Objective To review the research progress of functional magnetic resonance imaging in Self -referential Processing (SRP) of patients with Depression based on the papers published from 2004 to 2014 at abroad and domestic,with an attempted to explore the neuromechanism of depression and to provide reference for treatment of depression.Methods Major online database including PubMed,EBSCO,Ovid,Medline,Clinicalkey,Wan Fang,CNKI,Cqvip,and CBM date bases were searched in Octobor 2014.The key words we used are depressionor depressive disorder,Self-referential Processing or rumination orautobiographical memory or Self-face recognition, Functional Magnetic Resonance Inaging(tMRI)and so on.Results 28 studies were adopted in this study,findings from the study showed:①rumination,autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval,and self-face recognition(SFR) are SRP paradigms,the cortical midline structures (CMS)and default mode network (DMN) were involved in the SRP of depression.②Both medication and cognitive behavioral therapy could reduce the abnormal activation of CMS and DMN in patients with depression.Conclusioins ①Both CMS and DMN may be the neuromechanism of SRP of depression.②Both CMS and DMN may be used as objective indicators to evaluate the treatment response in patients with depression.

Objective:Understanding arthritis condition of rural residents of five countries in Liaoning province,analyzing their epidemiological factors,to further improve the prevention and treatment of arthritis and provide the basis for the promotion of Chinese medicine appropriate technologies.Methods:The cluster sampling method was used,at each of five counties in Liaoning we had surveyed 40 villages,and each village,we had spot-checked 50 families,the total amount was 2000.Each family member was a survey subject.Results:Among the five counties of Liaoning province,the incidence of arthritis in rural population was that women was higher than men,and 50-59 year-old age group had a higher proportion in arthritis,followed by 40-49 age group. Conclusion:Age and sex were also important factors for arthritic incidence of the five counties in Liaoning province.

During 131Ⅰ therapy or the natural course of DTC,2％ to 5％ of them will gradually no longer be sensitive to 131Ⅰ therapy and lead to radioactive iodine-refractory DTC (RAIR-DTC).Recent studies found that alterations of critical molecular targets in main signal transduction pathways could decrease the iodine-trapping function of thyroid carcinoma,such as BRAFV600E mutation,followed by negative 131 Ⅰ-whole body scan (WBS) and discounted efficacy.This article reviews novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for RAIR-DTC.

Objective To explore the relationship between the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs)and the expression of β-catenin protein in neonate rats with hypoxic ischemic brain damage (HIBD) after hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. Methods One hundred and eighty Sprague-Dawley rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into a normal control group (CON) , a HIBD model group and a HBO treatment group. The HIBD model was induced using Rice's method. Beginning 3h after the HIBD, HBO was administered to the HBO treatment group at 2 atmospheres for 60 min, once daily for 7 days. The HIBD model group was not given any treatment. The expression of nestin/β-catenin protein in the subventricular zone of the ischemic brain was double-stained for immunofluorescence and analyzed by confocal scanning microscopy dynamically at 3 hours, 21 hours, and then on the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th day of HBO therapy. The expression of whole cell β-catenin and nuclear β-catenin protein in the left brain were also examined by Western blotting at these 6 time points. Linear correlation was used to analyze the correlation between β-catenin and nestin protein. Results The expression of β-catenin protein in NSCs increased initially at the 21st hour after HBO therapy in the model group and the HBO group as compared with the normal control group.β-catenin protein in the model group reached a higher level, though there was no significant difference between model group and the HBO group. At the 5th day of HBO therapy β-catenin protein in the HBO group had reached a significantly higher level than in the model group. At the 14th day the average expression of β-catenin in the HBO group began to decrease. The expression of nestin protein began to increase 21 hours after HBO therapy began, and it peaked at the 7th day of HBO therapy and then decreased. In the HBO group the increase in nestin protein was linearly correlated with that of β-catenin protein. The whole cell β-catenin protein and β-catenin nucleic protein readings increased initially by the 21st hour of HBO therapy and by the 5th day were significantly higher than the levels in the model group. Conclusion HBO treatment is capable of stimulating the proliferation of NSCs in HIBD neonate rats.The proliferation of NSCs is correlated with the activation of β-catenin protein.

Objective To analyze the application value of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) in measuring the lamina cribrosa thickness(LCT) in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).Methods The clinical data of 65 patients with unilateral BRVO treated in our hospital from September 2014 to March 2016 were selected as the observation group.The single healthy eyes of 40 healthy individuals who received physical examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The changes of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness,LCT,central corneal thickness,axial length,transverse diameter of optic disc,vertical diameter of optic disc,diopter and extent of visual field defect in the two groups were determined by EDI-OCT.Results There was no significant difference in the central corneal thickness,axial length,transverse diameter of optic disc,vertical diameter of optic disc and diopter between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).LCT of different regions of optic disc in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The range of visual field defects in the observation group was larger than that in the control group,and the RNFL thickness was lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).LCT was positively correlated with the thickness of whole RNFL in patients with BRVO,and was negatively correlated with the visual field defects (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion EDI-OCT is an effective means for measuring LCT.LCT of patients with glaucoma BRVO is thinner than that of normal healthy people,and LCT is positively correlated with RNFL.thickness,and negatively correlated with visual field defects.

Background and purpose: Neck lymph node metastasis, most of which presents in central neck compartment, is common in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the number of dissected central neck lymph nodes and clinical outcome after radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation in pN1a PTC with no more than 5 lymph nodes involvement. Methods: A total of 167 PTC patients who had 1-5 proven metastatic lymph nodes according to postoperative pathological diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed, all of whom underwent total or near total thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection. After a median follow-up period of 26 months, the clinical outcome of each patient was evaluated as excellent response (ER), indeterminate response (IDR), bio-chemical incomplete response (BIR), or structural incomplete response (SIR) according to the new American Thyroid As-sociation guidelines. The accumulative ER rate (ERn) was calculated in patients with different numbers of dissected lymph nodes (ERn was defined as the proportion of patients who achieved ER with the dissected lymph node number of ≤n). The relationship between the number of dissected central neck lymph nodes and ERn were investigated. Results: As the increase in the number of dissected central neck lymph nodes,there was also an overall increase in ERn, especially when n rose from 1 to 10. The values of ER1, ER5, ER10 and ER30 were 25.0%, 66.7%, 74.7% and 79.1%, respectively. Besides, the proportion of patients who achieved ER was higher in those with 10 or more dissected lymph nodes than in those with less than 10 (85.7% vs 73.3%, P=0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, both the dissected central lymph node number of ≥10 (OR=2.720, 95%CI: 1.052-7.033, P=0.039) and the level of preablation stimulated thyroglobulin (OR=0.955, 95%CI: 0.926-0.984, P=0.003) were shown to contribute independently to ER. Conclusion: As the increas-ing number of dissected central neck lymph nodes, the percentage of pN1a PTC patients that achieved ER after RAI ablation generally rises. In pN1a PTC patients with no more than 5 lymph nodes involvement, a central compartment dissection with 10 or more lymph nodes might help them achieve ER after RAI ablation.

Objective To evaluate the impact of low-dose 131I therapy and high-dose 131I therapy on the clinical outcome in PTC patients coexisting with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).Methods A total of 140 non-distant metastatic PTC patients (16 males,124 females,age range:16-66 years) from July 2010 to December 2014 were enrolled in this retrospective study.Patients concurrent with HT (n=84,group A) were divided into low-dose group (1 110 MBq,n=56,group A1) and high-dose group (5 550 MBq,n=28,group A2) according to 131I ablation dose.Patients without HT (n =56) were enrolled as control group (group B),and received 1 110 MBq of 131I.The thyroid remnant ablation outcome was evaluated according to 131I diagnostic whole-body scan (Dx-WBS),neck ultrasonography (US),serum Tg and TgAb level 6-8 months after 131I ablation therapy.The successful ablation rates were compared by x2 test.Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was also used.Results There were no significant differences among the 3 groups in terms of both clinicopathological features and postoperative remnant thyroid (H:0.203-2.944,x2:0.271-0.970,all P＞0.05).When negative Dx-WBS and US were deemed as successful ablation criterion,complete ablation rate was found significantly more in group B (94.6％,53/56) than that in group A1 (82.1％,46/56;x2=4.264,P＜0.05),but no significant difference was found between group A2 (85.7％,24/28) and group A1 (x2 =0.318,P＞0.05).When combining negative sTg (sTg＜1 μg/L,TgAb＜46 kU/L) with the above 2 criterions to assess remnant ablation outcome,group B also had a higher successful rate to achieve complete ablation (85.7％,48/56) compared with group A1 (75.6％,34/45),but without statistical significance (x2=2.978,P＞0.05),and no difference was observed between group A2 (12/15) and group A1 (x2=1.320,P＞ 0.05).Conclusion Non-distant metastatic PTC patients coexisting with HT has undesirable 131I ablation outcome compared with those without HT,increasing 131I dose is unhelpful to enhance efficiency of remnant ablation for PTC patients with HT.

Background and purpose:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lymph node metastatic rate (LR) and response to radioiodine therapy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods:A total number of 143 PTC patients after radioiodine therapy were included and classified into 4 groups [Ⅰ(0%-10%),Ⅱ(>10%-25%),Ⅲ(>25%-50%),Ⅳ(>50%)] according to the lymph node metastatic rate, and the responses to initial radioiodine therapy after a median follow-up period of 20.7 months were evaluated. They were classiifed into 4 groups [excellent response (ER), indeterminate response (IDR), biochemical incomplete response (BIR), and struc-tural incomplete response (SIR)] according to the guideline proposed by 2015 American Thyroid Association. One-Way analysis of variance,χ2 test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to evaluate the differences in basic clinicopathological features and clinical responses among the 4 groups. The ROC curve was analyzed to evaluate the clinical value of lymph node metastatic rate for predicting ER and optimal cut-off point.Results:There were no signiifcant differences in gender and T-stage among 4 groups (P>0.05). However,Ⅰ group was signiifcantly older than the other 3 groups (P=0.001). With the increase of lymph node metastatic rate, the number of ER cases decreased, while cases of BIR and SIR generally increased. Compared with the other 3 groups, less cases of ER (27.8%), while more BIR (27.8%) or SIR (11.1%) were observed in groupⅣ (H=18.816,P=0.000). Cut-off value of lymph node involved rate was 52.27%, with a better speciifcity of predicting ER. Area under the ROC curve was 0.668.Conclusion:The higher lymph node metastatic rate in patients with PTC, the worse clinical outcome it could be. A cut-off value of lymph node metastatic rate 52.27% is a speciifc independent predictor for the clinical outcome in PTC patients treated with radioiodine therapy.

Objective To investigate the surgical techniques of the modified presigmoid trans-partial bony labyrinth approach and the advantages in exposure of the petroclival region and in treat the lesion of this area.Methods By simulate the modified presigmoid trans-partial bony labyrinth approach in 15 adult cadaveric heads with the aid of an operating microscope and record important structures in the petroclival region.Results The petroclival region,the posterior cavernous sinus,Meckel cave,the vertebral-basilar artery,the anterior inferior cerebellar artery,the superior cerebellar artery,ipsilateral Ⅲ-Ⅹ cranial nerve nere fully exposured and contralateral Ⅵ cranial nerve were fully exposured.The range of presigmoid exposure was (19.41 ± 1.58)mm,the exposurein of inferior temporal was (14.18 ± 1.88) nun,the maximum exposure angle of slope center depression was (60.54 ± 6.93) °,the depth of operation was (55.87 ± 4.34) mm.Conclusion The advantages of the modified presigmoid trans-partial bony labyrinth approach can earn enough exposures of deep part of petroclival region and posterior part of cavernous sinus,improved petroclival exposure,multiple axes of visualization,preservation of hearing and facial nerve function,and early devascularization of the tumor.