Objective To observe the effect of extract of Coprinus comatus on small intestinal propulsion and gastric emptying function in mice.Methods Effect of extract of Coprinus comatus at different doses on small intestinal propulsion and gastric emptying function was observed in normal mice,neostigmine-load mice and epinephrine-load mice by charcoal powder method and by modified phenol red method respectively.Results The small intestinal propulsion of normal mice was promoted by the extract of Coprinus comatus at the doses of 3.0,6.0,9.0 and 12.0 g/kg,and the gastric emptying function of normal mice was promoted by the extract of Coprinus comatus at the doses of 1.5,3.0,6.0,9.0 and 12.0 g/kg,the difference being significant as compared with the normal group (P

Objective To investigate the expression and clinicalsignificance of neutrophils heparin binding protein (HBP) and CD64 in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to explore the clinical value. Methods From March 2015 to December 2015 , 197 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 223 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and 265 healthy persons were recruited in this study. 223 patients with AECOPD were divided into two groups based on bacteria concentration in lower respiratory. Infection group was defined as patients with bacteria concentration exceeded 107 cfu/mL group. The rest of patients were in the non-bacterial infection group. Flow cytometry was used to analyzeexpression of CD64 and convert to index of CD64. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze expression of HBP. PCT, hs-CRP and WBC were measured at the same time. Results CD64 , HBP , CRP , WBC and PCT were highly expressed inthe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary patients than those in the chronic obstructive pulmonary patients and healthy group (P<0.01). CD64, HBP , CRP , WBC and PCT were highly expressed inthe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary bacterial infection group patients before treatment than thenon-bacterial infection group (P<0.01). HBP, CD64, CRP , WBC and PCT decline dramatically inthe AECOPDbacterial infection group patients after treatment , which were close to the levels in non-bacterial infection group.When the intercept value of CD64 index was defined as 4.0, the sensitivity to diagnose AECOPD bacterial infection was 92.2% with specificity of 86.2%. When the intercept value of HBP index was defined as 49 ng/mL , the sensitivity to diagnose AECOPD bacterial infection was 87.3% with specificity of 92.3%. Therefore, 4.0 of CD64 index and 49ng/ml of HBP index could be used as sensitive indicator of AECOPD detectedby bacterial infections. Conclusion HBP,CD64 were highly expressed in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary patients than the those of chronic obstructive pulmonary patients and healthygroup, and decline dramatically after treatment. HBP and CD64 has high sensitivity and specificity to diagnose AECOPD bacterial infection. HBP and CD64 could be used as the indicators of auxiliary diagnosis of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to guide the clinical medication.

BACKGROUND: Thermotherapy has achieved remarkable therapeutic effect on patients with esophageal cancer. However, there are still some problems which cannot be answered today, such as the damage of esophageal mucosa during deep thermotherapy when metal stent is placed in esophagus. OBJECTIVE: To study the metal stent-caused damages to esophageal mucosa of pigs in radiofrequency hyperthermia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Observational study which was performed in the Department of Tumor, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College from October 2004 to January 2005. MATERIALS: 13 pigs weighing 35-40 kg were used in this study. Esophagus stent of memory alloy with membrane was provided by Zhiye Medical Apparatus Institute of Changzhou, China METHODS: Five points were located for measurement, i.e. the middle of the stent, the exit of the stent, 2 cm and 4 cm a distance from the exit and 4 cm from the entrance. Esophagus of 13 pigs was heated for 30 minutes by SR-1000 radiofrequency hyperthermia machine in frequency of 40.82 MHz, pole plate of 25 cm Ⅱ 25 cm and power of 500-700 W. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The esophageal mucosa was observed with naked eyes. And optical microscopy was used to observe the changes of the esophageal mucosa. RESULTS: Because one pig died of anesthesia and there were troubles of thermal detector lines in 4 pigs, only 8 pigs were included in the final analysis. Level of damage of esophageal mucosa on five temperature checkpoints was observed from grade 0 to 1 in naked eyes, and the difference of damaged level between five checkpoints was not obvious in statistics (H=2.0, P=0.157). Level of the damage was observed from grade 0 to 2 in microscope, and the difference was not obvious in statistics too (H=2.734, P=0.255). CONCLUSION: Influence of the metal stent on esophageal mucosa can be neglected in radiofrequency hyperthermia, and metal stent does not cause obvious mechanical damage or thermal damage to esophageal mucosa of pigs. It is safe and feasible to carry out radiofrequency hyperthermia on placed metal stent esophagus.

Objective To investigate the association between SLC10A1 gene mutations in c.800G>A mutation and c.356 +1098C >T mutation, and the susceptibility to HBV infection by mother-to-child transmission ( MTCT) .Methods Totally 306 individuals born to HBeAg-positive mothers with high load HBV and without receiving nucleotide analogues treatment, including 247 HBV-infected cases and 59 non-HBV-infected ones were enrolled from Southwest Hospital during May 2011 and July 2015.Blood samples were collected from all the subjects, then genomic DNA was extracted and c.800G>A mutation and c.356+1098C>T mutation of SLC10A1 were genotyped .Chi-square test (Pearsonχ2or continuity correctionχ2) was performed to identify the difference in genotypes between two groups.Results Among vaccinated individuals (55 HBV infected and 56 not infected), the frequency of genotype GA of c.800G>A mutation in non-infected ones was 14.3%(8/56), there was a tendency of increasing compared with HBV infected ones (5.5%, 3/55), but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 =2.424, P =0.119). Similarly, the frequencies of genotypes CC, CT and TT of the c.356+1098C>T mutation in HBV infected ones were 20.0%(11/55), 47.3%(26/55) and 32.7%(18/55), while those in non-infected ones were 12.5% (7/56), 69.6% (39/56) and 17.9% (10/56), and the difference was not of statistical significance (χ2 =5.766, P=0.056).In all subjects (vaccinated and non-vaccinated), the frequency of genotype GA of c.800G>A mutation in non-HBV infected group had an increasing tendency compared with HBV-infected offspring (13.6% vs.6.9%), but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 =2.010, P=0.156);the frequencies of genotype CC, CT and TT of c.356+1098C>T mutation in HBV infected patients were 20.2%(50/247), 49.8%(123/247) and 30.0%(74/247), while those in non-HBV-infected group were 11.9%(7/59), 69.5%(41/59) and 18.6%(11/59), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =7.436, P =0.024 ) .Within the HBV infected group, the frequencies of genotype GA of c.800G>A mutation were 5.5%(3/55) in vaccinated individuals and 7.3%(14/192) in non-vaccinated individuals, and the difference was not of statistical significance (χ2 =0.030, P=0.863);Similarly, the frequencies of genotype CC, CT and TT of c.356 +1098C >T mutation in vaccinated individuals were 20.0%(11/55), 47.3%(26/55) and 32.7%(18/55), while those in non-vaccinated individuals were 20.3%(39/192), 50.5%(97/192) and 29.2%(56/192), and the difference was not of statistical significance (χ2 =0.274, P=0.872).Conclusion c.356+1098C>T mutation in SLC10A1 may be associated with susceptibility to HBV infection of child born in HBeAg positive pregnant women infected with high load HBV.

To analyze the potential limitations of hospital-level research projects management by summarizing its performance status from 2008 to 2011,including but not limited to lack of time for conducting research,insufficient financial funds,inadequate funding application,inadequate supervision.Thus,since 2014,our hospital has adopted some new measurements for projects management,including full-time research,hierarchical management,full mobilization,the establishment of reward and punishment measures,which significantly improved the quality of hospital-level research projects,and the rate of longitudinal follow-up project,research enthusiasm of medical staff,and sustainable development of hospital science and technology.

Objective To investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms of Dectin-2 and pulmonary cryptococcosis.Methods A total of 134 non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis and 464 healthy controls were included in this case control study.The peripheral leucocyte DNA was extracted and genotyping was performed by multiplex SNaPshot technology.The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)of rs11045418 located at 5′-flanking locus of Dectin-2 gene was genotyped.Patients without predisposing conditions were compared independently.The differences of gene polymorphism distributions compared between pulmonary patients and healthy control, and between patients without predisposing conditions and healthy control.All data were analyzed withχ2 tests.Results Among the total 134 patients,82 patients had no predisposing factors.Thirty two patients met the proven diagnosis criteria and 102 patients were probable pulmonary cryptococcosis.According to the site of infection, 72 patients had local infection in lungs and 62 patients had disseminated cryptococcosis.Three samples failed in genotyping,one of which was a patient without predisposing factor.Compared with the control group,there was a trend of increasing proportion of heterozygote rs11045418 CT in the 131 pulmonary cryptococcosis patients (59% vs 50%,P =0.069,OR=1.44,95%CI :0.97-2.13),and the heterozygote was significantly increased in 81 patients without predisposing conditions(64% vs 50%,P =0.017,OR= 1 .82,95 %CI :1 .11 -2.95 ).No significant difference of genotype distribution was found between the local and disseminated infection patients.Conclusion Our study shows that rs11045418 CT heterozygote in Dectin-2 is associated with the susceptibility of pulmonary cyrptococcosis among non-HIV-infected Chinese patients,which indicated that the change of Dectin-2 receptor may play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary cyrptococcosis.

Objective This study was to investigate the effect of caloric restriction on the plasticity of visual cortex in adult monocular deprivation (MD) amblyopic mice,as well as to promote the treatment of amblyopia,and to explore the possible molecular mechanism of this benefical effect.Methods Fifty healthy newborn Kunming mice of clean grade were randomly divided into 3 groups using a random number table method:normal control group (n =14),MD+ ad libitum group (n=18) and MD+ caloric restriction group (n=18).A mouse model of adult MD amblyopia was established,and caloric restriction intervention and ad libitum were performed on MD + caloric restriction group and MD+ ad libitum group,respectively.The visual acuity and flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP) of each group were detected.The synaptic structure of visual cortex neurons was observed by transmission electron microscope,and the expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase-α(p-AMPKα) and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) in visual cortex were detected by Western blot.The animal feeding and use was in accordance with the standards set by the ARVO.Results The weight of mice in MD+ caloric restriction group increased from the beginning of the first week,and was significantly lower than that in the MD + ad libitum group (P＜0.05).Compared with the MD+ ad libitum group,the visual acuity was restored,the latency was shortened,and the amplitude of F-VEP was increased in the deprived eyes of MD+ caloric restriction group (all at P＜0.05).Transmission electron microscope observation showed that the width of synaptic gap of visual cortical neurons was significantly narrower,and the thickness of postsynaptic density was significantly thicker in MD+ caloric restriction group than that in the MD+ ad libitum group (both at P＜0.05);compared with the normal control group,the synaptic gap was widened and the postsynaptic density was significantly thicker than that in the MD+ ad libitum group (both at P＜0.05).Western blot showed that the expression of p-AMPKα in visual cortex in the normal control group,MD+ caloric restriction group and MD+ ad libitum group was 0.89±0.03,0.94±0.02 and 0.74 ±0.02,and the expression of SIRT1 was 0.97±0.11,0.95±0.14 and 0.58±0.13,respectively,showing significant differences among the three groups (F =14.57,P =0.00;F=23.91,P=0.00),the expressions of p-AMPKα and SIRT1 in visual cortex were increased in MD+ caloric restriction group than those in M D+ ad libitum group (both at P＜0.05).Conclusions Caloric restriction can restore the ultrastructure of synapses and improve the visual cortical plasticity in adult MD mice,so that help to improve visual function.Its mechanism may be related to the activation of AMPK-SIRT1 pathway.

Objective To explore the clinical efficary of modified four-step laparoscopic splenec-tomy and pericardial devascularization.Methods The clinical data of 72 patients with portal hypertension who were admitted to our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into modified four-step laparoscopic group(36 patients)and open group(36 patients). The clinical indicators(operation time,amount of intraoperative blood loss,hospital stay,total hospitalization expenses,and intraoperative bleeding rate)and the incidence of postoperative complications were compared among the two groups.Re-sults The intraoperative blood loss(755.16 ± 50.23),Intraoperative bleeding rate(13%)and hospital stay(14.77 ± 2.09)of open group was higher than the modified four-step laparoscopic group(462.02 ± 61.42,11.11%,9.45 ± 3.20,P<0.05).The median operation time(187.67 ± 32.10)and the cost of hospitalization(42368. 70)of open group was lower than the modified four-step laparoscopic group (265.79 ± 48.23,50143.46,P<0.05).There were no significant differences in perioperative complica-tion rate among the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions The procedure of modified four-step laparo-scopic splenectomy and pericardial devascularization has safe,feasible and with good therapeutic effect.It can significantly reduce the blood flow and blood transfusion in patients with probability,shorten the hospi-talization,lower the incidence of postoperative complications to some extent.However,the cost of hospital-ization and the time of operation are still relatively high,and further improvement should be made on the clinical application.

Objective To investigate the role of spinal cord chemokine CXC ligand13(CXCL13) in the formation of rat bone cancer pain(BCP).Methods Twenty healthy female SD rats weighing 160-200 g were divided into four groups(n=5):sham operation group(S),BCP group(BP),small interference RNA(siRNA) negative control(NC-siRNA) group (NC) and CXCL13-siRNA group(CS).Normal saline was given by tibial medullary cavity injection in the S group.The tibial BCP model was established by tibial medullary cavity injection of equivalent Walker-256 breast cancer cells in the group BP,NC and CS.NC-siRNA lentivirus and CXCL13-siRNA lentivirus were injected intrathecally in the group NC and CS respectively.The mechanical pain threshold was measured on 1 d before model construction and on postoperative 7,9,14,21 d.The rats were killed after pain threshold measurement.The spinal cord and tibial tissue were taken.The co-expression of spinal CXCL13,microglia specific marker Iba-1 and neuron specific neucleoprotein NeuN was determined by using the immunofluorescence double standard staining,and expressions of CXCL13 and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) protein and mRNA in spinal cord were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR;the HE staining microscopy was adopted to observe the tibial bone structure destroy situation.Results Compared with group S,the mechanical pain threshold in theBP group and NC group was decreased on 7-21 d after inoculation,CXCL13 expression in neuron was significantly increased and microglia was obviously activated,the expression of CXCL13 and Iba-1 protein and mRNA was significantly elevated (P＜0.05);compared with the NC group,the mechanical pain threshold on 9-21 d after model construction in the CS group was significantly increased,CXCL13 expression in neurons was significantly decreased,microglia activation was decreased and expression of CXCL13 and Iba-1 protein and mRNA was significantly decreased(P＜0.05);HE staining showed that the model groups appeared the tumor growth in bone marrow cavity,moreover which was eroded outwards and destroyed bone cortex,but no abnormality was found in the S group.Conclusion Spinal cord CXCL13 is involved in the BCP formation in rats by activating microglia.

Objective To examine role and possible mechanism of enriched environment (EE) on regulating recovery of visual function in adult monocular deprivation amblyopia mice.Methods A total of 72 healthyKunming mice were divided into normal control group,monocular deprivation (MD) group,MD+EE group and M D+ fluoxetine group by random number table.Except for the normal control group,the mice in the other groups were sutured on the right eyelid 21 days after birth to establish MD amblyopia model.the mice were fed in standard environment or EE for 4 weeks according to the group.Visual acuity and flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP) of mice in each group were detected.The distribution of microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) in visual cortex of adult amblyopic mice were detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of MAP2,synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) protein in visual cortex of adult amblyopic mice were detected by western blot.The experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Hunan Children's Hospital and conformed to the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.Results There was a significant difference in the visual acuity of deprived eye among each group (F=114.632,P＜0.001).The visual acuity in MD group is lower than that in normal control group,with a significant difference (t =15.480,P＜0.001).Compared with MD group,visual acuity was restored in MD+ EE group and MD +fluoxetine group,with significant differences (t =15.071,P ＜ 0.001;t =14.841,P ＜ 0.001).There was a significant difference in the P2 latency and amplitude of F-VEP in deprived eye among each group (F=36.510,P=0.000;F=34.140,P=0.000).Compare with normal control group,P2 latency was prolonged and P2 amplitude of F-VEP was decreased in deprived eye in MD group,with significant differences (t =10.220,P =0.000;t =10.09,P =0.000).Western blot assay showed that there was a significant difference in the expression of MAP2 in visual cortex contralateral deprived eye among each group (F=18.142,P=0.000).The expression of MAP2 in MD group was significantly lower than that in normal contral group (t=3.056,P＜0.01);Compared with MD group,MAP2 expression was increased in MD+EE group and MD+fluoxetine group (t =2.541,P =0.031;t =2.157,P =0.017).There were significant differences in the expression of SYP and PSD-95 in visual cortex contralateral to deprived eye among each group (F =12.871,P =0.000;F =25.060,P =0.000).Compared with normal contral group,SYP and PSD-95 expression in visual cortex were down-regulated in MD group,with significant differences (t =6.054,P =0.000;t =8.631,P =0.000).The expression of SYP and PSD-95 protein in MD+EE group and MD+fluoxetine group were significantly higher than those in MD group (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions EE can recover visual function through up-regulating the expression of MAP2,which can modulate the dendritic branch trim and neural plasticity of visual cortex in adult MD mice.