0.05);one week after surgery,the fasting blood glucose level showed a sustained and steady downward trend(P0.05).Conclusions Gastric bypass operation has a good therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetes in the non-obese patients,and this therapeutic effect is not dependent on loss of body weight.

Objective To investigate the main causes and risk factors of recurrent retinal detachment (RRD) after silicone oil removal (SOR) in eyes with complex retinal detachment.Methods It was a retrospective case series study.A total of 458 eyes of 455 consecutive patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade were recruited in this study.All patients underwent vitrectomy operation.Additionally,they were given heavy water,membrane peeling,retinotomy or partial cutting,intraocular laser photocoagulation or frozen,gas-liquid exchange or direct oil exchange operation accordingly.Ninety-eight eyes with multiple holes,old retinal detachment,hyperplasia and serious traction lesions underwent scleral buckling surgery simultaneously.Intravitreal silicone oil was padded at the end of operation.Cutting,stripping or resection and 360° preventive laser photocoagulation were applied while the epiretinal membrane was found and need treatment during SOR.Holes or suspicious hiatus underwent intraocular laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy during the operation.One week after SOR and during follow-up,the visual acuity,intraocular pressure (IOP),slit lamp microscope,and ophthalmoscope examination were examined with the same technique and methods as preoperation.The eyes were divide into two groups based on the attachment status of retina after SOR,which were reattached group (419 eyes) and redetached group (39 eyes) respectively.The following data were recorded.,the age of patients,ocular axial length,logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and IOP before vitrectomy operation and before and after SOR,the number of retinal breaks,the duration of silicone oil filling,the duration of follow-up,and the related factors during vitrectomy operation and SOR.The relation of age,sex,high myopia,the size and location of holes,aphakic eye,proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) C3 level and above,previous history of failed retinal detachment operation,360° preventive laser photocoagulation,assistant scleral buckling surgery,SOR via corneal puncture to RRD after SOR were analyzed.Odds ratio (OR) and its 95％ confidence interval (CI) were calculated for the age ＜40 years old and gender.High myopia,assistant scleral buckling surgery and SOR via corneal puncture were further analyzed by multiple regression equation.Results After SOR operation,the total average logMAR BCVA was 0.86 ± 0.63.The average logMAR BCVA was 0.82 ± 0.59 and 0.99 ± 0.70 respectively for the reattached and redetached groups,which was not statistically different (F=1.559,P＞0.05).The number of high myopia eyes in the reattached and redetached groups were 116 and 22 eyes,respectively,accounted for 27.7 ％ and 56.4 ％,and the difference was statistically significant (x2=13.984,P＜0.01).Three eyes underwent vitrectomy with scleral buckling occured RRD,accounting for 3.1％; while 36 eyes underwent vitrectomy without scleral buckling occured RRD,accounting for 10.0％.The incidence of RRD between them was statistically significant (x2 =4.761,P＜0.05).The incidence of RRD was not retated to the PVR levels before the operation,previous history of failed retinal detachment operation,aphakic eye and preventive laser photocoagulation (OR=1.626,1.699,1.986,0.709; 95％ CI:0.836-3.162,0.832-3.658,0.921-4.279,0.268-1.875; P＞0.05).RRD had a close relation with high myopia and assistant scleral buckling surgery (OR=3.380,0.284; 95％CI:1.733-6.595,0.086-0.944; P＜0.05).The raise of risk derived from SOR via corneal puncture had no statistical significance (OR=2.119; 95％CI:1.043-4.306; P＞0.05).The incidence of RRD after SOR was 8.5％; of which,35.9％ originated from new breaks and 69.2％ were related to new breaks,in contrast,only 5.1％ originated from PVR but 51.3％ were related to PVR.Conclusions High myopia is an independent prognostic risk factor of RRD after SOR.Combined scleral buckling surgery is a protective factor of RRD after SOR.To the well reattached eyes before SOR,the new breaks seems to be the main cause of RRD,wheras PVR was probably a secondary phenomenon.

Objective To retrospectively review the efficacy and side effects of intense pulsed light (IPL) and red light emitting diode (LED) in the treatment of steroid-dependent dermatitis.Methods Seventy patients with steroid-dependent dermatitis mainly manifesting as facial telangiectasis were treated with IPL for an average of 3.49 sessions with a 4-week interval.The energy density of IPL varied from 20 to 23 J/cm2,pulse width from 2.6 to 5.0 ms,and delay from 15 to 20 ms.Meantime,197 patients with steroid-dependent dermatitis,who mainly presented with facial skin sensitivity,were treated with red LED (633 ± 3 nm wave length) twice a week for an average of 4.23 sessions.The energy density of red LED was 128 J/cm2,and the irradiation lasted 20 minutes at each treatment.The efficacy and adverse reactions were assessed and recorded for each treatment.Results The total response rate was 88.57％ for IPL,and 83.76％ for red LED.There was a significant difference in the clinical efficacy between triple-pulse and double-pulse IPL (x2 =8.14,P ＜ 0.05).No severe adverse reaction was observed in any of the patients.Conclusion IPL and red LED are both effective in treating steroid-dependent dermatitis.

To study the effects of Xuesaitong Injection, an extract from a Chinese herbal medicine, on coagulation function of gastric cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Expression conditions of induction strategies for the cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IBs) production of liver targeted interferon IFN-CSP by recombinant Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 (DE3) were optimized in shake-flask cultures in this study. The factors of the optimized protocol included in the present study were pH, inducer IPTG (isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside) concentration, culture growth temperature, incubation time and induction point. The effects of those factors were investigated by 'single variable at a time' method, aimed to analyze characterization of the recombinant strain. Orthogonal experimental design was further used to optimize the above critical factors for IFN-CSP production. According to the expression optimization result, it was confirmed that the main influence factors were cell density and induction temperature. The IFN-CSP gene expression optimized conditions were: pH value of the culture medium was 6.0, culture temperature 37 degrees C, adding IPTG to final concentration 0.4 mmol/L when the recombinant strain growth density OD600 achieved 0.8 and induction time 4 h. At this point, the IBs represented 74.3% of the total cellular protein. Compared with the non-optimized condition, IFN-CSP production obtained in optimized induction strategies were increased by approx. 1.2-fold. The optimized induction strategy yielded 688.8 mg/L of IFN-CSP, providing experimental data to study the biology activity and productive technology of IFN-CSP.
Biotechnology ; methods ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Interferons ; biosynthesis ; Liver ; Temperature

BACKGROUND; Authors have proposed the hypothesis that, the mechanism change may result in the mismatch between the energy production and energy consumption during the aerobic exercise, and pyruvate can be transformed into lactic acid, which may prevent the accumulation of pyruvate in cytoplasm and in the energy production of glycolysis so as to ensure the fast energy supply in zymolysis; the mechanism of this biochemical event may be the adjustment of energizing velocity via glycomechanism zymolysis.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of oxygen inhalation on metabolic transition, study the mechanism of metabolic transition under the lactate threshold intensity in human body and animal, and verify the result consistency between the two.DESIGN: Randomized control observation.SETTING: Department of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University; Department of Physical Education, Langfang Teachers College.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 24 male university students majoring physical education were adopted, weight (58±4) kg,height (175±6) cm, age (21 ±2) years. They were consisted of 12 Level B national athletes and12 common students.Additionally 30 SD male rats were used.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Physical and Physiological Function, Department of Physical Education in Hebei Normal University from April to June in 2006. Twenty-four students were recruited to exercise incrementally in ergometer; in addition, thirty SD rats were assigned to swim incrementally, 15 rats in each group. First, the intensities of metabolic transition were determined, then the exercise protocol was repeated on the conditions of inhaling and not inhaling oxygen. For student group, 50 W loading was incremented every 2 minutes, while the rats were added with 1% of their weights until unacceptable. Gradually incremented loading was used to transform the aerobic mechanism to anaerobic mechanism. The vein blood oxygen partial pressure, pyruvate and lactate contents were measured before and during the exercise (lactate threshold intensity) to evidence the reliability and validity of hypothesis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The vein blood oxygen partial pressure, pyruvate and lactate contents under lactate threshold intensity and oxygen inhaling supplementary.RESULTS: All 24 testees and 30 rats were involved in the result analysis. ①During the gradually incremented exercise,the lactic acid curve obtained at the end of 2-minute loading showed the difference of metabolic transition intensity and training level in accordance with individual lactic acid threshold, which was obviously lower in the trained exercisers.②Under the lactate threshold intensity, the blood lactate was not correlated to the oxygen partial pressure whether in human body or rats and whether inhaling oxygen or not [(3.61±0.56), (5.43±0.55) mmol/L; (4.46±0.86), (7.80±0.27) kPa,r =0.31, 0.31, P ＞ 0.05]; there was significant difference between the blood lactate and pyruvate contents [(1.04±0.16),(0.91±0.37) mmol/L, P ＜ 0.001]. The human body's saturation of blood oxygen was no less than 98% during the entire protocol. ③Under the repeated exercise and lactate threshold intensity, the pyruvate average value was (0.97±0.17),(1.04±0.16) mmol/L; (0.93±0.25), (0.91 ±0.37) mmol/L, respectively. There was no significant difference between the blood pyruvate before the exercise and under the lactate threshold intensity in both human body and animals (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: There is no hypoxia at the transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Oxygen inhaling supplementary has no influence on the mechanism transition; It is not easy for the pyruvate to pass the myocyte membrane, but the lactate can. The result demonstrates that the pyruvate can transform to lactate directly, which can also prevent the accumulation of pyruvate in kytoplasm.

Objective To investigate the relationship of S100B protein expression and the pathogenesis of early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia.Methods Sixty patients with preeclampsia who received caesarean section at Qingdao Municipal Hospital from October 2010 to September 2011 were enrolled in this study.Thirty cases were early-onset preeclampsia( referred as early-onset preeclampsia group,＜ 34 weeks),and the other 30 cases were late-onset preeclampsia (referred as late-onset preeclampsia group,≥34 weeks).Thirty women who received caesarean section because of pelvic structural deformities,breech presentation,macrosomia and social factors were included as the control group.The expression of S100B mRNA in the placenta was detected by reverse transcription ( RT)-PCR.The expression of S100B protein in the placenta was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results ( 1 ) S100B mRNA was expressed in the trophoblasts of preeclampsia and control groups.The expression of S100B mRNA in early-onset preeclampsia group (0.73 ±0.11 ) was significantly higher than the control group (0.58 ±0.08) and lateonset preeclampsia group (0.64 ±0.10,P ＜0.05 ).There was no significant difference between late-onset preeclampsia group and the control group ( P ＞ 0.05 ).(2) S100B protein was expressed in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of the trophoblasts,correlated positively with the brownish yellow and brown particles inside the cells.It was expressed in all the three groups.Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression of S100B protein in the placenta of early-onset preeclampsia group was 100％ (30/30),significantly higher than those of late-onset preeclampsia group and the control group,in which the positive rate were 70％ (21/30) and 63％ (19/30) respectively (P ＜0.05).There was no difference between late onset preeclampsia group and the control group (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia may have different etiology and pathogenesis.S100B may be a factor in the pathogenesis of early-onset preeclampsia.

Objective To discuss the short-term outcomes of uncemented APL stem hip hemiarthroplasty for unstable intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients.Methods From July 2008 to December 2011,26 cases of intertrochanteric fractures were treated by hemiarthroplasty using uncemented APL stem.There were 10 men and 16 women with a mean age of 82.5 years (range,75-94 years).According to EvansJensen classification system,16 cases were type Ⅱ fractures,the other 10 were type Ⅲ.Results The mean operation time was 56 min (range,48 to 72 min).The average blood loss during the operation was 360 ml (range,240-600 ml).One of the patients died in the perioperative period,2 died during the follow-up.The other 23 patients were followed up with an average of 21.5 months (range,12-42 months).The patients were encouraged to walk with aid about 2-3 weeks postoperatively.Three months after the operation,the walking ability were almost recovered to pre-injury level in 21 cases.The acetabular wear,the prosthetic loosening and subsidence were not found.The complications included 1 case of cerebral infarction,1 case of deep venous thrombosis,2 urinary infection,1 skin ulcer due to the long-term use of cortical steroid and 2 heterotopic ossifications.According to Harris hip score,12 cases were classified as excellent,10 cases as good and 1 case as fair.Conclusion Hemiarthroplasty using uncemented APL stem is an effective way to treat the unstable intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients.The quality of life of the elderly patients can be improved due to early mobilization after the surgery.

Objective To explore the mid-term efficacy of biological type,long-stem artificial caput femo-ris replacement operation in the treatment of unstable senile intertrochanteric fracture.Methods 73 patients accepted the treatment of biological type long-stem artificial caput femoris replacement operation,and 64 cases were followed. After 3 months of operation,these 64 patients were divided into four groups which marked as A,B,C and D according to the Berg balance scale(BBS).Accordingly,54 patients that in grade A,B and C would be brought into in long-term follow-up study.54 cases include 25 male patients and 29 female patients with an average age of 81.6 years old who aged from 73 to 94 years old.According to Evans-Jensen classification,28 cases were Evans-JensenⅡand the left 26 cases were Evans -JensenⅢ.Results The follow-up period was in the range of 24 to78 months (mean 42months).During this period,except the 9 death cases,there was no case of femoral trochanteric ununited fracture, femoral prostheses loosening or dislocation of hip joint.In total,3 cases occurred with loss of fixing wire,4 cases occurred with acetabular wear,one case was experienced prosthesis adjacent fracture and three cases of heterotopic ossification.According to the Engh standard,all femoral prostheses got osseous fixation.The rate of excellent and good result were 88.9%with in which excellent in 23 cases and good in 17 cases.Conclusion The application of biological type long-stem artificial caput femoris replacement in the treatment of unstable senile intertrochanteric fracture can achieve satisfactory mid-term efficiency.