Objective To formulate the quality standard of Rukang Capsule. Method The TLC of Zhebeimu, Xuanshen, Ruxiang and Tiandong were done separately. The HPLC-ELSD was used to determine the content of Astragaloside in Mongolian Milkretch Root. Result There were the same spots between the controls and samples and an excellent linear relationship for 1.44～4.32 ?g to the content determination of Astragaloside. The average recovery can reach 100.3% with 0.5% of RSD. Conclusion This method is reliable and accurate to application, and can be used for the quality control of the preperation.

Objective:Understanding arthritis condition of rural residents of five countries in Liaoning province,analyzing their epidemiological factors,to further improve the prevention and treatment of arthritis and provide the basis for the promotion of Chinese medicine appropriate technologies.Methods:The cluster sampling method was used,at each of five counties in Liaoning we had surveyed 40 villages,and each village,we had spot-checked 50 families,the total amount was 2000.Each family member was a survey subject.Results:Among the five counties of Liaoning province,the incidence of arthritis in rural population was that women was higher than men,and 50-59 year-old age group had a higher proportion in arthritis,followed by 40-49 age group. Conclusion:Age and sex were also important factors for arthritic incidence of the five counties in Liaoning province.

Objective To study the morphological appearance and pathological basis of the fine pulmonary reticulation at HRCT.Methods One hundred and seven patients were analyzed about the morphology findings and dynamic changes on pulmonary HRCT.Twenty-four coal worker's pneumoconiosis(CWP)specimens were examined to make comparison between CT and pathology.The data was analyzed by using the Chi-square test.Results The reticular gap was less than 3 mm in diameter.The morphology of reticulation was round or irregular.Pulmonary parenchyma was seen between the gaps.The reticular wall was smooth or coarse.The thickness was less than 1 mm.One hundred and seven patients had accompanying signs including ground-glass opacity(68.2%,73 patients),crazy paving(23.4%,25 patients),interlobular septal thickening(84.1%,90 patients),emphysema(32.7%,35 patients),interface sign(58.9%,63 patients),traction bronchiolectasis(41.1%,44 patients)and honeycombing(26.2%,28 patients).The differences of the honeycomb,traction bronchiolectosis,interbobular septal thickening,interface sign and paving were statistically significant between the fibrotic group and pneunonia(P＜0.01).Pneumonia showed extensive area of ground-glass opacity(GGO)with fine reticulation.Fine reticulation with both interlobular septal thickening and small nodules were observed more frequently in lmphangitic carcinomatosis.Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)showed fine reticulation among the honeycombing.Connective tissue disease (CTD)showed fine reticulation with rarely honeycombing and it could be partly absorbed.Fine reticulation with emphysema was seen in chronic bronchitis.In the 58 follow-up patients,the fine reticulation increased in 26 patients,decreased or disappeared in 22 patients and showed no change in 10 patients.The major pathological basis of the fine reticulation was intralobular interstitial thickening,including fibrosis hyperplasia,inflammatory cells and tumor cells infiltration,effusion filling,smut deposition and so on.Conclusions The fine reticulation was caused by intralobular interstitial thickening including inflammation,interstitial hyperplasia,pulmonary fibrosis and tumor.The fine reticulation is helpful to prompt the diagnosis of these diseases,but the diagnosis need its combination with the other CT findings and dynamic changes.

Objective To study HRCT appearances,clinic value and pathological fundament of the pulmonary honeycombing.Methods 60 patients including three groups with pulmonary honeycombing underwent HRCT scan.The comparative study of HRCT-pathology was done in 6 pulmonary postmortems with honeycombing.Results On HRCT images,honeycombing cysts were round-like with air inside,the cyst walls included remains of pulmonary inherent components and hyperplastic fibrotic tissue in pathology.The diameter of cysts was small,58 cases of them belonged to small group(90.6%).The distribution of lesions was mainly at lower(47cases,71.9%)and peripheral lung zone(52cases,81.3%),but there were differences in different type of the diseases.The cysts might become larger and it is impossible to recovery.Conclusion The honeycombing cysts appear as cystic cavities arranging as multiple layers,the cystic walls consist of different tissues in pathology,that are the manifestations of the end-stage of pulmonary fibrosis.HRCT appearances in different patients in three groups were different.

Objective The study aimed to explore the reliability and validity of public health practitioners 'job satisfaction scale. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted with professional and technical personnel in the province engaged in the work of public health of investigation;they were enrolled through the multi?stage cluster random sampling method for establishing the scale 's internal consistency reliability and structur?al validity. Results The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the total satisfaction scale was 0.900. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.896, 0.781,and 0.799 for career development and achievement,relationship and career retention,and income and promotion latitudes,respectively. Four principal components were extracted and the results showed that the cumulative contribution rate was 69.72%and the factor analysis results were basically consistent with the theoretical structure. Conclusion The scale is thus considered to be a reliable and effective measurement tool assessing public health practitioners'job satisfaction,as it had good reliability and validity.

Objective To elucidate the CT characteristics and pathology of acute miliary pulmonary tuberculosis (AMPT). Methods The CT features of AMPT in 25 cases were analyzed retrospectively, and the CT features in HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive patients were compared by 2-sided exact propability Chi-square test. Two lung specimens were inflated and fixed by Heitzman's method. HRCT scans, gross specimen section (80-150 μm) and histologic section (5 μm) were performed on dry lung specimens and CT-pathologic correlation was conducted. The distribution of micronodules in the secondary lobule on HRCT and pathology in one specimen was evaluated by Chi-square test. Results Twenty five patients with AMPT were included in this study, including 11 HIV-seropositive patients and 14 HIV-seronegative patients. HRCT showed diffuse micronodules randomly distributed throughout both lungs in 25 patients, and ground-glass opacity (17 patients)was the predominant complicated finding. Coalescence of nodules and consolidation in HIV-seropositive patients (5 and 6 patients) were markedly higher than that in HIV-seronegative patients (none). In lung specimens, most nodules located in the lung parenchyma between the central bronchovascular bundle and the perilobular structures (792 and 560 nodules), which located in the interlobular septum pathologically. The distribution of micronodules in the secondary lobule showed on HRCT (1060 nodules)and pathology(864 nodules) was not significantly difference(x2=2.814,P＞0.05). HRCT showed ground-glass opacities when ARDS occured, which were pulmonary edema,inflammation and hyaline membrane on alveolar wall pathologically. Conclusions The HRCT characteristic of nodule distribution in AMPT is random. ARDS should be suspected when diffuse ground-glass opacities appear on HRCT.

Objective To develop a novel protein-repellent orthodontic adhesive by incorporating 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine(MPC).Methods MPC was incorporated into a commercially available orthodontic adhesive(Fuji ORTHO) at 0％ (control),1.5％,3.0％,and 5.0％ by mass.Enamel shear bond strength(SBS) was determined.Protein adsorption onto specimens was determined by a micro bicinchoninic acid method.A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model with human saliva as inoculum was used to investigate biofilm viability.Results The SBS was not reduced in the group(3.0％ MPC),compared to the control group.The amount of protein adsorption in the group(3.0％ MPC) was (0.46±0.06) μg/cm2 and (4.57 ± 0.42) μg/cm2 in the control group.Lactic acid production of biofilms in the group(3.0％ MPC) was (7.12± 1.03) mmol/L and (12.16± 1.24) mmol/L in the control group.Conclusions MPC based orthodontic adhesive greatly reduced the protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion,without compromising enamel shear bond strength.

Background: Excessive delivery of free fatty acids (FFAs) to the liver promotes steatosis and insulin resistance (IR), with IR defined as reduced glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis and anti-lipolysis stimulated by normal insulin levels. Whether the associations between FFAs and diabetes development differ between patients with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. Methods: Consecutive subjects (2,220 NAFLD subjects and 1,790 non-NAFLD subjects according to ultrasound imaging) were enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between 2009 and 2019. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Results: There was an approximate J-shaped relationship between FFA levels and HOMA-IR in the NAFLD group. Higher FFA concentration quartiles were associated with higher risks of IR (odds ratio [OR], 9.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.43 to 13.36), prediabetes (OR, 10.48; 95% CI, 5.66 to 19.39), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; OR, 19.43; 95% CI, 12.75 to 29.81) in the NAFLD group but not in the non-NAFLD group. The cut-off points for the FFA levels increased in a stepwise manner in discriminating IR, prediabetes and T2DM (573, 697, and 715 μmol/L) in the NAFLD group but not in non-NAFLD individuals. Conclusion A distinct dose-dependent relationship of FFA levels was found with IR, prediabetes and T2DM in NAFLD patients. Screening serum FFA levels in NAFLD patients would be valuable in preventing diabetes development.

Background: Excessive delivery of free fatty acids (FFAs) to the liver promotes steatosis and insulin resistance (IR), with IR defined as reduced glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis and anti-lipolysis stimulated by normal insulin levels. Whether the associations between FFAs and diabetes development differ between patients with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. Methods: Consecutive subjects (2,220 NAFLD subjects and 1,790 non-NAFLD subjects according to ultrasound imaging) were enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between 2009 and 2019. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Results: There was an approximate J-shaped relationship between FFA levels and HOMA-IR in the NAFLD group. Higher FFA concentration quartiles were associated with higher risks of IR (odds ratio [OR], 9.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.43 to 13.36), prediabetes (OR, 10.48; 95% CI, 5.66 to 19.39), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; OR, 19.43; 95% CI, 12.75 to 29.81) in the NAFLD group but not in the non-NAFLD group. The cut-off points for the FFA levels increased in a stepwise manner in discriminating IR, prediabetes and T2DM (573, 697, and 715 μmol/L) in the NAFLD group but not in non-NAFLD individuals. Conclusion A distinct dose-dependent relationship of FFA levels was found with IR, prediabetes and T2DM in NAFLD patients. Screening serum FFA levels in NAFLD patients would be valuable in preventing diabetes development.

The precise assessment and management of the axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer is crucial for regional control, disease staging, selection of adjuvant chemotherapy strategies, and prediction of prognosis, with a general downward trend in surgical management. For early breast cancer with negative axillary lymph node metastases, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has replaced axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) as the criterion for axillary status measurement. Patients can be exempted from ALND if they have negative SLNB results. However, it remains to be carefully decided in China whether patients with one or two positive nodes in SLNB can be spared from ALND. However, consensus has been met that patients who meet the criteria of the Z0011 study can be exempted from ALND. For breast cancer patients with positive axillary lymph nodes metastases at the beginning of treatment, the clearance of lymph node disease can be achieved by neoadjuvant therapy, with a reduced rate of complications related to ALND. In particular, there are still many debates associated with SLNB after neoadjuvant therapy, such as whether patients who remain axillary lymph node positive can be spared from ALND. Exploratory and validation studies related to the SLNB avoidance criteria are still controversial. In the future, clinicians should consider the characteristics of patients, the risk of recurrence, and adjuvant treatment regimens to develop individualized axillary lymph node management.