Objective To identify the role of protein kinase C(PKC) activation in ischemic myocardium proctection and its effect after inhibition by polymyxin B sulfate.Methods We randomly divided 30 rabbits into ischemic(IS) group,ischemic preconditioning(IPC) group and polymyxin B sulfate(PMB) group.According to the method reported in previous literature,we simultaneously recorded ECG,pressure curve and monophasic action potential(MAP) throughout the ischemia and reperfusion perocess.Results The rabbit heart rates were not changed significantly during the ischemic or reperfusion period.The products of heart rate multiplying systolic pressure were significantly higher in IPC group compared with the other two groups(P

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the preparation methods of polyaspartate derivatives as drug delivery systems. DATA SOURCES:An online search of Elselvier,ACS publications and Springerlink between January 1990 and January 2006 was undertaken by using the keywords of "polyaspart*,hydrogels,micelles,complexes" to identify the relevant articles published in English.Meanwhile,Chinese journals full-text database were scanned with computer to search relevant articles published from January 1995 to October 2005,and the keywords were"asparmide,complexes,hydrogels,release" with language limited to Chinese.STUDY SELECTION:All the related data were analyzed to select those were aimed directly at the criteria.As for the arti cles in the same field,those published recently or published in the authority journals were preferred. DATA EXTRACTION:A total of 56 articles about the preparation methods of polyaspartate derivatives as drug delivery systems were collected, and 29 of them were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS:Polyaspartate derivatives are new biodegradable and biocompatible materials.Covalent complexes, hydrogels and micelles,three main drug delivery systems of polyaspartate derivatives,exhibit good biocompatibility and conspicuous effect of control-release.CONCLUSION:With the help of the short synthesis route,simple manipulation,high production rate, the excellent biocompatibility as well as the better hydrophile,the polyaspartate derivatives are prone to reacting with other compounds for the modification.It is noted that the controllability of the control-release systems will be well improved through the researches of the influence factors of the degrading velocity and the new modifying method,additionally,the polyaspartate derivatives will be applied in the drug delivery field widely.

Objective To evaluate the safety of simultaneous transurethral green laser vaporization therapy in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and nonmuscle-invasive bladder transitional cell carcinoma (NMIBT).Methods The clinical data of 27 patients (observation group) who had undergone simultaneous transurethral green laser vaporization therapy in BPH and NMIBT between May 2004 and October 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Meanwhile 27 patients(control group) only had undergone green laser vaporization therapy in NMIBT during the same period were selected.Clinicopathologic parameters,rate of recurrence and progression,rate of recurrence in the bladder neck and prostatic urethra were determined and compared.Results The time of follow-up in observation group and control group were (28.61 ± 19.53) and (30.20 ± 21.46) months.The rates of recurrence,progression and recurrence in the bladder neck and prostatic urethra between observation group and control group had no significant differences [ 18.5％ (5/27) vs.25.9％ (7/27),3.7％ (1/27) vs.0,0 vs.0] (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Simultaneous transurethral green laser vaporization of NMIBT and BPH can be safely performed without increasing the risk of tumor recurrence in the prostatic urethra.

Objective To observe the effect of traditional Chinese medicine internal and external treatment on chronic osteomyelitis.Method Chronic osteomyelitis experimental animal models were set up with debridement, then it was random divided into two groups ( antibiotics group for the control group, antibiotics and traditional Chinese medicine group for the observation group).After treatment for 10 days, new capillaries in the tissues surrounding sinus crossings were detected by pathological observation and VEGF expression was determined by ELISA.Result VEGF expression and vascular points of tissues surrounding sinus crossings of antibiotics with traditional Chinese medicine group were obviously higher than that of antibiotics group[ (47.48 ±3.22) μg/ml vs (28.26 ±2.61)μg/ml, P ＜0.01;8.03 ±1.73 vs5.17 ±2.89, P＜0.05 ].Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine internal and external treatment can improve VEGF expression and increase capillary number inside tissues surrounding sinus.crossings , thus it can promote the healing of chronic osteomyelitis.

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of rociverine combined with tamsulosin in treatment of overactive bladder after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP).Methods 93 cases of overactive bladder patients who received TURP were collected.They were given rociverine tablets 10 mg 3 times a day and tamsulosin 0.2 mg once a day for 7 to 10 days.The efficacy and safety of treatment were assessed by changes before and after treatment in subjective indicators of overactive bladder syndrome score(OABSS),the international prostate symptom score(IPSS) and quality of life score(QOL) and objective indicators including daily frequency of micturition,urgency,urgency incontinence,nocturia,voiding volumes,combining with the adverse drug reaction incidence.Results The average treating time for the 93 cases was (5 ± 3) days.The average score of OABSS reduced 8.12(P ＜0.01,and each score≤ 4).The average score of IPSS reduced 16.69(P ＜0.01).The average score of QOL reduced 2.18 (P ＜ 0.01).There was statistical difference in objective indicators of patients between before and after treatment(P ＜ O.05).The adverse drug reaction incidence was 2.1％ (2 cases with thirsty symptom).Conclusion Rociverine tablets combined with tamsulosin in treatment of patients with overactive bladder after TURP are effective and safe.

Han Jiangbo. Department of Theoretical Mechanics, Luoyang Industry College. Luoyang Since January 1982 we have relocated the insertion of a part of pectoralis major or deltoid muscle in the treatment of 5 cases of habitual dislocation of shoulder. After over a year of follow-up no recurrence of dislocation has been found in all the cases. The shoulder joint seemed to be stable, the range of movements increased, and disturbance in supination was corrected. The operative procedure was studied in fresh cadavers and human skeleton. Studies on mechanical model of shoulder joint, with theoretical calculation of changes in pronation after muscle displacement, showed that movements of pronation were remarkably increased after displacement of partial pectoralis major and deltoideus. It could also compensate the weatened subscapularis.

Objective To elucidate the CT characteristics and pathology of acute miliary pulmonary tuberculosis (AMPT). Methods The CT features of AMPT in 25 cases were analyzed retrospectively, and the CT features in HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive patients were compared by 2-sided exact propability Chi-square test. Two lung specimens were inflated and fixed by Heitzman's method. HRCT scans, gross specimen section (80-150 μm) and histologic section (5 μm) were performed on dry lung specimens and CT-pathologic correlation was conducted. The distribution of micronodules in the secondary lobule on HRCT and pathology in one specimen was evaluated by Chi-square test. Results Twenty five patients with AMPT were included in this study, including 11 HIV-seropositive patients and 14 HIV-seronegative patients. HRCT showed diffuse micronodules randomly distributed throughout both lungs in 25 patients, and ground-glass opacity (17 patients)was the predominant complicated finding. Coalescence of nodules and consolidation in HIV-seropositive patients (5 and 6 patients) were markedly higher than that in HIV-seronegative patients (none). In lung specimens, most nodules located in the lung parenchyma between the central bronchovascular bundle and the perilobular structures (792 and 560 nodules), which located in the interlobular septum pathologically. The distribution of micronodules in the secondary lobule showed on HRCT (1060 nodules)and pathology(864 nodules) was not significantly difference(x2=2.814,P＞0.05). HRCT showed ground-glass opacities when ARDS occured, which were pulmonary edema,inflammation and hyaline membrane on alveolar wall pathologically. Conclusions The HRCT characteristic of nodule distribution in AMPT is random. ARDS should be suspected when diffuse ground-glass opacities appear on HRCT.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with B ultrasound-guided renal access in the lateral decubitus flank position for complex renal calculi. Methods From June 2004 to August 2009, 650 patients with renal stones≥20 mm underwent PCNL with B ultrasound-guided renal access in the lateral decubitus flank position. 512 men and 138 women,with a mean age of 38 years(range 11 - 78 years)and a mean stone size of 31 mm(range 20 - 58 mm). Results Successful access was achieved in 650 patients (100%). Minimally PCNL and PCNL were performed in 493 and 157 patients. Complete stone clearance rate was 86. 6% (563/ 650). The mean operative time was 72 min(range 35 - 145 min), and the mean hospital stay was 18d (range 9 - 32 d). There were no visceral injuries. Conclusions PCNL with B ultrasound-guided renal access in the lateral decubitus flank position is safe and convenient, and prevents harmful effects of radiation for the surgeon, the surgical team, and the patient.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of individual template assisting permanent interstitial brachytherapy for skull base region.Methods From August 2010 to June 2012,20 patients with recurrent malignancies of skull base region received 125I seed permanent implantation.Before implanting,all patients underwent CT scan,the data were stored in Dicom format and imported into brachytherapy treatment planning system (BTPS).The preplan were finished by BTPS.Then,the digital model based on virtual needle and skin CT slices was reconstructed by Mimics and Geomagic.According to the digital model,the individual template was made from medical light-cured resin using rapid forming machine.During implanting,needles were inserted under the individual template assistance and 125I seeds were implanted according to preplan.After implanting,implantation quality was evaluated by 2D and 3D CT images and BTPS.The needles and seed distribution were observed.The actual dose distribution of target volumes D90,V100 and V150 was calculated.The complications were recorded within 72 hours.Results Interstitial implantation of 20 patients were performed successfully and efficiently under the individual template assistance without serious complications.Because of containing the virtual needle positioning and face surface feature information at the same time,the individual template significantly improved precision of needle location and orientation.The actuarial median number of 125I seeds implanted was 70 (range,20-172),and actuarial median D90,V100 and V150 was 181.6 Gy (127.4-279.6 Gy),98.2％ (94.6％-100％),43.2％ (24.3％-52.2％),respectively.The seed distribution and dosimetric quality were well controlled.Conclusions The method of individual template assisting permanent interstitial brachytherapy for skull base region is feasible,which can improve the accuracy of needle position placement.

BACKGROUND:Interlocking intramedullary nailing is a main method for bone fractures,but traditional static intramedullary nails usually lead to nail breakage and loosening.Thereafter,we design a novel high-thread wooden club-shaped screw (HTWCSS) and explore its mechanical properties.OBJECTIVE:To measure the bend strengths of HTWCSS,analyze its stress distribution,and to evaluate its biomechanical properties,thereby providing theoretical basis for its clinical application.METHODS:The bend strength of HTWCSS and traditional nails were measured via three-point bending experiments.Transverse fractures of the middle tibia were simulated using finite element method,and then the force and stress distribution of the two different nails were analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The average maximum load of HTWCSS was 3.52 kN and 1.81 kN at span of 20 mm and 30 mm,respectively,which were larger than those of the traditional nails.(2) The average maximum displacement and the stress of HTWCSS were smaller than those of the traditional screws in finite element analysis,and the stress distribution was relatively dispersed.(3) The average maximum axial displacement and stress HTWCSS,traditional interlocking screws,wooden club-shaped screws and traditional screws were 131 MPa and 3.27 mm,162 MPa and 4.07 mm,26.5 MPa and 0.323 mm,and 34.3 MPa and 0.407 mm,respectively.(4) These results suggest that HTWCSS has relative high bend strength,and it is able to disperse stress and improve fatigue strength bend strength,further reduce screw broken.