Retrohepatic inferior vena cava (RIVC) begins at the base of renal vein and ends at the right atrium. Left, middle, right hepatic vein, inferior right hepatic vein etc. run into it. The major part of RIVC is wrapped in the caudate lobe of liver. It is adjacent to the abdominal trunk and vertebral body, having important anatomical significance. Inferior vena cava tumor thrombus includes two types. One is tumor thrombus formations in the RIVC. The other is direct invasion of tumor into RIVC wall. These two types correspond to different surgical treatment methods. The cancer thrombus in the vena cava can be treated by thrombus removal, while the tumor invading the vena cava wall requires resection of the invaded vascular wall and vascular reconstruction. Regardless of the types, improper surgical treatment is easy to cause injury and bleeding, leading to severe consequences. In this article, the main points of surgical management of different types of cancer thrombus in RIVC are introduced, providing methods to handle them.

Objective:To explore whether working memory span training can expand working memory capacity.Methods:A randomized controlled trial design was adopted and a total of 60 healthy college students were recruited and randomly divided into training group ( n=30, receiving adaptive training of spatial breadth task) and control group ( n=30, receiving non-adaptive training of low difficulty spatial breadth task). The cognitive behavior and event-related potential (ERP) data of all subjects when completing the change awareness task were collected before and after training.The SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. The differences between the training group and the control group before and after training were compared by repeated measurement analysis of variance. Results:Repeated measurement ANOVA showed that there were significant time and group interactions at the levels of cognitive behavior(K score, F=5.352, P=0.025) and ERP (CDA, F=4.644, P=0.037) levels. Further post test found that compared with pre-training (pre-test), the K-score ((0.51±0.93), (1.61±1.07), F=26.81, P<0.001) and CDA ((-1.49±1.07)μV, (-2.03±0.94)μV, F=4.731, P=0.041) of the training group increased significantly after training (post-test), and there was no significant difference in K-score and CDA of the control group before and after training (boh P>0.05). Conclusion:Working memory span task can be used as an effective training paradigm to improve working memory capacity.

The caudate lobe of liver is anatomically divided into three parts: Spiegel portion, inferior vena cava portion and caudate process. The caudate lobe of the liver is located in the dorsal side of the liver, adjacent to the inferior vena cava, the three hepatic veins, and the left and right portal veins. The location of the caudate lobe depends on the location of anatomical landmarks and the location of staining, especially negative staining techniques. The left approach is suitable for Spiegel resection, and the right approach is suitable for paracentral resection of the inferior vena cava and caudate process. The dorsal approach and anterior approach combined with other approaches can achieve complete caudate resection. This article showed the combination of multimodal approach with total caudate lobectomy, partial caudate lobectomy and laparoscopic caudate lobectomy.