The pathophysiology of allergic disease such as asthma and allergic rhinitis tell the similar story: when the endogenous and exogenous inflammatory mechanisms occur disorder, the body may begin with inflammatory cell activation, namely through the release of cytokine and inflammatory mediator role in the corresponding target cells, activate the sensory nerve fiber, acting on the cell organ specificity effect, clinical symptoms. This article is divided into the following five parts focused on the research progress of allergic inflammatory diseases: (1) inflammatory cells; (2) staphylococcus aureus superantigen; (3) small molecules (cytokines, inflammatory mediators, lipid classes medium); (4) nerve fibers and effect cells; (5) genetic and epigenetic factors.
Asthma ; physiopathology ; Cytokines ; immunology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; physiopathology ; Inflammation ; physiopathology ; Respiratory System ; physiopathology ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; physiopathology

Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment options for patients with advanced limited non small cell lung cancer.From the viewpoint of radiobiology,the change of fractionation schedule in radiotherapy might improve the therapeutic effect.There are many different methods of fractionated irradiation: from conventional radiation including hyperfractionated radiotherapy,accelerated radiotherapy and hypofractionated radiotherapy,etc.In this paper,we summarized the definition of the different types of fractionated irradiation, and its clinical application.

BACKGROUND:Cerebral ischemia often occurs in underlying pathological conditions, such as hypertension,
hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Therefore, it is of great significance to construct a cerebral ischemia rat model with hyperlipidemia and to study the effect of basic pathological changes on the cerebral ischemia.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the brain tissue pathological changes of rat models with coexistence of hyperlipidemia and cerebral ischemia, and the effect of hyperlipidmia on cerebral ischemia.
METHODS:The rats were fed with high-fat diet to establish the hyperlipidmia models, and then focal cerebral
ischemia models were prepared with suture method. At 3 and 7 days after modeling, the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to observe the volume of brain tissue ischemia, and hematoxylin-eosin staining was
performed to observe pathological change of the margin of the brain tissue ischemia zone.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining staining results showed that the volume of cerebral ischemia was significantly reduced in the hyperlipidemia+cerebral ischemia 7 day group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed there was typical ischemic changes in al the cerebral ischemia models, and the number of microglial cel s after cerebral ischemia for 7 days was significantly smal er than that after cerebral ischemia for 3 days, and the changes were more obvious in the hyperlipidemia+7-day cerebral ischemia group when compared with the hyperlipidemia+3-day cerebral ischemia group. Ultrastructure showed there were neuronal and glial nuclear membrane shrinkage in al the cerebral ischemia models, mitochondria cristae was disappeared completely, endothelial cel mitochondria was decreased, most of the synaptic vesicles of nerve synapse were dissolved;the damages above were improved after ischemia for 7 days, especial y
hyperlipidemia+cerebral ischemia for 7 days, the neuronal degeneration and necrosis were reduced, the
mitochondrial damage was repaired, the number of mitochondrial cristae was increased significantly, and the synaptic vesicles of nerve synapse were recovered significantly. The results indicate that hyperlipidemia can promote the recovery of cerebral ischemic injury,
probably because the hyperlipidemia factors can activate the protection mechanism.

BACKGROUND: Logistic analysis of multi-ordered response-variable is used to probe into from another view the interrelationship between lead content in fetus faeces and neurobehavioral development under exposure to low-level lead in uterus.OBJECTIVE: To probe into multi-factors of neurobehavioral development in neonates and the sensibility.DESIGN: The total score of neurobehavior in neonates was taken as dependent variable and 24 indexes were as independent variables, such as induced factors, lead in umbilicus blood and lead in fetus faeces in questionnaire. Logistic progressive regression of multi-ordered response-variables was used in analysis and corresponding factors were screened at level of P=0.10.SETTING: Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Laboratory Room of Occupation Disease and Epidemic disease in Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Occupation Hospital of China First Metallurgical Construction General Company.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 103 full-month borne and healthy neonates were randomized in Department of Gynecology of one occupation hospital in Qingshan District of New-type Industry Area of Huanhan City from January to October 1999 as the objects. The relatives agreed with topic research and questionnaire investigation and they provided neonatal faeces and received neonatal tests on time.off the umbilicus and preserved in freezing in refrigerator at -4 ℃. The faeces in 24 hours after birth was collected and the lead contents of umbilicus blood and faeces were assayed with graphite furnace atomic absorpBehavioral Neurological Assessment (NBNA) was used in examination on the 3rd day after delivery. Simultaneously, the self-designed questionnaire was adopted in the investigation for parturients. The questionnaire involved other possible factors of neonatal neurobehavioral development, including dependent variables, concerning to states of family, society, environment and health that affected neurological development in neonates and lead contents in umbilicus blood and faeces. Scores of neonatal neurobehavior were taken as response variables. Finally, the corresponding factors were screened.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To screen the factors of neurobehavioral development of neonates.RESULTS: Totally 103 cases entered result analysis. Six factors were selected in the model, named pregnant weeks, the month of drug administration in pregnancy, hemoglobin, emotions in pregnancy, lead level in fetus faeces and drug administration.CONCLUSION: Neonatal neurobehavioral development was related to multiple factors. Good nutrient in pregnancy, long pregnant weeks and good emotions in pregnancy benefit neurobehavioral development of neonates. Drug administration during pregnancy is disadvantageous in neonatal neurobehavioral development, especially the medication at the early phase of pregnancy. The increased lead content in neonatal faeces does not benefit neonatal neurobehavioral development.

BACKGROUND: In the past, a lot of researches used one-time lead level in umbilical cord blood at birth for investigations,however, one-time lead level in umbilical cord blood at birth can not represent lead caused cumu lative injury to neonatal nervous system during the whole period of preg nancy. Lead in meconium is mainly from digestive juice secreted by fetal alimentary tract, exfoliative epithelia from neonatal intestinal tract and am niotic fluid and sebum cutaneum swallowed by fetus, which is excreted from the very start of pregnancy to 24 hours after birth of neonates and re flects the lead deposit in neonatal intestinal tract during the whole period of pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between neurobehavioral devel opment in neonates with intrauterine exposure to lead at low level and the lead level in umbilical cord blood (CBPb) and meconium (MPb). DESIGN: Take lead levels in umbilical cord blood and meconium as neonatal intrauterine exposure indicators and scores of neonatal neurobe havioral development as effect indicators, and descriptive analysis is used to evaluate the correlativity. SETTING: Wuhan University of Science and Technology; Laboratory of Occupation Disease and Epidemiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan First Metallurgical Con struction Company Hospital for Workers and Staff. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 103 cases of full-term and healthy neonates were selected as objects of observation. The neonates were born in Depart ment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuhan First Metallurgical Constrction Company Hospital, Qingshan District of New Industrial District of Wuhan from January to October 1999. Their parents were agreed to participate in the study and filled in the questionnaire, and provided neonatal meconium and performed neonatal tests on schedule. METHODS: ① Collection and assay of sample: 5 mL umbilical cord blood were collected and reserved in refrigerator at -4 ℃. Meconium with in 24 hours after birth, with dry weight between 5 to 10 g was collected, the lead levels in umbilical cord blood and meconium were assayed with the method of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. ② Group ing: The neonates were divided into two groups with high and low-exposure to lead based on the cutoff value of CBPb of 0.483 μmol/L and MPb of 127.78 mg/kg. ③ Neonatal neurobehavioral development examination: Neonatal neurobehavioral development examination method was used for examination 3 days before delivery. Meanwhile, self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct a survey in puerperas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Lead levels in neonatal umbilical cord blood and meconium. ② Scores of neurobehavioral development of neonates with different lead levels of umbilical cord blood and meconium. RESULTS: All the 103 cases of neonates entered results analysis. ①There was significant difference only in scores of neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) and biological visual and auditory orientation reaction (BVAOR)between groups with high and low-exposure to lead in umbilical cord blood (P ＜ 0.05). However, there was no rank correlativity between lead level in umbilical cord blood and scores of NBNA,non-biological auditory orientation reaction (NBAOR), non-biological visual orientation reaction (NBVOR) and biological visual and auditory orientation reaction (NBVOR). ②here was significant difference in scores of NBNA,NBAOR, NBVOR and BVAOR between groups with high and low-exposure to lead in meconium (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). The lead level in meconium clearly correlated reversely with scores of NBNA, NBVOR and BVAOR.CONCLUSION: Lead level in meconium is more sensitively related to the scores of neonatal neurobehavioral development, which could be used as indicator for lead deposit in the fetal body during the period of pregnancy.

Medical imaging teaching depends on support from multimedia database which is constructed with image information provided by PACS/HIS ( Picture archiving and communication system/Hospital information system ).This paper evaluated construction,administration and application of the multimedia database,and illustrated the importance of PACS/HIS in construction of the database,as well as of the database in medical imaging teaching.

This paper aimed at exploring for a scientific method of clinical skill strength-ening training by comparison and analysis on the training examination results of 121 clinical students in Clinical College,Wuhan University of Science and Technology before practice.It was found that the examination achievements of check-up is the lowest in the whole items as a re-sult of lack of normative and precise operation,and style of study is a primary reason to impact class average achievements.Relevant measures are put forward.The study results are available to improve clinic teaching quality.

AIM:To establish a new rat model of depression by the antagonistic relationship of antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters in the brain.METHODS:Dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 was injected into the hippocampus of the rats by microinjection at low, medium and high doses (1, 2 and 4 g/L) to establish a depression model.After modeling, the sucrose consumption, open-field and novelty suppressed feeding tests were used to evaluate the behaviors of the rats, and screen out the best modeling drug dose.The model of depressive rats was induced using the best modeling drug dose and the model rats were observed for 2 weeks.The stability of the model was evaluated by behavioral tests, and the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured by ELISA to evaluate the safety of the model.The levels of the antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were analyzed by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), so as to evaluate the pathological characteristics of neurotransmitter imbalance in the brain of the model rats.RESULTS:After modeling, the rat weight, sucrose preference rate, and horizontal motion and vertical motion scores of open-field test were significantly decreased in eACh dose model group, and feeding latent periods of novelty suppressed feeding test were significantly increased, indicating a typical depressive behavior.The rats with the medium dose (2 g/L) of SCH23390 had the most significant depressive behavior.At 2 weeks after modeling, compared with the normal control group, the weight, sucrose preference rate, and horizontal motion and vertical motion scores in medium dose group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), while the feeding inhibition time was significantly increased (P<0.05).No significant difference in the content of IL-1β and TNF-α in the CSF of normal control group, blank control group and medium dose group was observed, indicating that the model did not cause obvious inflammatory injury, and the modeling method was safe.Compared with blank control group, the contents of 5-HT, NE and Glu in the left hippocampus of rats in medium dose group were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the content of DA and ACh showed decreasing trends.The contents of 5-HT, NE and Glu in the right hippocampus of the rats were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the contents of DA and ACh showed decreasing trends.The content of Glu in cerebral cortex was significantly increased (P<0.05), the contents of 5-HT and NE showed increasing trends, and the contents of DA and ACh showed decreasing trends, indicating that the model was basically consistent with the pathological features of neurotransmitter imbalance in the brain of depression.CONCLUSION:This method can successfully replicate the rat model of depression, which has the characteristics of typical and persistent symptoms, fast modeling, and safe and easy operation.Using the dosage of 2 g/L is more suitable.

AIM To develope a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method to determine free concentrations of morphine (M) in the solution of human haemoglobin (Hb). To study the binding of M to haemoglobin, and evaluate the binding parameters of M to Hb. METHODS An ultrafiltration technique was used to recover morphine from the samples. Morphine was analyzed using a kromasil column (150 mm?4 6 mm) and a mobile phase of 0 1% tyiethylamine methanol (75∶25,v/v). The mobile phase pH was adjusted to 7 0 by phosphoric acid. The detection was set at 283 nm. RESULTS The ultrafiltration recovery of morphine was 98 5%. The Hb binding of M was concentration dependent of Hb and M. There were single typed binding sites for M to human Hb. The parameters determined were 4 1 for N and 340 mol?L -1 for K when the concentration of M and Hb were added from 8 50?10 -5 ～1 17?10 -2 mol?L -1 and 1 29?10 -4 ～8 57?10 -4 mol?L -1 respectively. CONCLUSION An ultrafiltration technique has proved to be simple and rapid for free drug determination. It is suitable for drug protein binding study.

Objective To construct the expression plasmid of human PAK4 gene and identify its recombinant protein expression.Methods Total RISA was extracted from human breast cancer MCF-7 cells.The hPAKA coding sequence was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and subcloned into pEBG vector.After the target region was sequenced.the plasmid was transfected into HEK293 cell line.The expression of the recombinant plasmid in HEK293 cells was proved by Western blot.Results hPAKA had been constructed into the expressing vector pEBG successfully.The length of the fragment was 1 800 bp,identified by restriction enzymes digestion.The expression of pEBG-hPAK4 fusion protein was detected by Western blot,with a molecular weight 94 KDa and was pulled down by Qutathione Sepharose 4B.Conclusion The recombinant plasmid was successfully cloned into eukaryotic expressing vector,and the expression of pEBG-hPAK4 fusion protein was identified and pulled down by Glutathione Sepharose 4B.