BACKGROUND:Some studies have shown that blocking the venous return can promote fracture healing but there is no study about the effect of repeated transient ischemia on promoting fracture healing. OBJECTIVE:To observe the promoting effect of repeated transient ischemia on early fracture healing based on micro-CT technique. METHODS: Forty-eight Wistar rats were used to make animal models of right tibial midpiece closed fractures folowed by K-wire fixation. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: 24-hour group, 48-hour group, 72-hour group and control group. Tourniquet was used on the root of the affected thigh, inflated for 10 minutes, and then released for 10 minutes. Three above-mentioned cycles were taken as an ischemic treatment. At 24 hours after fracture fixation, the ischemic treatment was first carried out, and after that, it was done every 24 hours in the 24-hour group, every 48 hours in the 48-hour group and every 72 hours in the 72-hour group. In the control group, the tourniquet with no inflation was used once on the right lower limb every 24 hours after fixation. Al the rats were kiled at 2 weeks after modeling to take out the right tibia with removal of K-wires for micro-CT observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The trabecular bone volume and total volume in the regions of interest were significantly higher in the 24-hour group than the other three groups (P < 0.05), but the tissue mineral density and calus tissue mineral density were significantly lower in the 24-hour group than the other three groups (P < 0.05).There was no significant statistical difference in the bone volume fraction among the four groups (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that within 2 weeks after fractures, the repeated transient ischemia can promote fracture healing, which may be related to the improvement in the secretion of growth factor, revascularization and osteoblast proliferation induced by repeated transient ischemia.

AIM:To investigate the role of PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in the protection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) against limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats.METHODS:ALI was induced by limb I/R in the SD rats.Na2 SO3 (0.54 mmol/kg, ip)/NaHSO3 (0.18 mmol/kg, ip) as SO2 donor was injec-ted at 20 min before reperfusion.The inhibitors of JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt pathways, Stattic (3 mg/kg, iv) and LY294002 (40 mg/kg, iv), respectively, were injected at 1 h before reperfusion.Peripheral blood and lung tissues were collected for determining the contents of the cytokines, the protein levels of the molecules related to the signaling pathways, apoptosis and histopathologic changes by ELISA, TUNEL and Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with control group, the content of MDA, the activity of MPO, lung coefficient, apoptotic index, cytokine expression, and the protein levels of p-Akt and p-STAT3 in I/R group all increased significantly, and administration of Na2 SO3/NaHSO3 attenuated the damage in the lung.Besides, the results of Western blot showed that the rat lung tissues expressed p-STAT3 protein and p-Akt pro-tein.After I/R, the protein levels of p-STAT3 and p-Akt were increased.After using Na2 SO3/NaHSO3 , p-Akt was in-creased, but p-STAT3 was decreased (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Both JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt pathways are like-ly involved in the protective effect of SO2 against limb I/R-induced ALI in rats.The activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway increases I/R injury.Reversely, the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway reduces I/R injury.Besides, JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways may have crosstalk during I/R-induced ALI and JAK2/STAT3 pathway may have an impact on the P13K/Akt pathway.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that endogenous gaseous signaling molecules such as NO, CO, H2S and SO2 play an important role in acute lung injury;there also have other gases participation, such as carbonyl sulfide.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of carbonyl sulfide for limb ischemia-reperfusion induced acute lung injury and its mechanism in rats.
METHODS:A total of 64 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight groups. Control group:without treatment;model group:limb ischemia for 4 hours and then reperfusion for 2 hours. Low-, moderate-and high-dose carbonyl sulfide groups were intraperitoneal y injected with 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mL carbonyl sulfide respectively at 20 minutes before ischemia for 4 hours and reperfusion for 2 hours. Low-, moderate-and high-dose air groups were intraperitoneal y injected with 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 mL air respectively at 20 minutes before ischemia for 4 hours and reperfusion for 2 hours. 2 hours after reperfusion, the morphological changes of lung tissues and the change of lung coefficient were observed. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 both in lung tissue and serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Cel apoptosis was measured by TUNEL assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the control group, significant damage of lung tissue was seen, and the lung coefficient increased significantly in the model group (P<0.05). The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-l and interleukin-6 both in lung tissue and plasma increased (P<0.05), and apoptotic rate increased. (2) Compared with the model group, low-, moderate-and high-doses of carbonyl sulfide could mitigate the degree of lung injury, and reduce pulmonary coefficient and apoptotic rate. The low dose showed the most obvious effect. Low-and moderate-dose carbonyl sulfide could significantly decrease expressions of tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 both in lung tissue and plasma (P<0.05). (3) No significant difference in each index was visible in the low-, moderate-and high-dose air groups compared with the model group. (4) Results suggested that low dose of exogenous carbonyl sulfide through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant effects plays the protective role on limb ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute lung injury in rats.

Objective To explore the influence of brief ischemic on fracture healing.Methods Two hundred and forty wistar rats (weight was 200 g and half male) were made the right tibial midpiece closed fracture model.1.0 mm K-wires were used to fix the fractures.Rats were divided into 4 groups.Group A was 24 hours,group B was 48 hours,group C was 72 hours,and group D was the control group.Tourniquet was used on the root of the thigh of right lower limb.Tourniquet was inflated 10 min,then released 10 min,and repeated 3 times to make the brief ischemic model.48 rats were made brief ischemic at 24 hours after the fracture fixed.Then group A was at every 24 hours,group B was at every 48 hours,and group C was at every 72 hours made brief ischemic.Group D at every 24 hours after the fracture fixed was used tourniquet on the root of thigh of right lower limb each time 1 hour,but the tourniquet was not inflated.Group A,B,and C were made brief ischemic 5 weeks.Group D was tourniquet treated 5 weeks.Group A and D at 1 day,3 days,5 days,and 7 days after fracture fixed were detected the serum VEGF.All groups of rats were X-ray examinated and detected of serum VEGF at every two weeks after the fracture fixed.Every two weeks,every group randomly selected 12 rats to do immunohistochemical staining.We used the Image Pro Plus software to quantitative compare the IGF-2 positive cells in the fracture area.Results X-ray results were used three points method for analyzing.The scores of group A,B,and C were significantly higher than group D at 2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks after fracture fixed (P ＜ 0.05).The scores between group A,B,and C were no significant statistical difference at 2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks after fracture fixed (P ＞ 0.05).The levels of serum VEGF of group A were significantly higher than group D at 3days,5days,and 7 days after fracture fixed (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of serum VEGF of group B and C were obviously higher than group A and D at 2 weeks (P ＜ 0.05),and there was no obvious difference between group B and C (P =0.79,P =0.90,P =0.88).The same result was found between group A and D (P =0.94,P =0.551,P =0.53).There were no significant difference between four groups on the levels of serum VEGF at 8 weeks (P =0.66).Immunohistochemical results were that group B,group C VEGF positive cells were significantly higher than group A and group D at 2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in group B and group C (P =0.19,P =0.10,P =0.38),or group A and group D (P =0.07,P =0.17,P =0.18).There was no significantly different in four groups at 8 weeks (P =0.08).Conclusions Brief ischemic can promote the healing of fracture and stimulate the expression of VEGF.The mechanism may be related to the signal channels of VEGF and other biological factors.This study will give new idea to clinic for promoting fracture healing.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Anzhong-Fuyuan decoction combined with western routine therapy in the treatment of helicobacter pyiori(H.pylori)-positive chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG).Methods A total of 110 H.pylori positive CAG patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups according to random number table method,55 in each group.The control group was treated with quadruple therapy.On the basis of the control group,the study group was treated with Anzhong-Fuyuan decoction.Both groups were treated continuously for 40 days.The serum level of pepsinogen Ⅰ (Pepsinogen Ⅰ,PG Ⅰ),pepsinogen Ⅱ (PG Ⅱ),gastrin (GAS),endothelin (ET),CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA.The eradication rate of H.pylori was measured by 14C urea breath test,and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results The total effective rate was 92.7％ (51/55) in the study group and 78.2％ (43/55) in the control group.There were significant differences between the two groups (x2=4.681,P=0.031).The eradication rate of H.pylori was 89.1％ (49/55) in the study group and 76.4％ (42/55) in the control group.There was significant difference between the two groups (x2=3.911,P=-0.048).After treatment,the level of serum PG Ⅰ (84.87 ± 13.95 g/L vs.78.05 ± 12.69 g/L,t=3.434) and PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ (6.71 ± 1.26 vs.5.86 ± 1.13,t=2.861) in the study group was significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05),and PG Ⅱ (12.64 ± 1.94 g/L vs.13.31 ± 2.10 g/L,t=3.725) was significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.01).The serum level of gastrin (10.76 ± 3.06 mmol/L vs.8.11 ± 2.84 mmol/L,t=4.707) was higher than that of control group (P＜0.01),endothelin (56.64 ± 4.42 ng/L vs.60.42 ± 5.13 ng/L,t=4.140) was significantly lower than that of control group (P＜0.01).After treatment,the level of CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α in the study group was significantly lower than those in the control group (t=11.100,9.571 and 8.687,respectively,all Ps＜ 0.001).Conclusions The Anzhong-Fuyuan decoction combined with routine therapy can significantly enhance the gastric mucosal secretion ability of H.pylori positive CAG patients,increase the ratio of PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ,promote the repair and regeneration of gastric mucosa,reduce the level of inflammatory cytokines.

Objective:To investigate the regulation of intestinal microbiota by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on patients with obesity or obesity combined with diabetes.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The stool samples before and after surgery and clinical data of 20 patients with obesity, including 9 simple obesity cases and 11 obesity combined with diabetes cases, who underwent RYGB in the First Affiliated Hospital of Ji′nan University from July 2016 to August 2017 were collected. There were 11 males and 9 females, aged (33±11)years. Observation indicators: (1) changes in composition and structure of intestinal microflora; (2) changes of intestinal microflora in simple obesity patients after operation; (3) changes of intestinal microflora in obesity combined with diabetes patients after operation. Follow up was conducted using telephone interview or outpatient examinations to detect the body mass, the application of antimicrobial agent and the blood glucose control of patients. According to the unified training points, the stool samples were collected and stored into the DNA stabilizer, and then conducted to laboratory analysis within 45 hours. The follow up was up to November 2018. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and independent-samples t test was used for inter-group comparison and paired-samples t test was used for intra-group comparison. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3), and Wilcoxon signed rank test of two independent samples was used for inter-group comparison. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and the chi-square test, ANOSIM analysis, linear discriminant (LEfSe) analysis and the Metastats analysis were used for inter-group comparison. Results:(1) Changes in composition and structure of intestinal microflora. The Shannon index of α diversity of preoperative intestinal microflora in simple obesity patients and obesity combined with diabetes patients was 4.37±0.69 and 4.47±0.85, respectively, showing no significant difference between them ( t=0.28, P>0.05). Results of preoperative LEfSe analysis showed that there were differences in the bacterial abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidea between simple obesity patients and obesity combined with diabetes patients. The abundances of Parasutterella in simple obesity patients and obesity combined with diabetes patients was 0.000 113 0(0, 0.004 378 2) and 0.008 464 0(0.001 325 7, 0.034 983 1), respectively, showing a significant difference between them ( Z=2.12, P<0.05). Results of preoperative PCoA analysis showed that the contribution rates of principal component 1, principal component 2 and principal component 3 were 24.98%, 22.24% and 16.33% in simple obesity patients and obesity combined with diabetes patients and results of ANOSIM comparison showed that there was no significant difference in preoperative intestinal microflora between them ( r=?0.11, P>0.05). The Shannon index of α diversity of postoperative intestinal microflora in simple obesity patients and obesity combined with diabetes patients was 4.60±0.65 and 4.66±0.40, respectively, showing no significant difference between them ( t=0.24, P>0.05). Results of postoperative LEfSe analysis showed that there were differences in the bacterial abundance of Bacteroidea, Proteus and Firmicutes between simple obesity patients and obesity combined with diabetes patients. The abundances of Morganella and Coprococcus_2 in simple obesity patients and obesity combined with diabetes patients were 0.000 192 0(0.000 011 9,0.001 569 0), 0(0,0) and 0(0,0), 0.000 054 1(0,0.000 419 0), showing significant differences between them ( Z=2.70, 2.29, P<0.05). (2) Changes of intestinal microflora in simple obesity patients after operation. There were 10 genera of bacteria of intestinal bacteria changing after surgery, including 7 species of bacteria increasing in the Firmicutes and the Proteobacteria as Veillonella, Morganella, Granulicatella, Aeromonas, Streptococcus, Rothia and Megasphaera and the bacteria decreasing in the Firmicutes and the Actinobacteria as Ruminococcus_torques_group, Romboutsia and Erysipelo-trichaceae_UCG-003. Results of LEfSe analysis showed that the bacteria significantly enriched in simple obesity patients before surgery were Ruminococcus_torques_group, Romboutsia and Erysipelotri-chaceae_UCG-003, belonging to Firmicutes, and the bacteria significantly enriched in simple obesity patients after surgery were Rothia, Granulicatella, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Megasphaera, Veillonella, A eromonas and Morganella, belonging to Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. (3) Changes of intestinal microflora in obesity combined with diabetes patients after operation. There were 16 bacteria of intestinal bacteria increasing after surgery, including Streptococcus, Veillonella, Haemophilus, Pluralibacter, Gemella, Lachnospiraceae_NC2004_group, Granulicatella,Aeromonas, uncultured_ bacterium_f_ Saccharimonadaceae, R uminiclostridium_9, Butyricicoccus, Fusobacterium, Anaerotruncus, Fusicateni-bacter, Klebsiella and E ubacterium_eligens_group, which belonged to the Firmicutes and the Proteo-bacteria. Results of LEfSe analysis showed that the bacteria significantly enriched in obesity combined with diabetes patients before surgery were Fusicatenibacter, Tyzzerella_3 and Butyricicoccus, belonging to the Firmicutes, and the bacteria significantly enriched in obesity combined with diabetes patients after surgery were Gemella, Granulicatella, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Lachnospiraceae_NC2004_group, Eubacterium_eligens_group, Anaerotruncus, Ruminiclostridium_9, Anaeroglobus, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, uncultured_bacterium_f_Saccharimonadaceae, Aeromonas, Klebsiella, Pluralibacter, Proteus and Haemophilus, belonging to the Firmicutes and the Proteobacteria. Conclusions:RYGB can significantly increases the intestinal microflora abundance in simple obesity patients and obesity combined with diabetes patients. The two types of patients have specific changes in intestinal microflora at the genus level.

Objective: To investigate the current bedtime routine among Chinese children less than 3 years of age and explore its dose-dependent association with sleep duration and sleep quality. Method: Healthy full-term born children aged 0-35 months were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method from 8 provinces in China following the "Hospital of Province-City-County" sampling technical route during 2012-2013.Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire(BISQ) was used to assess sleep conditions of these children.Children′s personal and family information was obtained by Shanghai Children′s Medical Center Socio-demographic Questionnaire.Both of these questionnaires were filled in by parents. The effects of bedtime routine on children′s sleep duration and quality were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. Result: The children′s average age was(12±10) months(n=1 304), of whom 689 were males (52.8%, 689/1 304). There were 48.5%(632/1 304)of the parents reported that their children had not established regular sleep routines. There was a consistent dose-dependent association between bedtime routine and sleep duration, as well as other indicators for sleep quality (all P<0.05). The more regular the sleep routines, the longer the sleep duration, the earlier the children went to sleep, the shorter the sleep onset latency, the fewer the nighttime wakeup and the shorter the nighttime waking.The nighttime sleep duration was significantly longer for those with a bedtime routine 'every night’ than those who 'never’ had a bedtime routine (9.5(95%CI: 9.4-9.6)vs. 8.9(95%CI: 8.6-9.3)h, t=3.345, P=0.001). Compared with children who never had bedtime routines, children with regular bedtime routines had fewer night wakeup (1.3(95%CI: 1.2-1.4) vs. 2.4( 95%CI: 2.0-2.9), t=3.182, P=0.001) and shorter night waking duration(16.6(95%CI: 14.6-18.8) vs. 59.2 (95%CI: 47.0-72.7)min, t=6.383, P<0.01). Conclusion The percentage of children who have established regular bedtime routine is low in China. There is significant dose-dependent association between regular bedtime routine and sleep outcomes, especially sleep quality. The more regular the sleep routines, the better the sleep quality.

OBJECTIVETo explore the current television viewing situation among children less than 4 years of age in our country and investigate effects of television viewing on sleep quality.

METHODAccording to the"Hospital of Province-City-County"sampling technical route, a total of 1 046 full term healthy children at the age of 4-48 months were sampled by stratified cluster random sampling method from 8 provinces in China from 2012-2013. The information of television viewing and family and personal information was investigated by Shanghai Children's Medical Center Socio-demographic Questionnaire. Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) and Brief Child Sleep Questionnaire (BCSQ) were employed to assess the sleep behaviors of children 0-3 years old and over 3 years old respectively.The effects of television viewing on sleep quality were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis.

RESULTThe children's average age was (20±13) months, with boys accounted for 53.3% (558/1 046). The percentage of children who viewed television was 70.3% (735/1 046). Moreover, 58.7% (408/695) of infants and young children under the age of 2 viewed TV per day, and 19.9% (70/351) of 2 years and older infants and young children viewed television ≥2 hours per day. With the increase of age, the percentage of children who viewed television time gradually increased (P<0.001). Child sex, geographic area, paternal education, and family structure were not associated with television viewing time among children aged 4-48 months. However, the presence of a bedroom TV(χ(2)=13.682, P=0.001) and maternal employment (χ(2)=15.053, P=0.005) were commonly correlated with long screen-watching time among children. After adjusting for age, gender, mother' education level, and working state, it was revealed by multiple linear regression analysis that television viewing was not only positively correlated with later bedtime (t=5.49, P<0.001) and shorter night sleep duration (t=-3.49, P=0.001) but also significantly associated with longer sleep onset latency (t=2.63, P=0.009).

CONCLUSIONThe percentage of children under 4 years of age who viewed television is very high in our country, and many infants under 6 months of age exposed to TV environment. Bedroom TV and mother full-time job were associated with higher proportion of children viewing TV. In early childhood, television viewing was positively correlated with later bedtime, shorter sleep duration and longer sleep onset latency. There is a need for parents and pediatricians to pay more attention to the behavior of children viewing TV and improve sleep quality.

Child, Preschool ; China ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Parents ; Sleep ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Television ; Time Factors