in E/A, DT, e', E/e', IVRT, Tei index and T(E-e), between the two groups (P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed positive correlation between T(E-e), and IVRT, course of DM patients and T(E-e), (Beta = 0.295, P = 0.020), and HbA1c control level and T(E-e), (Beta = 0.399, P = 0.010). Repeated analysis showed good reproducibility for both within and between groups. Dual-gate Doppler has clinical value in evaluating left ventricular diastolic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The course of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and HbA(1C) control level were both closely related with left ventricular diastolic function.
Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; physiopathology ; Diastole ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mitral Valve ; Regression Analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; Ventricular Function, Left

Objective To observe the expression of Cathepsin S in the human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) perfusion induced AAA lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient(ApoE-/-) mice.Methods AAA specimens of clinical diagnosis patients(AAA group) and the normal blood vessels(control group)were collected.The AAA model was established by infused Ang Ⅱ 1 000ng · kg-1 · d-1 to ApoE-/-mice.Elastic fibersfracture was observed by elastic fiber staining and Cathepsin S expression by immunohistochemistry.Results The elastic fiber staining revealed that the elastic fibers fracture of the human and mouse AAA group increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05) ; Cathepsin S expression significantly increased in the human and mouse AAA group than the control group by immunohistochemistry(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Cathepsin S is activated in human and murine AAA lesions and may be involved in the pathogenesis of AAA.

【Objective】To perform preimplanation genetic diagnosis by using dual color fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH).【Methods】The chemical and mechanical division methods were used to perform embryo biopsy in 3 cases of Robertsonian translocation t (13q14q).Vysis LSI 13q14 and Tel Vysion 14q probes were used to detect the blastomeres biopsied from the IVF embryos of the patients.FISH analysis was performed to select normal or balanced karyotype embryos ,which then were transfered into the uterus.【Results】Total of 23 oocytes were retrieved in 3 treatment cycles.Fertilization rate was 79%.14 embryos were available for embryo biopsy.Among them,9 embryos were biopsied by chemical division method,with further cleavage rate of 67%;5 embryos were biopsied by mechanical division method,with further cleavage rate of 40%.Single embryo was diagnosed as normal karyotype or balanced respectively in 2 treatment cycles.Both of them were transfered into the uterus.One clinical normal on-going pregnancy was achieved,the diagnosis was confirmed by amniocyte karyotype analysis.【Conclusion】Preimplanation genetic diagnosis can be used to resolve the problem of fertility for Robertsonian Translocation Carriers.

Inthis study, the DNA fragment encoding the regions Ⅰ to Ⅱ of CSP gene from Plasmodium falciparm isolate FCC1/HN was cloned into an. expression vector pcDNA3 contained cytomegalovius (CMV) and transformed into human Hela cell line. The expressed protein PfCSP (condidate vaccine) was used to immunize BALB/c mice by subcutaneous、 intravenous or intraperitoneal administration respectively. The splenocyte of BALB/c mice immumized with the condidate vaccine released significantly IL-2 and IFN-γ following stimulation with this vaccine. It is associated with increase of the splenic T lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by this vaccine and enhancement of NK cell killing activity in the former studies. These results suggested that the vaccine could stimulate T cell response and enhance the cell-mediated immunity.

Objective To compare the diagnostic efficiency between blastomere preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and polar body PGD for chromosomal translocation carriers. Methods Group A had 8 cycles using whole painting probes for the first polar body diagnosis, while group B had 29 cycles using two subtelomeric probes and one centromeric probe for the blastomere diagnosis. Results The fertilization rate of group A was significantly lower than group B [66. 1% (72/109) vs 85.2% (304/357) , P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in the successful biopsy rate between two groups. However, group A had a significantly higher loss rate during fixation and higher no signal rate after fluorescence in situ hybridization [ FISH, 9. 6% (12/104) vs 1.6% (4/252), 11.2% (10/89) vs 3.0% (7/233) ]. Totally, the diagnostic efficiency in group A (72. 5% ,79/109 ) was significantly lower than that in group B( 89. 8%, 230/256, P < 0. 05 ). Although both the clinical pregnancy rate( 3/7 ) and implantation rate( 22. 2% ,4/18 ) of group A were higher, the differences were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion Both methods can be used efficiently in the PGD for chromosomal translocation carriers. Blastomere PGD has a higher diagnostic rate.