Objective To evaluate the advantages of cytomegalovirus (CMV) real-time PCR, to monitor CMV infection in a population of transplantation recipients in comparison with the qualitative PCR method.Methods 150 plasma samples and leukocytes samples collected from 59 bone marrow transplant recipients and 9 liver transplant recipients were tested by qualitative CMV PCR assay in parallel; Real-time CMV PCR using Roche Light Cycler was performed with 150 plasma samples and 54 control plasma samples.Results Using real-time PCR as the reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the qualitative CMV PCR assay with leukocytes samples were 62.5% and 95.5%, with plasma samples were 57.5% and 99.1% respectively. The recipients with the level of CMV DNA over 5?10~3 copies/ml by real-time PCR had higher percentage of developing CMV disease than those below 10~3 copies/ml.Conclusion The quantitative detection of CMV DNA by real-time PCR with plasma is a rapid, specific and sensitive method to monitor CMV infection in patients after transplantation and to guide antivirus therapy.

Objective: To build a mouse tumor model with a manufactured surgical wound representing acute inflammation, and to evaluate the relationship between acute inflammation or wound healing and the process of tumor growth. Then to observe the impact of IFN-γ/TGF-β on tumor growth. Methods: Male C57BL mice of six weeks were used and divided into the experiment group and the control group. The B16F10 mela-noma cell suspension was injected into the left groin area of each mouse. A wound measured 1 cm in diame-ter was built on the opposite side of bodies in the experiment group when tumor volume was about 0.5 cm~3.The expression of IFN-γ/TGF-β in blood serum and tumor tissues were examined by ELISA. In order to fur-ther confirm the effect of TGF-β on tumor growth, another 16 mice models with melanoma were established and 8 of them received IFN-γ injection (the experiment group). Results: When acute inflammation had influenc-es on tumor, a two-phase development was presented. In the early phase, the growth of tumor in the mice with wound was slower than that in the control group. In the early phase, the release of IFN-γ was higher and the release of TGF-β was lower in the experiment group. In the later phase, the growth of tumor in the mice with wound was similar to that in the controls and the release of TGF-β was higher. In vivo experiment con- firmed the above results. In the early phase, the release of TGF-β was not significantly different between the experiment group and the control group (P>0.05). In the later phase, the release of TGF-β in the experiment group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the early phase of acute inflamma-tion, inhibitory effects of IFN-y on tumor growth were presented. In the later phase, the inhibited tumor was re-sistant to IFN-γ through the release of TGF-β to balance the effect of inflammatory factors on tumor cells.

Obiective To investigate the molecular characteristics of heteroresistant vancomycinintermediate Staphylococcus aureus(hVISA)in China and analyze the differences of the molecular characteristics between hVISA and VSSA(vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus)isolates.Methods A total of 3 15 non-repetitive MBSA were collected from the national surveillance program in China in 2007.The isolates of hVISA were confirmed by modified population analysis profile-area under the curve(PAP-AUC).The genotypes of agr and SCCmec were determined by multiplex PCR,and spa typing was performed bv PCR and DNA sequencing.The pvl gene was detected bv PCR Results The prevalence of hVISA was 9.5%(30/315).Among 315 MRSA,SCCmec Ⅲ was the most popular type,which was found in 234 isolates(234/315,74.3%),followed by SCCmec Ⅱ,which was identified in 56 isolates (56/315,17.8%).The rate of SCCmec Ⅱ in hVISA(46.7%)was significantly hisher than in VSSA (14.7%,X~2=18.93,P＜0.001).The most prevalent agr type among 315 MRSA was agr 1 accounting for 73.6%(232/315).The agr 2 accounted for 18.7%(59/315),and agr 3 and agr 4 were very rare in clinical isolates.It was different in agr types between the two groups.The rate of agr 2 in hVISA(53.4%)was higher than in VSSA(15.1%).X~2 value was 26.08 and P value was less than 0.001 through X~2 test.There was a statistical significance in the result.There were 4 spa types in hVISA isolates,including t002 (13 isolates),t037(9 isolates),t030(6 isolates),and 1548(2 isolates).The pvl positive MRSA isolates were very low,accounting for 1.6%(5/315).Conclusions The prevalence of hVISA was relatively higher in China.Compared to VSSA,the majority(53.4%)of the hVISA strains were agr 2,which was obviously different from VSSA.hVISA isolates were more diverse by spa typing,

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in the patients with burns during rehabilitation, and the relationships among PTSD symptom, PTG, neuroticism and resilience.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out among 110 patients with burns during rehabilitation.The PTSD Check-list-Civilian Version (PCL-C), Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Five Factors Inventory-Neuroticism Subscale (FFI-N) and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used.Result:A significant effect of different groups of marital status (F=5.66, P=0.019), annual household income (F=7.97, P=0.006), and neuroticism (F=34.24, P＜0.001, Partial η2=0.259) on PCL-C scores.A significant effect of different groups of gender (F=6.44, P=0.013) and resilience (F=14.87, P＜0.001, Partial η2=0.132) were significant for PTG scores.There existed a significant interaction between neuroticism and resilience on PTG (F=4.47, P=0.037, Partial η2=0.044).Conclusion:Being married, low annual household income, and high levels of neuroticism were associated with high PTSD symptom levels.Being female and high levels of resilience were associated with high PTG levels.Resilience moderated the effect of neuroticism on PTSD symptoms.

Objective To establish a new rat model of perinatal brain damage. Methods Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups: lipopolysaccharide （LPS） plus hypoxia (H) group: 17 d pregnant rats exposure in utero to LPS followed by hypoxia; hypoxia (H)/ ischemia (I) group: postnatal day 7 (P7) pups ligated the right common carotid artery followed by exposure to hypoxia (8% O2 ) for 2 h; control group: P7 pups incised the anteriorl cervical skin only. The footprint analysis, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and pathological observation were performed after 4 weeks. Results The left limb footprint repeatability of rat in HI and LPS plus H groups was poorer than that in control group （P<0.05）. The hindlimb quadriceps CMAP of rats in HI and LPS plus H groups showed that the wave amplitude was lower than that in control group （P<0.05）. The periventricular cells were irregular, and the periventricular leukomalacia was seen. The morphous of the neurocytes was irregular obviously, part of the nuclear membranes was broken down with the content leakage under transmission electron microscope. Conclusion The animal model for cerebral palsy has established, that mimics more the occurrence of this disease in human.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of D-AP5 (D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate, a specific NMDA-antagonist) on the increase of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) induced by glutamate in isolated cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs), and to detect the autoreceptors of the IHC membrane.

METHODSWhen a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) was used, the exogenous glutamate (Glu)-induced changes in [Ca2+]i of isolated IHCs and OHCs of guinea pig cochlea were observed with fluo-3, a fluorescent probe for [Ca2+]i. After D-AP5 or CNQX (6--cyano--7--nitroguinoxaline--2, 3--dione, a specific AMPA- antagonist) was administered, the exogenous glutamate (Glu)-induced changes in [Ca2+]i of isolated IHCs were recorded.

RESULTSIn the presence of a low concentration Glu (3.85 mumol/L), there was an increase of [Ca2+]i in IHCs, whereas there was no change in OHCs. When 50 mumol/L of D-AP5 was administrated in advance, Glu did not induce a corresponding increase in [Ca2+]i in IHCs, and 50 mumol/L of CNQX did not completely block the increase of [Ca2+]i in IHCs.

CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that the autoreceptors existing in the IHC membrane are mainly of NMDA type, while there are relatively few AMPA receptors. Exogenous Glu is capable of increasing [Ca2+]i in IHCs by acting on the NMDA autoreceptor of IHCs in a positive feedback manner.

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate ; pharmacology ; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Glutamic Acid ; pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner ; drug effects ; metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; antagonists & inhibitors

OBJECTIVETo determine the major factors affecting the conversion efficiency of naringin-HP-beta-CD that was enzymed to prepare naringenin were determined and select the process condition with high conversion efficiency, stable and suitable for industrial production.

METHODThe dropping method was used to prepare naringin-HP-beta-CD, which was hydrolyzed by snailase to obtain naringenin. With the bioconversion rate as the index, the effects of pH value, temperature, reaction time, dosage of enzyme and concentration of naringin-HP-beta-CD on conversion rate of naringenin were detected for the purpose of optimizing the preparation condition. the conversion efficiency of naringin-HP-beta-CD was verified by scanning calorimetry, and the Hydrolysis product was identified by H-NMR, and 13C-NMR.

RESULTThe optimum enzymolysis of naringin-HP-beta-CD with snailase was 98.4% under the conditions of 37 degrees C, a pH 5.0 acetic acid- sodium acetate buffer solution for 12 hours. The substrate concentration was 30 g x L(-1) and the weight ratio of enzyme and substrate was 3: 5. Under the optimum enzymolysis condition, the conversion rate of naringin-HP-beta-CD was higher than naringin that was not entrapped with HP-beta-CD, with 272.25 reaction product relative molecules. The structure of naringenin was confirmed by the analysis of 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.

CONCLUSIONNaringin which is entrapped with HP-beta-CD to prepare naringenin can significantly improve the conversion efficiency by shortening the reaction time, increasing the concentration of the substrate and reducing the amount of enzyme. Therefore, the process is stable and it was suitable for industrialization.

2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin ; Flavanones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Hydrolysis ; Solubility ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry

BACKGROUNDTo study the relationship between the serum levels of endostatin,VEGF and clinical and pathophysiological characteristics in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

METHODSThe serum levels of endostatin and VEGF were detected in 46 patients with NSCLC and 14 patients with benign pulmonary diseases as control by ELISA mothod.

RESULTS(1)The preoperative serum level of endostatin [( 20.85 ±4.56) μg/L] and VEGF [(1.75±0.37) μg/L] in lung cancer patients was significantly higher than those in patients with benign pulmonary diseases [(15.68±2.78) μg/L and (1.05±0.32) μg/L). (2)The preoperative serum level of endostatin and VEGF in lung cancer patients was closely related to P-TNM stages, distant metastasis, grade of cell differentiation and the size of the primary tumors ( P < 0.05), but not to the histological classification, type of the tumor, lymph node status, age, sex of the patients and smoking or not ( P > 0.05). (3)The serum level of endostatin in lung cancer patients on the 7th postoperative day [(23.41± 5.12 ) μg/L] was significantly higher than that before operation [(20.85±4.56) μg/L] ( P < 0.05) and on the 1st postoperative day [(18.89±4.67) μg/L] ( P < 0.001). The serum level of VEGF in lung cancer patients on the 7th postoperative day [(3.75±0.71) μg/L] was also significantly higher than that before operation [(1.72±0.46) μg/L] and on the 1st postoperative day [(2.22±0.58) μg/L] ( P < 0.001). (4)The preoperative serum level of endostatin was highly negatively correlated to serum VEGF level in lung cancer patients ( r=-0.380, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSElevation of serum endostatin and VEGF exists in patients with NSCLC. The serum levels of endostatin and VEGF in patients with NSCLC might be helpful to evaluate the biological behavior of lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the preliminary clinical efficacy of percutaneous plate internal fixation with fracture reduction oriented forcep in the treatment of lower humeral fractures. Methods A retrospective case control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 46 patients with lower humeral fractures admitted to Wuzhong People's Hospital of Suzhou from October 2013 to March 2015. There were 25 males and 21 females, aged 19-76 years, with an average age of 45. 7 years. A total of 22 patients ( percutaneous group) were treated with minimally invasive percutaneous internal fixation with self-developed fracture reduction oriented forcep according to the dimensionality reduction method (DRM). The other 24 patients (control group) were treated with open reduction internal fixation. The length of incision, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, the American Foot and Ankle Surgery Association ( AOFAS ) ankle-hindfoot score at the last follow-up, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results All patients were followed up for 12-24 months, with an average of 14. 6 months. There were statistically significant differences between percutaneous group and control group in incision length [(7.1 ±0.8)cm vs. (8.8 ±0.7)cm, operation time [(32.5 ±4.9)min vs. (39.2 ±4.3)min], intraoperative blood loss [(8.0 ±2.7) ml vs. (31.0 ± 11.4)ml], and fracture healing time (16.4 ±2.3)weeks vs. (19.5 ±2.9)weeks], respectively (all P<0.05). In percutaneous group, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was (92.3 ±5.9)points (range, 75-99 points ) , and the overall results were good and excellent in 21/22 ( 96％) including excellent results in 18 patients, good in three, fair in one and poor in 0. In control group, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was (91.8 ±4.9)points (range, 76-99 points), and the overall results were good and excellent in 23/24 (96％) including excellent results in 20 patients, good in three, fair in one and poor in 0. There was no significant difference in the excellent and good rate between two groups (P>0. 05). Poor wound healing was observed in one patient in control group. No case of nonunion was found in either group. Conclusion For lower humeral fractures, the percutaneous plate internal fixation with fracture reduction oriented forcep has the characteristics of simple operation, shortened operation time, reduced soft tissue injury and blood loss, and quick healing of the fracture, which is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To explore the relationship between advancing age and the risk of developing coronary artery disease(CAD) ,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM ) ,and both coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus(CAD+ T2DM ). Methods A case-control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between advancing age and the risk of CAD ,T2DM ,and CAD+ T2DM in middle-aged and elderly patients. Results Aging was independently associated with increased risk of T2DM and CAD + T2DM (P＜0.05).Compared with patients aged below 60 ,the risk of T2DM was higher in patients aged 70 or over(OR＝3.80 ,95% CI :2.39-6.04 ,P＝0.000) ;The risk of CAD+ T2DM was lower in patients aged below 60 than in patients aged 60 to 69(OR＝4.14 ,95% CI :2.60-6.60 ,P＝ 0.000)and in patients aged 70 or over (OR ＝ 11.50 ,95% CI :7.18-18.42 ,P＝ 0.000) . Patients of older ages had a 2.78 times higher risk of developing CAD+ T2DM. Conclusions The onset of T2DM ,and CAD+ T2DM is associated with age.