Objective To understand the dietetic habits,the knowledge level of nutrition and food hygiene,the understanding of the relationship between food and disease,and their sources of and the demands for nutrition and food hygiene in the residents of Tianjin.Method 1 206 subjects(605 male and 601 female) aged 18 to 69 yrs were selected by the stratified multi-stage random sampling and investigated with the questionnaire.Results of all the subjects,no one's diet was consistent with the Chinese balanced diet guideline.Most subjects had some knowledge about food and nutrition,but only 60.2% of them passed the test.The situation of the knowledge awareness varied with their living area,education background and occupation.87.5% of the subjects had a good awareness for the relationship between food and disease,and varied with their education and occupation.Television was the most important approach for their acquiring the knowledge about nutrition and food hygiene.81.5% subjects were interested in learning more about nutrition and food hygiene.Conclusions The dietetic habits in residents of Tianjin was still not satisfied.It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda and education of the nutrition and food hygiene in residents and explore an effective education model for them.

Purpose To detect the expression of FOXO3 in lung cancer specimens and lung cancer stem cell, for diagnosis and treat-ment of lung cancer. Methods Immunohistochemistry, semi-quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect FOXO3 protein expression in clinical specimens of lung cancer. PCR and Western blot verified FOXO3 mRNA and protein expression of lung cancer cells. Results Immunohistochemistry showed that the FOXO3 was significantly lower expressed in lung cancer tissues and the corre-sponding lung cancer stem cells;Detection of FOXO3 mRNA and protein by RT-PCR and Western blot showed both had significantly lower expression;as progression of the disease, there was a clear decreasing trend, in which negative expression rate of FOXO3 protein accounted for 66. 7% in all patients;at the same times, the rate of the expression gradually decreased with loss of differentiation and metastasis of the tumor. Conclusions FOXO3 shows low expression in lung tissue and lung cancer stem cells, while it is closely relat-ed to the degree of malignancy and lung cancer metastasis, which may be a new target for the treatment.

Objective To explore the change of function of adrenal cortex in patients with hyperthyroidism to provide theoretical evidence for clinical practice. Methods The reaction of adrenal cortex to small dosage of ACTH was detected and compared with each other in normal controls,in patients with mild hyperthyroidism,and patients with severe hyperthyroidism. Results The reaction to small dosage of ACTH was statistically different among the three groups \[F=278.3(15 min), 274.2(30 min), 469.8 (60 min), 273.3(min),866.2(AUC),P

Objective To investigate the changes of cardiac structure and function in patients with hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD).Methods From March 2010 to February 2011,90 HLD patients who did not receive formal treatment (observation group) and 30 healthy people (control group) were collected and analyzed with color Doppler echocardiography in the Institute of Neurology,Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Based on the clinical manifestations,cases were divided into hepatic type group (n =31),brain type group (n =42) and brain-visceral type group (n =17).According to the Child-Pugh classification,patients were divided into Child A group (n =71),Child B group (n =10) and Child C group (n =9).Results (1) The left atrial diameter ((28.00 ± 3.11),(29.62 ± 3.44) mm) and left ventricular diameter ((45.69 ± 3.75),(47.10-± 4.73) mm) of HLD patients in brain-visceral type group and hepatic type group were larger than that of the control group ((24.86 ± 2.63),(41.93 ±3.56) mm;t =3.143,4.761,P=0.018,0.000;t=3.764,5.167,P=0.018,0.000).The left atrial diameter and left ventricular diameter of hepatic type group were significantly larger than the brain type group (26.06 ± 3.68,43.34 ± 3.88;t =3.557,P =0.000;t =3.751,P =0.001).The value of E/A in the hepatic type group (1.57 ± 0.37) was significantly lower than the control group (1.93 ± 0.20;t =-0.352,P =0.006).(2) The left atrial diameter ((31.29 ± 1.70),(34.67 ± 1.97) mm) and left ventricular diameter ((48.29 ± 2.81),(53.67 ± 2.67) mm) of Child B and C groups were significantly larger than the control group ((24.86 ± 2.63),(41.93 ± 3.56) rm;t =6.429,9.810,P =0.000,0.000;t =6.357,10.738,P =0.000,0.000),and the Child A group ((26.42 ± 3.05),(43.89 ± 3.76) rm;t=4.871,8.252,P=0.000,0.000;t =4.399,8.780,P=0.003,0.000).The value of E/A of Child B and C groups (1.58 ± 0.32,1.26 ± 0.39) was lower than that of the control group (t =-0.347,0.662,P=0.020,0.000);At the same time,the value of E/A of Child C group was significantly lower than that of Child A group (1.80 ± 0.33;t =-0.530,P =0.000).Conclusions The HLD patients may have cardiac structural and functional changes,mainly manifested as left atrial and left ventricular enlargement and cardiac diastolic dysfunction,whereas a serious impact has not yet been found in systolic function.And the changes of cardiac structure and function were related to the degree of liver cirrhosis in patients with HLD.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) in metastatic colon cancer undergoing first-line chemotherapy with FOLFOX.Methods: Data were collected from a retrospective survey of 158 consecutive metastatic colon cancer patients who had undergone FOLFOX chemotherapy.The clinicopathological characteristics and chemotherapy features of the patients were analyzed as potential prognostic factors.The patients were stratified by the decreased level of CIN to three groups: large decreased level (the number of neutrophil decreased more than 1.0×109 compared with that before chemotherapy),small decreased level (the number of neutrophil decreased less than 1.0×109 compared with that before chemotherapy) and the absence of neutropenia.Results: According to a multivariate COX model, decreased level of CIN was a independent prognostic factor of colon cancer patients.Hazard ratios of death were 0.687 (95% CI: 0.381-0.812, P=0.016) for patients with large decreased level of CIN and 0.817 (95% CI: 0.527-0.939,P=0.027) for those with small decreased level of CIN compared with those of absent neutropenia patients.Median overall survival was 12.9 months (95% CI: 10.4-15.4) for patients without neutropenia (A) compared with 20.8 months (95% CI: 18.3-23.1) for patients with large-decreased level of CIN (L) and with 17.3 months (95% CI: 16.2-18.8) for those with small-decreased level of CIN (S vs.L, P=0.018;L vs.A, P=0.009;S vs.A, P=0.011).Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the decreased level of CIN is a predictor of prognosis in patients with metastatic colon cancer undergoing FOLFOX chemotherapy.Patients who have experienced large decreased level of CIN haave longer survival time than small decreased level of CIN or absent patients.To monitor CIN decreased level timely and adjust chemotherapy drug dose may help improve the prognosis.

This thesis mainly expounds the design ideas and the realization methods of medical statistics question database management system.Specifically speaking,the function modules,data structure and business processes of the system are designed based on the analysis of questions,test papers and the needs of system functions.We choose Visual Basic 6.0 to develop the system interface,establish the question database with Access 2003,and make use of Word 2003 to output documents.This system can achieve the separation of teaching and testing effectively which can make examinations more normal and scientific.

Objective:To study the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) on metabolism of aflatoxin B_1(AFB_1) in Wistar rats. Methods:Seventy one Wistar rats were divided into three groups at random: group A (AFB_1 group), group B (AFB_1+EGb761 group), and group C (control group). The rats in groups A and B were given AFB_1(intraperitoneal injection, 100-200 μg/ kg body weight, 1-3 times/week). The rats in group B were fed the food containing EGb761 while the rats in groups A and C were given normal food. Blood samples were collected and liver biopsy was performed on the 14th, 28th and 42nd week. All the rats were sacrificed at the 64th week. The incidence of hepatoma was observed. The hepatic phase Ⅰ drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP450 and phase Ⅱ enzyme GST were detected by spectrometry. The serum AFB_1-lysine adduct was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The expression of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG) was measured by immunohistochemistry. Results:The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in group B was significantly lower than that in group A (26.92% vs 76.00%,P<0.001). No hepatocellular carcinoma developed in group C. EGb761 had no effects on the activities of CYP450 and GST in rat liver tissues. The level of AFB_1-lysine adduct reached the peak (4 356.01 pg/mg albumin) at the 14th week in group A. EGb761 significantly inhibited the formation of AFB_1-lysine adducts in serum by 13.07% at the 14th week (P＝0.033), and 73.63% at the 42nd week (P＝0.002). The expression of 8-OHdG protein in rat liver tissues in group B was significantly lower than that in group A at the 28th, 42nd, and 64th week (P<0.05). Conclusion:The main mechanism underlying the effect of EGb761 in blocking hepatogenesis induced by AFB_1 may not be fully related with its influence on the activity of liver phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ metabolizing enzymes. EGb761 inhibites the production of AFB_1-lysine addcuts, decreases the expression of 8-OHdG protein, and finally alleviates the DNA oxidative injury, which may be one of the mechanisms for the effects of EGb761 in inhibiting or delaying hepatogenesis induced by AFB_1.

Objective To assess the effect of different ages on sufentanil pharmacokinetics in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.Methods Sixteen NYHA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients undergoing selective cardiac valve replacement were randomly divided into two groups:elderly group (aged 65-69 years,group Ⅰ,n =8) and young adult group (aged 36-45 years,group Ⅱ,n =8).Intravenous and intra-arterial cannulae were placed.Sufentanil 5 μg/kg injected intravenously during anesthesia induction.Blood samples from the radial artery were obtained at 1,3,5,10,20,30,60,120,180,240 and 360 min after sufentanil injection (3 ml each).Then 1 ml plasma was immediately separated from the 3 ml blood sample and stored at - 80 ℃ until being assayed.Plasma sufentanil concentration was determined with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3P97 pharmacologicl program.Results Plasma sufentanil concentration versus the time decay curve in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was fitted to a twocompartment model and could be expressed by bi-exponential equations:Cp (t) =27.4 e-0.41t + 3.2 e-0.029t in group Ⅰ and Cp (t) =14.4 e-0.51t +3.4 e-0.032t in group Ⅱ,respectively.There were significant differences in t 1/2 α,t1/2 β and CL between the two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.0l ).During CPB,plasma sufentanil concentration versus the time decay curve in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement was fitted to a three-compartment model and could be expressed by tri-exponential equations:Cp(t) =22 e-0.51t + 3.5 e-0.045t + 0.21 e-0.0029 t in group Ⅰand Cp(t) =15 e-0.52t + 3.9 e-0.048t + 0.32 e-0.004t in group Ⅱ,respectively.There were no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion There are significant differences in sufentanil phannacokinetic characteristics before CPB but different ages have no obvious influence on sufentanil pharmaco-kinetics during CPB.

Objective This study is about to detect the KCNJ5 gene variations in aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) with primary hyperaldosteronism (PA),and to investigate the association of the KCNJ5 gene missense mutations with APA and PA.Methods A total of 46 APA tumors and their clinical characteristics were collected from Hypertension Center of the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,and all the tumors were confirmed by pathology.All the samples of the coding region segments of KCNJ5 were detected by PCR and direct DNA sequencing to compare the different missense mutations in the tumor cells and peripheral blood cells and to analyze the association between the genotype and phenotype.Results Three missense mutations were found in 46 patients with APA:c.451G ＞ C/A (p.G151R) (5/46),c.503T ＞ G (p.L168R) (4/46),c.830T ＞ A (p.S209T) (12/46).S209T,as an unreported somatic mutation was observed.There were no missense mutations detected in the peripheral blood.Sex,age,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,duration of hypertension,plasma potassium,urine potassium,aldosterone,plasma renin activity,aldosterone,and plasma renin activity ratio,as well as the rate of positive family history were compared between the mutants and wild-types.Systolic blood pressure and plasma potassium level among G151 R,L168R,and S209T had statistical differences.Systolic blood pressure in G151R was significantly higher than the other two groups,while the plasma potassium level was significantly lower than the other groups.Conclusions Three missense mutations were found in 46 patients with APA.The subjects with mutations had more serious condition than those without mutations after comparing their clinical phenotype.Besides,other different subtypes may exist in PA.

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is gradually replacing conventional radiation therapy and has become the mainstream radical treatment for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). IMRT can conform and increase radiation doses to tu-mor-associated regions as well as decrease exposure doses and volumes on normal organs and tissues to avoid damage on critical or-gans. Aside from system and setup errors, other factors, such as the gradual reduction of the primary NPC lesion and the decrease in vol-ume of involved neck lymph nodes as well as body weight loss and changes in the head and neck shape during IMRT, may cause devia-tions in the radiation doses and volume delivered to the NPC targets and the organs at risk. These factors may affect the accuracy of IMRT. Several researchers have attempted to correct such deviations during IMRT for NPC patients by using adaptive radiotherapy (ART). The results indicate that ART is feasible to a certain degree and can correct the deviations, including decrease in tumor volume, body weight loss, and changes in head and neck shape of NPC patients.