Objective To detect the effects of pancreatic kininogenase on the expression of TGF-?1 and collagen remodeling in myocardiom of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR).Methods Twenty-four male SHR(aged fifteen weeks)were randomly divided into three groups:SHR group,pancreatic kininogenase group and captopril group(n=8),8 male Wistar Kyoto rats with normol blood pressure was considered as control group.Pancreatic kininogenase was given by peritoneal injection(7.2 U? kg-1? d-1),captopril was given by intragastric administration(10 mg? kg-1? d-1),the rats in SHR group and control group were administered with 0.9% NaCl(2 mL ? kg-1? d-1)through peritoneal injection.After four-week experiment,the pressure was measured in rats througth carotid artery,the rats were sacrificed and left ventricular mass index,collagen volume fraction,peripheral vascular collagen area were measured.Myocardial tissue was stained with VG and pathological changes were observed.The expression of TGF-?1 were detected by immunohistochemical technique(SP method).Results The systolic blood pressure,left ventricular mass index,collagen volume fraction,peripheral vascular collagen area and the expression level of TGF-?1 in SHR group were obviously higher than those in control group(P0.05).Conclusion Pancreatic kininogenase can obviously control pressure and reverse myocardial fibrosis probably by decreasing the expression of TGF-?1 in SHR.

Objective To investigate the suppression to 2-glycoprotein-1-specific B cell response by human recombinant 2-glycoprotein-1 domain Ⅰ dimer(rh?2-GP1-DⅠ2) in rh?2-GP1 immunized mice.Methods The effects of treatment using rh?2-GP1-DⅠ2 on titer and ratio of anti-?2-GP1 were analyzed by solid phase ELISA.The number of splenic ?2-GP1-specific antibody-forming cells(AFC) was counted by ELISPOT.Results The levels of anti-?2-GP1 from rh?2-GP1 immunized mice treated with rh?2-GP1-DⅠ2 were significantly decreased compared with those in negative controls(P

Objective To explore the protective effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4I) on AD-like neurodegenerative changes and its mechanism. Methods The human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y on the logarithmic phase was divided into six groups:control group (CON group, treated with PBS contained 1‰DMSO for 12 h), wortmannin intervention group (W group, treated with 0.03 μmol/L wortmannin for 12 h), DPP-4I intervention group (DPP-4I group, treated with 10μmol/L DPP-4I for 12 h), both DPP-4I and wortmannin intervention group (DPP-4I+W group, pre-treated with 10 μmol/L DPP-4I for 2 h, then 0.03 μmol/L wortmannin for 12 h), DPP-4I, wortmannin and Ex9-39 intervention group (DPP-4I+W+Ex9-39 group, pre-treated with 10μmol/L Ex9-39 for 2 h, then 10μmol/L DPP-4I for 2 h followed by 0.03μmol/L wortmannin for 12 h), and Ex9-39 intervention group (Ex9-39 group, treated with 10μmol/L Ex9-39 for 12 h). MTT assay was used to detect the cell vitality. Western blot assay was used to detect the level of total tau protein (tau-5) and phosphorylated tau at different sites (pSpS199/202, pT231 and pS396), the level of phosphorylated neurofilaments (NF-H, NF-M) and phosphorylation of critical enzyme in PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Results (1) The cell vitality decreased, the levels of pSpS199/202, pT231, pS396 and NF-H/M increased significantly in W group than those in CON group. However, comparing with CON group, the above mentioned parameters reversed in DPP-4I group. Comparing with W group, the cell vitality increased and phosphorylated levels of above mentioned indices were decreased in DPP-4I+W group. (2) The cell vitality showed a decline trend while the levels of phosphorylation tau at three different sites and NF-H/M were higher in Ex9-39 group than those in CON group. Comparing with DPP-4I+W group, the results of the phosphorylated levels showed the same changes in DPP-4I+W+Ex9-39 group. (3) Comparing with CON group, the expression levels of phosphorylated PI3K, Akt and GSK3β increased significantly in DPP-4I group, while those decreased in W group. Additionally, the expression levels of phosphorylated PI3K, Akt and GSK3β were significantly increased in DPP-4I+W group than those in W group. Conclusion DPP-4I can enhance the level of GLP-1 and activate PI3K/Akt/GSK-3βinsulin signaling pathway to improve the hyperphosphorylated tau and NFs induced by wortmannin, and to protect AD-like neurodegeneration.

Objective To elucidate the difference between methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)and methicillin-sensitive S.aureus (MSSA)in terms of genotypes and distribution of virulence genes with the clinical strains isolated from Hohhot,and explore the relationship between the changing resistance of S.aureus and the virulence transition.Methods Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)and multi locus sequence typing (MLST)methods were employed to do molecular typing for 30 MRSA strains and 30 MSSA strains isolated from inpatients in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia.PCR method was used to profile the distribution of virulence genes among these strains.Results PFGE typing results showed that 60 S.aureus strains were classified into 19 major types.MSSA strains belonged to 16 types,mainly types I and H.MRSA strains mainly belonged to types of K and M.Among the 20 strains with different PFGE types,MRSA strains were mainly identified as ST-239 type.but the prevalence of sec ,seg ,sei,sem,sen,seo,fnbB ,ebpS and cap 5 was higher in MSSA strains than in MRSA strains (P<0.05).Conclusions The clinical strains of S .aureus isolated from Hohhot showed diverse genotyping features.ST-239 was the major PFGE type of MRSA strains.The prevalence of virulence genes was higher in MSSA strains than in MRSA strains. Characteristic cluster is found for specific virulence genes.The results also suggest that acquisition of specific antibiotic resistance may be associated with change of specific virulence feature in S.aureus.

Objective To discuss the clinical application of CT-guided percutaneous puncture biopsy in diagnosing thyroid nodes. Methods A total of 65 patients with thyroid nodes were enrolled in this study. CT-guided percutaneous puncture biopsy of thyroid nodes was carried out in all 65 patients. The puncture biopsy results were compared with the postoperative pathologic findings. Results Successful puncturing of thyroid node was accomplished in all 65 patients. One patient developed subcutaneous hematoma. The coincidence rate between puncture biopsy results and postoperative pathologic findings was 93.8%(61/65). Five of 6 cases with thyroid cancer agreed with the pathologic diagnosis. Conclusion For the diagnosis of thyroid diseases, CT-guided percutaneous puncture biopsy is simple, safe and reliable, with higher success rate.

Objective:To observe the change of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells and Th17 cells in mice with experimental anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome ( EAPS ) .Methods: EAPS model was established by immunizing BALB/c mice with recombinant humanβ2 glycoprotein 1 (rhβ2GP1).The levels of serum anti-β2 glycoprotein 1 (anti-β2GP1),anti-cardiolipin antibody (aCA),IL-17,IL-2,IL-6 and TGF-βwere tested by ELISA.The rate of abortion,activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and platelet count were also detected.Flow cytometry was applied to detect the percentages of the CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells and Th17 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Results:Compared with the control group,the levels of anti-β2 GP1,aCA,IL-17,IL-2 and IL-6 were significantly increased,the rate of abortion was increased,APTT time was prolonged and the levels of TGF-βand platelet count were de-creased in model mice (P<0.05).No significant difference was detected of percentage of Treg cells in PBMC at the eighth weeks in model group (P>0.05),but percentage of Treg cells was lower than that in control group after 12 weeks (P<0.05);the percentage of Th17 cells in model group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).In addition,the ratio of Treg/Th17 cells was lower in model mice than that in control group.Conclusion: The imbalance of CD4+CD25 Treg/Th17 cells may participate in the pathogenesis of EAPS.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture postconditioning on the expression of microRNA-1 (miRNA-1) in rats with arrhythmias induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).Methods:Twenty-four clean-grade healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 280-320 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), I/R group and electroacupuncture postconditioning group (EP group). The model of myocardial reperfusion arrhythmia was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 30-min reperfusion in anesthetized rats.The artery was only isolated without ligation after thoracotomy in group S. Bilateral Neiguan acupoints were stimulated for 30 min starting from the time point immediately after reperfusion in EP group.The occurrence of arrhythmia during reperfusion was recorded.The rats were sacrificed at 30 min of reperfusion, and hearts were removed for examination of the pathological changes of the myocardium and for determination of miRNA-1 expression (by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and expression of Kir2.1 and connexin 43 (Cx43) (by Western blot). Results:Compared with S group, the incidence of arrhythmia was significantly increased, the expression of miRNA-1 was up-regulated, and the expression of Kir2.1 and Cx43 was down-regulated in I/R and EP groups ( P<0.05). Compared with I/R group, the incidence of arrhythmia was significantly decreased, the expression of miRNA-1 was down-regulated, and the expression of Kir2.1 and Cx43 was up-regulated in EP group ( P<0.05). The pathological changes of myocardium were accentuated in I/R and EP groups when compared with S group, and the pathological changes were significantly attenuated in EP group when compared with I/R group. Conclusion:The mechanism by which electroacupuncture postconditioning reduces the occurrence of reperfusion arrhythmia is related to up-regulation of Kir2.1 and Cx43 expression after down-regulation of miRNA-1 expression in rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane on the electrophysiological stability of i-solated rat hearts subjected to hypothermic perfusion. Methods Clean-grade healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 280-360 g, were heparinized and anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Their hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution saturated with 95％ O2-5％CO2 at 37℃. Twenty-four Langendorff-perfused hearts were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a ran-dom number table method: control group ( C group ) , sevoflurane group ( S group ) , 32 ℃ hypothermia group ( H group) and 32℃ hypothermia plus sevoflurane group ( HS group) . After 15 min of equilibration, the isolated hearts were continuously perfused for 30 min with K-H solution at 37℃, with K-H solution con-taining 2. 3％ sevoflurane at 37 ℃, with K-H solution at 32 ℃, and with K-H solution containing 2. 3％sevoflurane at 32℃ in C, S, H and HS groups, respectively. Heart rate and monophasic action potential in three layers of the left ventricular anterior wall were recorded at 15 min of equilibration ( T0 ) and 30 of con-tinuous perfusion ( T2 ) , the transmural dispersion of repolarization ( TDR) were calculated, and the occur-rence of arrhythmia was observed. Results Compared with C and S groups, the heart rate was significantly decreased and TDR was enlarged at T1 , and the incidence of arrhythmia was increased in H and HS groups ( P<0. 05) . Compared with H group, TDR was significantly reduced at T1 , and the incidence of arrhythmia was decreased in HS group ( P<0. 05) . Conclusion Sevoflurane can improve the electrophysiological in-stability of isolated rat hearts subjected to hypothermic perfusion, and thus decrease the development of ar-rhythmia.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of desflurane on the electrophysiological stability of hearts in female patients.Methods Forty female patients,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 20-50 yr,weighing 45-77 kg,scheduled for elective surgery with general anesthesia,were divided into 2 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table method:0.6 MAC group (group D1) and 1.3 MAC group (group D2).The intravenous access was opened after admission to the operating room,midazolam 0.1 mg/kg,vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg,fentanyl 3 μg/kg and etomidate 0.3 mg/kg were injected intravenously,and mechanical ventilation was performed after tracheal intubation.The concentrations of desflurane reached 0.6 and 1.3 MAC in D1 and D2 groups,respectively.Twelve-lead electrocardiograms were collected before anesthesia induction (T1),at 5 min after intubation (T2) and at 20 min after reaching the set concentration of desflurane (T3).The QT interval and Tpe interval were measured,the QTc interval,Tp-e/QT ratio and index of cardiac electrophysiological balance were calculated,and the development of arrhythmia was also observed.Results The QT interval and QTc interval were significantly longer,and the Tp-e/QT ratio was lower at T3 than at T1,2 in two groups (P＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in QT interval,Tp-e/QT ratio or index of cardiac electrophysiological balance at each time point between two groups (P＞0.05).No arrhythmia was found in neither group.Conclusion The clinical concentration of desflurane affects the electrophysiological stability of hearts to some extent in female patients without causing arrhythmia.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) at Neiguan on dexmedetomidine-induced bradycardia in patients.Methods:Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 20-50 yr, weighing 48-60 kg, scheduled for elective gynecological surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C) and TEAS group (group T). Dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was infused intravenously over 10 min followed by intravenous infusion 0.5 μg·kg -1·min -1 in two groups, and the patients in group T simultaneously received TEAS (frequency 2/100 Hz, disperse-dense wave, intensity 5-10 mA according to the current that could be tolerated) at bilateral Neiguan acupoints.The stimulator was only connected, and no current was given in group C. Before the infusion of dexmedetomidine (T 0) and at 10 min of dexmedetomidine infusion (T 1), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) was recorded, and electrocardiogram (ECG) was collected to calculate the PR interval, QT interval, QT interval, Tp-e interval and index of cardiac electrophysiological balance (iCEB). The development of arrhythmia was recorded. Results:Compared with the baseline value at T 0, HR was significantly decreased, and QT interval and PR interval were prolonged at T 1 in two groups, and iCEB was increased, and Tp-e interval was prolonged at T 1 in group C ( P<0.05). Compared with group C, HR was significantly increased, PR interval and Tp-e interval were shortened at T 1, and the incidence of bradycardia and atrioventricular block was increased in group T ( P<0.05). Conclusion:TEAS at Neiguan can decrease the risk of bradycardia induced by dexmedetomidine, and the mechanism may be related to shortening atrioventricular conduction time and reducing heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization in patients.