【Objective】In-vitro antibacterial activity of the combination of Herba Violae(HV)and Herba Taraxaci(HT)in different proportions was compared and analyzed for the optimization of the combination proportion of Herba Violae and Herba Taraxaci and the influencing factors.【Methods】The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of the combination of HV and HT was determined by agar double dilution method and the minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)by broth dilution method,and bactericidal curve was traced.Meanwhile,the resistance of the combination of HV and HT induced by sub-inhibitory concentration was analyzed,and the influencing factors of in-vitro antibacterial activity were investigated.【Results】The combination of HV and HT in the proportion of 1∶4 had a better antibacterial activity on four kinds of gram-positive bacteria and on four kinds of gramnegative bacteria,and exerted an bactericidal effect on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae(both MBC_(50)/MIC_(50) and MBC_(90)/MIC_(90) being 2).The bactericidal curve showed that 2?Log cfu/mL bacteria strain could be killed by the combination of the proportion being 1∶4 at 8~(th) hour,the effect being superior to that of other two combinations.Inoculation dosage,serum amount and pH value had no effect on in-vitro antibacterial activity.【Conclusion】The combination of HV and HT in the proportion of 1∶4 has a better antibacterial activity.

Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs)have various pathological types,extremely different biological behaviors,and different progno-sis.Current diagnosis of PCLs mainly depends on a comprehensive analysis of the patient's medical history,clinical manifestations,imaging examinations,serological examinations,fine needle aspiration biopsy,and cytological examination of cyst fluid.Needle -based confocal la-ser endomicroscopy (nCLE)is a novel method of microscopic endoscopy and is compatible with 19 -gauge puncture needle.Under the guid-ance of endoscopic ultrasound,nCLE can achieve real -time in vivo imaging of the cellular and subcellular structures of diseased tissues and thus helps with the accurate diagnosis of PCLs.This article reviews the application of nCLE in the diagnosis of PCLs.

Objective To compare the clearing effect between combination use of mosapride and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethylene glycol only for colonoscopy preparation of patients with constipation caused by functional diseases.Methods A total of 212 adult patients who underwent colonoscopy examination were recruited to this randomized single blinded controlled study.Patients in control group received 3 liters of PEG only,whereas patients of experimental group received 10mg mosapride 30min before 3liter PEG.The patients were surveyed for the tendency of constipation.Experimental variables including time of first defecation and completion of bowel cleansing,defecation frequency,and degree of discomfort during colonoscopy preparation were recorded.Results The times of first defecation and completion of bowel cleansing of experimental group were shorter than those of control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ),but there were no significant differences in defecation frequency,the degree of discomfort and the bowel cleansing quality between 2 groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The percentages of patients with constipation in control and experimental groups were 26.61％ and 26.67％,respectively.The defecation frequency and the degree of discomfort of constipative patients were similar in both groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The time of first defecation and time of completion of bowel cleansing of constipative patients in experimental group were shorter than those in control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The bowel cleansing quality of constipative patients in experimental group was better than that of control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no difference in defecation frequency and adverse reaction between 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Combination of mosapride and PEG for colonoscopy preparations of patients with functional constipation tends to shorten times of first defecation and completion of bowel cleansing,and to increase the bowel cleansing quality.

At present,the diagnosis of gastric cancer and precancerous changes mainly depends on the histological examination of biopsy samples.Confocal laser endomicroscopy could enable realtime observation of tissue,cellular,and subcellular structure of gastrointestinal tract,and differentiate normal,hyperplastic,and neoplastic mucosa.Confocal laser endomicroscopy has shown the superiority and value in in vivo diagnosis of gastric cancer and precancerous changes, including atrophic gastritis,intestinal metaplasia,and intraepithelial neoplasia,et al.This article reviewed the advances in studies of the diagnosis of gastric cancer and precancerous changes by confocal laser endomicroscopy.

Objective To investigate the expression of human telomerase RNA component (hTERC)gene in cervical scraping samples, and the relationship between hTERC gene and cervical lesions. Methods The fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect the expression of hTERC oncogene in cervical scraping samples in 100 cases, including 76 cases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, meanwhile, high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) were detected by Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) . The other 24 cases were negative for intraepithelial lesion (NILM). Results The positive expression rates of the hTERC gene in NILM,ASCUS, ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL and cervical cancer were 0, 32.25 %, 75.00 %, 35.71 %, 81.81 % and 100.00 % respectively. hTERC gene positive expression in normal group was less significantly than that in abnormal groups (P <0.05). There was a significantly difference between HSIL and ASCUS, LSIL (x2 = 6.1736, x2 =5.0004, P <0.05). The positive expression rates of the HR-HPV in ASCUS, ASC-H, LSIL and HSIL or higher lesions were 54.80 %, 75.00 %, 60.70 %, 90.90 % and 100.00 % respectively. HR-HPV positive expression in HSIL or higher lesions were more significantly than that in ASCUS group (x2=4.1767, P<0.05). Conclusion The overexpression of hTERC gene may play an important role in cervical carcinogenesis, therefore it can be used as a better tumor marker for prospective in early cervical cancer progresses.

Objective To observe the effect of acute cerebral infarction treated with FPD.Methods 50 cases of acute cerebral infarction patient were treated with FPD as observation group according to the diagnostic standard that made in 1986,Other 50 cases of comparable patirnt were as control so that to compare the curative effect.Results The nerve function deficiency in observation group was maredry hower than.Concusions FDP could reach an obvions effect that treat acute cercbral infarction via some aspecta.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of nuvastatin on the high level of serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and itsclinical significance in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Methods In this study, 104 patients with microalbu-winuric type 2 diebetic h?phropathy) were divided into two groups randomly: the flu vastatin. group (zomg per day P.O. )and the control group. The efficacy at 6 weeks' beatment was evaluated. The serum Lp(a) concentration and the activityof tissue-type plasminogen activator(tPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI) were measured by enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay and chromogenic substances assay respechtively in all of the patients. Results At the beginning. ser-um Lp(a ) level and PAI activity along with a low tPA activity were abnormally high in every patient. In addition, the levelof Ccr was unconventionally high. After 6 weeks,the level of serum Lp(a) and the activity of PAI and tPA were cowectedsignilicanily in the teated group compared with the other group(P

Objective To study the mechanisms and expressions of Fas/FasL in the lungs,spleens and lymph nodes of SARS patients.Methods The lungs,spleens and lymph nodes specimens of four autopsy cases and one control subject were studied with immunohistochemical mehod.Results Compared with normal tissues,apoptotic cells increased significantly in the spleens,lungs and lymph nodes of SARS patients.The apoptotic cells of lungs included alveolar epithelial ones,bronchial epithelial ones,monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes.Apoptosis in the spleens and the lymph nodes was observed primarily in monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes.Conclusion Over-expression of Fas/FasL is a general phenomenon in SARS,suggesting that Fas/FasL may play a key role in the pathogenesis of SARS.

Objective To observe the effects of rectal thermal- and pressure- stimuli on visceral perception thresholds in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and investigate its pathogenesis. Methods Rectal visceral perception thresholds were examined in 46 patients with IBS and in 13 normal controls after rectal thermal- and pressure stimuli. Subjects were asked to report its sensation, location and spread. Results Compared with healthy subjects, IBS patients, especially those with diarrhea-predominant IBS, demonstrated significantly lower perception thresholds to rectal thermal and pressure stimuli. Ice had varied effects on symptoms in patients with IBS and no effects on perception thresholds. Conclusion Visceral perception thresholds were decreased significantly after rectal thermal-and pressure- stimuli in patients with IBS. Visceral hypersensitivity is one of the important pathogenesis in IBS.

Objective To explore the feasibility of establishing the model of chronic blliary(pancreatitis) by incompletely ligaturing common bile duct.Methods Fifty Wistar rats were randomly(divided) into three groups: control group,experimental control group and model group.The rats in model group were exposed the root of common bile duct to enter duodenum using the dissolubility bowel line to ligating a needle with common bile duct,then drew out the needle,closing the abdominal cavity.The rats in experiment control group were opened the abdominal cavity and dissociated common bile duct,then closing the abdominal cavity.Results Compared with control group,the serum bilirubin and(amylase) of blood in model group were increased in 3 days and 14 days respectively and fibrotic(proliferation) of pancreatic tissues were found in 30 days.In model group,23% of rats developed(pancreatic) pseudocyst.Conclusions Incompletely ligating the common bile duct of Wistar rats could(induce) chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic fibrosis in 30 days.Strictures of common biliary duct may play a key role in chronic biliary pancreatitis.