Objective　To study the prognostic factors in cholangocarcinoma(CC). Methods　Retrospective analysis of the reported clinical data of CC in lectures. Results and Conclusions　The prognosis of CC in lower portion of bile duct(BD) is much better, CC in meddle portion of BD take the second place of prognosis, CC in upper portion of BD has the worst prognosis. If CC with following cases, which would have much better prognosis: higher differentiation without metastasis, diploid, higher PCNA; if CC with negative expression of epithelial membrane antigen or keratine, which would have worse prognosis. The activate of type IV collegen is related linearly to the metastasis capacity of the tumor, and the expression of nm23 of tumor is related to invation, lymphatic metastasis and prognosis of the tumor. Radical resection of the tumor has the best effect, palliative resection take the second place of prognosis, internal or external drainage operation has the worst effect. The effect of local radiotherapy is limited, and chemotherapy showes no effect. Early diagnosis, radical or extending resection and combined therapy can improve the prognosis of CC.

Objective: To study the effect of hydroxynaphthoquinone extract from Lithospermum enythrorhizon on the inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritoneal macrophage RAW264.7 cells of mice and on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the TNBS-induced rat model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: The hydroxynaphthoquinone fraction was extracted from L. enythrorhizon. The inhibition of hydroxynaphthoquinone on the inflammatory cytokines was tested by ELISA method. The IBD rat model was induced with TNBS. After 24 h of the model induction, the rats were ig administered for 7 d, After 24 h of the last administration, all rats were killed and the expression of TNF-α in colon tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: The hydroxynaphthoquinone extract from L. enythrorhizon had the inhibition on TNF-α and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Compared with the model group, the expression level of TNF-α in the colon tissue of IBD rats induced by TNBS was significantly lower in hydroxynaphthoquinone extract groups. Conclusion: Hydroxynaphthoquinone extract from L. enythrorhizon has the inhibition on TNF-α and IL-1β, which provides a support for the development of hydroxynaphthoquinone extract from L. enythrorhizon into a therapeutical agent.

Objective: To determine the changes in peripheral plasma concentrations of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin -12 (IL-12) and interfoeron-γ(IFN-γ) in the patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and their correlations with HBV infection stage or HBV DNA load of HBV carriers. Methods: Data of 135 patients with chronic HBV infection from March 2016 to March 2017 were collected, the patients included 32 chronic HBV carriers, 61 with chronic hepatitis and 42 with cirrhosis. Forty healthy subjects served as controls. The concentrations of IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlation analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation test, which was performed to analyze the correlation between IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ and HBV infection stage, HBV DNA load of HBV carriers. Results: Compared with those in healthy controls, plasma IL-10 and IL-12 levels in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis increased significantly (F=22.06, 15.67, P=0.013, 0.021), plasma IL-10 and IL-12 levels in cirrhosis cases were higher than those in chronic hepatitis (all P<0.001), plasma IL-10 and IL-12 levels in chronic hepatitis were higher than those in chronic HBV carriers (all P<0.001). Plasma IFN-γ level in chronic HBV carriers, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (F=18.36, P=0.017). There were statistically significant differences in IFN-γ levels among the three groups in the chronic HBV carriers, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ levels of the low, medium and high HBV DNA load groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There was no correlation between IL-10 and HBV DNA. IFN-γ, IL-12 and HBV DNA load were negatively correlated. There was no correlation between IL-10 and IFN-γ (r=0.103, P>0.05), IL-12 and IFN-γ were significantly positively correlated (r=0.687, P<0.05). Conclusions IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ may play an important role in the chronic HBV infection.

The effect of CO2 and the manner of CO2 offer on the growth rate and maximual cell density of ultro-high density culture of Chaetoceros mulleri in the photobioreactor were studied in the work. The amount of CO2 offered to the culture was controlled by the parameter of pH value in the culture. Furthermore the growth kinetics of Chaetoceros muller in the photobioreactor was studied. The results showed requirement of CO2 by the cells and the increase of pH in the culture were the key limiting factors to the growth, when a high cell concentration in the culture was reached. The offer of CO2 could improve the statute of CO2, could control the pH in the culture and increase the growth rate and maximum cell density. The results from the experiments of CO2 offer manner showed different efficiency to growth was resulted from differences of CO2 offer manner. The best way is mixing the CO2 and air before the CO2 was offered to the culture.
Bioreactors ; Carbon Dioxide ; pharmacology ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques ; methods ; Diatoms ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of salvianolic acid A on content of cytochrome P450,cytochrome b5 and CYP1A2, CYP2E1 activities of rats.

METHODThe rats were randomly divided into two groups and each group contained 5 male rats and 5 female rats. One is control group, another is dosage group. The dosage group was injected salvianolic acid A into a rat tail vein at doses of 20 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) for 5 days. The control group was injected placebo into a rat tail vein at the same doses as the dosage group. The content of cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5 of rats were assayed using UV and CYP1A2, CYP2E1 activities were evaluated using probe substrate.

RESULTAfter salvianolic acid A was injected into rats tail vein for 5 days, the total content of cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5 and CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 activities have no statistical significance of differences than the control group.

CONCLUSIONSalvianolic acid A has no effects on CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 activities, indicating that there is no internation between salvianolic acid A and the drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 or CYP2E1.

Animals ; Caffeic Acids ; pharmacology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Cytochromes b5 ; metabolism ; Female ; Lactates ; pharmacology ; Male ; Microsomes, Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a global epidemic disease caused by hepatitis B virus that can lead to hepatic failure, even liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The occurrence and development of CHB are closely related to the changes in the gut microbiota communities. To explore the relationship between the structure of gut microbiota and liver biochemical indicators, 14 CHB patients (the CHB group) and 11 healthy people (the CN group) were randomly enrolled in this study. Our results demonstrate that CHB caused changes in the gut microbiota communities and biochemical indicators, such as alanine transaminase, total bilirubin and gamma glutamyl transferase. Furthermore, CHB induced imbalance of the gut microbiota. Prevotella, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium eligens group, Bacteroides uniformis and Ruminococcus sp. 5_1_39BFAA were associated with the critical biochemical indicators and liver injury, suggesting a new approach to CHB treatment.
Bacteroides ; Eubacterium ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of 6 conventional physical examination tests for the diagnosis of supraspinatus tendon tears, and how well they could tell the difference between partial-and full-thickness tears. METHODS: A total of 91 patients with different shoulder symptoms who received shoulder arthroscopic procedure were enrolled in the study from June 2017 to September 2020. The intraoperative findings were compared with the results of the preoperative physical examination of 6 clinical tests, including the Hug-up test, the Jobe test, the 0°abduction test, the drop arm test, the Neer test, and the Hawkins test, to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, accuracy, positive and negative likelihood ratio of each test. RESULTS: By arthroscopy, a total of 44 full-thickness tears, 34 partial-thickness tears, and 13 intact supraspinatus tendons were found in all 91 cases. The Hug-up and the Jobe tests significantly correlated with the intraoperative findings. The sensitivity of the Hug-up test, the Jobe test, the 0° abduction test, the drop arm test, the Neer test, and the Hawkins test was 0.90, 0.79, 0.64, 0.42, 0.49, 0.24 respectively;the specificity was 0.61, 0.69, 0.54, 0.38, 0.31, 0.77;the positive predictive value was 0.93, 0.94, 0.89, 0.80, 0.81, 0.86;the negative predictive value was 0.50, 0.36, 0.20, 0.10, 0.09, 0.14;the accuracy was 0.86, 0.78, 0.63, 0.42, 0.46, 0.32;the positive likelihood ratio was 2.30, 2.58, 1.39, 0.69, 0.71, 1.06;and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.16, 0.30, 0.67, 1.50, 1.65, 0.98. CONCLUSION The Jobe test and the Hug-up test are both effective at accurately diagnosing supraspinatus tendon tears, the Hug-up test detects supraspinatus tears with a high sensitivity, and similar specificity. The tests assessed in this study are not capable of distinguish between partial-and full thickness supraspinatus tendon tears.
Arthroscopy ; Humans ; Physical Examination/methods* ; Rotator Cuff ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/surgery* ; Tendons

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; physiopathology

Purpose: Seroma formation is a common complication in breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy, and it negatively affects patient recovery after surgery. The present study aimed to evaluate a simple method using fascia suture technique to fix the flap and reduce the incidence of seroma. Methods: A single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial was carried out among 160 patients who had undergone mastectomy from May 2018 to September 2019. All patients were randomly divided into the fascia suture group (n = 80) or control group (n = 80) and were followed up for at least 3 months for the assessment of immediate and late complications after surgery. Results: No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups with regard to the basic characteristics. Duration of surgery in the fascia suture group was longer by about 6 minutes compared with that in the control group (114.93 ± 13.67 minutes vs. 108.81 ± 15.20 minutes, p = 0.008). The fascia suture group had a shorter duration of drain placement (10.99 ± 3.26 days vs. 13.85 ± 5.37 days, p < 0.001), a smaller volume of the total drainage (460.95 ± 242.92 mL vs. 574.83 ± 285.23 mL, p = 0.007), and the first 3-day drainage (224.96 ± 101.01 mL vs. 272.3 ± 115.47 mL, p = 0.006), compared with the control group. The incidence of seroma formation (G2 or G3) was significantly lower in the fascia suture group compared with the control group (28.8% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.033). Besides, there was no statistical difference between the 2 groups in the assessment of other complications, including postoperative pain, hematoma, surgical site infections, flap necrosis, and skin dimpling (all p > 0.050). Conclusion The fascia suture technique is a simple and effective method for reducing seroma formation and should be used to prevent seroma formation after mastectomy.