Objective:To investigate the stress distribution of mandibular implant-supported complete overdenture and supporting tissue with different location of implants.Methods:By three-dimentional finite element method, the stress distribution in the supporting tissue and overdenture supported by implants located in the interforaminal region or bilateral canines and first molars area was analyzed.Results:The overdenture supported by implants located in the interforaminal region showed poor oblique loading resistance, the peak value of stress in implant-bone interface was 2.4-9.2 times higher than that of vertial loading. Under vertical or oblique loading conditions, there was higher stress concentration in implants and base plates. The overdenture supported by implants located in bilateral canions and first molars area manifested better mechanical characteristic, the peak value of stress in supporting tissue was in the physiological range of bone.Conclusion:The location of implants in molar area can enhance the ability of overdenture to resist oblique loading, reduce the peak value of stress in implant-bone interface.

Objective To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition (EN) on the T lymphocytes-mediated immune function in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods Totally 79 AIDS patients were randomly divided into enteral nutrition ( EN ) group ( supported with EN daily in addition to conventional treatment; n = 46) and control group (underwent conventional treatment only; n = 33 ). T lymphocytes including CD3, CD4, and CD8 cells as well as blood biochemical parameters including alanine aminotransferase ( ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose ( Glu ), total protein (TP), albumin ( ALB ), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) , Cr, and prealbumin (PA) were determined immediately before management (T0) and on the 30th day(T1). Results ALT, AST, Glu, TP, ALB, BUN, Cr, and PA showed no significant differences between these two groups before management ( all P ＞ 0. 05 ). The levels of TP ( P = 0. 015), ALB ( P = 0. 007 ), and PA ( P =0. 022 ) were significantly higher in EN group than those in control group at T1. The cell counts of CD3, CD4, and CD8 were not significantly different at T0, while the cell count of CD4 was significantly higher in EN group than that in control group at T1 ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion EN can improve the nutritional status and T lymphocytesmediated immune function in AIDS patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of low dose 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) combined with triamcinolone in the treatment of keloids, comparing with results with use of triamcinolone treatment alone.Methods Patient records from 2012 to 2013 were reviewed.45 patients (56 keloids) were completely randomized into 2 groups.Low dose of 5-Fu combined with triamcinolone were used to treat keloids in group A, while triamcinolone alone was used in group B.The therapeutic effects were evaluated by the certification of excellent remission, remission, inefficacy and total efficacy.The results were analyzed with statistics.Results In group A (27 keloids), the excellent remission cases were 16 (59.3%), the remission cases were 9 (33.3%), and the inefficacy cases were 2 (7.4%).The total percentage of efficacy in group A was 92.6%.In group B (29 keloids), the excellent remission cases were 9 (31.0%), the remission cases were 12 (41.4%), and the inefficacy cases were 8 (27.6%).The total therapy efficacy percentage of group B was 72.4%.Both the total percentage of efficacy and the excellent remission percentage in group A were apparently higher than those of group B, and the differences between the two groups were of statistical significance (P<0.05).The recurrence rates of group A were 3.7% (one case) while that of group B were 24.1% (7 cases).The differences between the two groups were also of statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusions Low dose 5-Fu combined with triamcinolone is superior to intralesional triamcinolone therapy alone in the treatment of keloids.

Exosomes are nanosized lipid vesicles released from cells .They are believed to contain proteins, lipids and nucleic acid cargos , and are capable of deliver their cargos to recipient cells , which in turn alter the expression of genes in neighboring cells .An increasing body of evidence indicates that they play a pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication , which is hijacked during various physiological and pathological conditions , such as myocardial damage , angiogenesis , cardiac remodeling and atherogenesis plaque formation .Further research of intercellular communication mediated by exosomes may potentially aid in the possible application of exosomes for biomarker discovery , curative effects , as well as prognosis of cardiovascular diseases , even the use of exosomes as a therapeutic drug delivery system on the basis of the exosome′s ability to target specific cells , and transfer genetic materials.

Objective To investigate the effect and clinical value of color Doppler ultrasound detection of blood flow parameters and vascular diameter in carotid artery and vertebral artery.Methods 150 healthcases were collected as the study objects.According to the age and gender differences, making a detailed classification, color Doppler ultrasound was used to detected the internal carotid artery, vertebral artery and the carotid artery.Results As age grows,the blood flow velocity decreases,and the pulsatility index( PI) and resistance index( RI) has no obvi-ous relation with age;There were positive correlation between the diameter of the carotid artery and vertebral artery and age( P<0.05) ,and the male population the diameter of the carotid artery was significantly wider than that of the female population(P<0.05),left vertebral artery diameter was significantly wider than that of the right side(P<0.05).Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound detection can let us get detailed carotid and vertebral artery anatomy and blood supply of information,which is good to diagnosis cerebrovascular disease.

Objective To investigate the incidence of heterotopic ossification in cervical artificial disc replacement in Chinese mainland population by meta-analysis.Methods The related literatures published between 1997 and June 2012 were collected from both English databases,including Pubmed,Ovid,Cochrane library and Embase,and Chinese databases including Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,VIP database and Wanfang database.Literatures were selected in strict accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Studies providing data of prevalence of heterotopic ossification after cervical artificial disc replacement in Chinese mainland population were included.The information of literatures was extracted by excerpts questionnaire,and recorded by two independent researchers.I2 was calculated to test heterogeneity among studies.A random effects model was used if I2 ≥25％.Subgroup analysis was done according to the number of levels of disc replacement,brands of implants and duration of follow-up.Sensitivity analysis was done according to the sample size.The Meta-Analyst software was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of forty studies (1822 cases) were included in this study.The pooled incidence of heterotopic ossification was 7.3％ (95％CI:4.7％ to 11.0％).For single and mixed level disc replacement,the incidence was 11.6％ and 5.8％,respectively.For single and mixed level disc replacement using Bryan disc,the incidence was 13.8％ and 5.4％,respectively,and the total incidence was 7.2％.No matter the single or mixed level disc replacement,the incidence of heterotopic ossification increased with follow-up.Conclusion The incidence of heterotopic ossification in cervical artificial disc replacement is high in Chinese mainland population,while it is lower than in foreigners.However,it is necessary to monitor its long-term incidence due to its increase with follow-up.

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the clinical outcomes and improvement of clivo-axial angle (CAA) during the posterior approach surgery of upper cervical anomaly instability patients.Methods All of 32 patients with symptomatic upper cervical anomaly instability were followed up from 2004 Apr.to 2014 Aug.in which 1 patient was excluded because of reoperation.There were 10 patients with OS odontiodeum,5 with odontoid deformity,4 with Klipple-Feil syndrome,4 with atlantoaxial dislocation,4 with atlantoaxial instability,1 with rheumatoid arthritis,1 with old odontoid fracture,1 with OS odontoideum and foramen magnum stenosis,1 with basilarinvagination and Klipple-Feil syndrome.They were all performed posterior reduction internal fixation and fusion,and then released spinal cord compression with the promotion of CAA.The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of decompression or not:non-decompression group 17 cases (male 8 cases,female 9 cases;age 13-65 years old,average 50.1 years old) and decompression group 14 cases (male 7 cases,female 7 cases;age 19-68 years old,average 49.6 years old).The CAA numbers were measured and compared.The clinic date was compared between preoperatively and postoperatively,which included Neck Disability Index and Nurick Classification System for Myelopathy.Results All patients were followed up,the follow-up time of non-decompression group was 0.7-10.7 years,average 2.9 years;the follow-up time of compression group was 0.3-5.5 years,average 2.9 years.Analysis of CAA,NDI and Nurick score were performed with t-test.The postoperative CAA,NDI and Nurick score improved significantly compared to preoperative ones.There was no difference between non-decompression group and decompression group.One patient felt nausea and vomited,one got soleal vein thrombosis,one had a swelling face and blurring vision and one had decompression syndrome after operation,all of these were improved using respectively therapy.No such serious complications as injury to vertebral artery,infection or internal fixation loosening occurred.Conclusion Neck ability and spinal cord function was significantly improved through increasing CAA for the upper cervical anomaly instability patients underwent posterior reduction internal fixation and fusion.

The immune system is a complex system involving multiple organs,and it is vulnerable to age,gender,environment and other factors.For a variation normal physiological range,it is a great challenge to evaluate drug-induced immunotoxicity in preclinical safety study.Histomorphologic assessment of the immune system is a recognized cornerstone in the identification of immunotoxicity at present.In this paper,the principles of pathological evaluation for immune system,and pathological evaluation for important immune organs including thymus,spleen,lymph nodes are discussed briefly,so that it is intended to assist toxicity pathologists in the accurate and consistent characterization of intended and unintended drug-induced alterations of the immune system.

Objective To observe the alterations in brain gray matter volume(GMV)in idiopathic generalized epilepsy(IGE)patients with typical absence seizure. Methods Nine IGE patients with typical absence seizure and 16 healthy volunteers were prospectively recruited from People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2012 to January 2014. By using a 3. 0T magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and voxel - based morphometry(VBM)method, their whole brain structures and their brain GMV were scanned and analyzed,respectively,then the changes in GMV were observed. Results Compared with healthy control group,brain GMV extensively decreased in IGE patients with typical absence seizure. Thirteen regions with significant differences were as follows:the right rectal gyrus(t = 3. 13,P ﹤0. 01),the left rectal gyrus(t = 4. 82,P ﹤ 0. 01),the right calcarine/ cuneus/ gyrus lingualis/ occipital gyrus/ inferior oc-cipital gyrus(t = 6. 86,P ﹤ 0. 01),right gyrus lingualis(t = 4. 01,P ﹤ 0. 01),the left gyrus lingualis/ inferior occipital gyrus(t = 3. 73,P ﹤ 0. 01),the left inferior occipital gyrus/ gyrus lingualis(t = 5. 42,P ﹤ 0. 01),the left middle occipi-tal gyrus(t = 3. 76,P ﹤ 0. 01),the right middle occipital gyrus/ superior occipital gyrus/ middle temporal gyrus( t =3. 85,P ﹤ 0. 01),left middle temporal gyrus/ superior temporal gyrus(t = 5. 06,P ﹤ 0. 01),the right precuneus/ cuneus (t = 3. 33,P ﹤ 0. 01),and the right superior parietal lo-bule(t = 3. 66,P ﹤ 0. 01),right precentral gyrus(t = 3. 44,P ﹤0. 01),right superior frontal gyrus/ paracentral lobule/ supplementary motor area(t = 3. 50,P ﹤ 0. 01). However,GMV increase was not found. Conclusions Brain GMV extensively decreased in 13 brain regions of IGE patients with typical absence seizure,and among them occipital lobe is the most significant.

Objective To study the effect of carotid artery stenting (CAS) on rCBF and rCVR.Methods Seventeen patients with unilateral internal carotid artery symptomatic severe stenosis who underwent CAS in our hospital were included in this study.Their rCBF volume and rCVR were measured by single photon emission CT scanning combined with CO2 loading test 1 week be fore and 3 months after CAS.Their data were analyzed according to the ROI in ipsilateral middle cerebral artery blood supply territory.Results Sixty eight ROIs were detected in the 17 patients with impaired rCBF in 16 ROIs (23.5％) before CAS.The mean improved rate of rCBF was significantly higher in impaired rCBF and rCVR ROI before CAS than that of rCBF in normal and impaired rCVR ROI after CAS (P=0.001).The mean improved rate of rCVR was significantly higher in normal rCBF and impaired rCVR ROI after CAS than before CAS (P=0.014).The improved rate of rCBF was significantly higher in impaired rCBF and rCVR ROI after CAS than that of normal and impaired rCVR ROI before CAS (81.3％ vs 50.0％,P=0.027).The improved rate of rCVR was significantly higher in normal rCBF ROI and impaired rCVR ROI before CAS than in impaired rCBF and rCVR ROI after CAS (59.6％ vs 31.3％,P=0.047).Conclusion CAS can improve the ROI rCBF and rCVR in patients with unilateral ICA symptomatic severe stenosis.Its modified model is closely related with rCBF before CAS.