OBJECTIVE:To discuss the role of clinical pharmacists of TCM in rational use of traditional Chinese drugs. METHODS:The role of clinical pharmacist of Chinese medicine in rational drug use was analyzed based on the brief introduction of rational use of Chinese traditional drugs and responsibility of clinical pharmacists of TCM.RESULTS:Clinical pharmacists of TCM play an important role in rational use of drugs and they can promote rational use of traditional Chinese medicines. CONCLUSION:To play an active role in the rational drug use,clinical pharmacists of TCM have to enhance their own quality in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:To control blood glucose, blood pressure, blood lipids and inhibit the rennin-angiotensin system is the main idea focused on the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, but the curative effect is unsatisfactory. Hemodialysis and kidney transplantation are suitable for serious cases, however, which is restricted because of the limited source of kidneys and high cost. Regenerative medicine research based on stem cells brings a new hope for treatment of diabetic nephropathy. OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively analyze the mechanism underlying different sources of stem cells for treatment of diabetic nephropathy and the clinical implications. METHODS:Papers addressing stem cells for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy were retrieved by computer in CNKI database and PubMed database from January 2005 to August 2013 with the key words“embryonic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, diabetic nephropathyin Chinese and English. Papers published recently or in journals with high impact factor were selected. A total of 60 papers were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Embryonic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential to differentiate into renal histiocytes. A large numbers of experimental studies have shown that stem cells transplantation has a positive effect on recovery of injured kidney. Stem celltransplantation can provide a novel therapy for diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To study the mechanisms and expressions of Fas/FasL in the lungs,spleens and lymph nodes of SARS patients.Methods The lungs,spleens and lymph nodes specimens of four autopsy cases and one control subject were studied with immunohistochemical mehod.Results Compared with normal tissues,apoptotic cells increased significantly in the spleens,lungs and lymph nodes of SARS patients.The apoptotic cells of lungs included alveolar epithelial ones,bronchial epithelial ones,monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes.Apoptosis in the spleens and the lymph nodes was observed primarily in monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes.Conclusion Over-expression of Fas/FasL is a general phenomenon in SARS,suggesting that Fas/FasL may play a key role in the pathogenesis of SARS.

BACKGROUND:Morphological characteristics of the rabbit lumbar vertebrae are of great significance for animal experiments about lumbar spine, but there is a lack of study on the lumbar morphology in rabbits. OBJECTIVE:To establish a three-dimensional model of rabbit lumbar vertebrae, and to observe its morphological characteristics, thereby providing anatomical basis for the animal experiments about lumbar spine.METHODS:Twenty New Zealand rabbits were subjected to 64-row multi-detector CT (Siemens) scan, and the three-dimensional models were constructed based on the CT data from 140 lumbar vertebrae. The morphological parameters of L1-7 were measured, and the internal and external structures of lumbar vertebrae and changes of different segments were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Changes of the morphological parameters of each lumbar vertebra:the L1-7 height first increased and then decreased, and the shortest height was in the L7, which was (1.12±0.18) cm. L1 vertebral body exhibited the shortest transverse diameter, (1.03±0.15) cm, and the longitudinal diameter did not differ significantly among vertebrae. The transverse and longitudinal diameters of L1-6 spinal canals were on a rise, but decreased abruptly at L7. The pedicle width of L1-7 increased gradually;the pedicle height of L1-5 increased gradually, and then began to decrease markedly, and the shortest at L7, (0.58±0.11) cm. The width and length of L1-6 spinous process increased steadily, but decreased at L7. The length of L1-3 transverse process increased gradually, tended to be steady at L3-6, and increased notably at L6-7;there were significant differences in the transverse process angle at L1-6, but the angle increased markedly to (58±2)° at L7, (2) These results indicate that the internal and external structures of lumbar vertebrae and changes of different segments are obtained through morphological measurement of lumbar vertebrae in New Zealand white rabbit, which provides a detailed anatomical data for relative animal experiments.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the early changes of ECG,cTnⅠ,LDH,α-HBDH and CKMB in patients with anthra-cyclines chemotherapy-induced heart damage after breast cancer surgery,and to explore their significances in the diagnosis of early heart damage. METHODS:Medical information of 152 cases of anthracyclines chemotherapy after breast cancer surgery in our hos-pital during Jan. 2015-Jun. 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. According to diagnosis criteria of drug-induced cardiotoxicity,the occurrence of heart damage was evaluated during hospitalization and 1-year follow-up. According to evaluation results,those pa-tients were divided into heart damage group(50 cases)and control group(102 cases). The early changes of ECG,cTnⅠ,LDH, CKMB and α-HBDH were analyzed before chemotherapy(T0),24 h after first chemotherapy(T1),24 h after second chemothera-py(T2),24 h after forth chemotherapy. RESULTS:At T1,T2,T3,the proprotion of ECG abnormalities in heart damage group was significantly higher than control group;the serum levels of cTnⅠ,LDH,CKMB andα-HBDH in heart damage group were signifi-cantly higher than control group, with statistical significance (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:For anthracyclines chemotherapy drugs-induced heart damage after breast cancer surgery,early regular monitoring of ECG,cTnⅠ,LDH,CKMB and α-HBDH can improve the efficiency of early diagnosis of heart damage,and improve prognosis.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of ginsenosides Rb1 on cerebral blood flow of rat models with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which could provide a new theory of cerebral protective mechanism about ginsenosides Rb1.Methods Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, normal saline control group and ginsenosides Rb1 group, 6 rats in each group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established by thread embolism method. At the end of I/R, in the rat of ginsenosides Rb1 group, ginsenosides Rb1 40 mg/kg was immediately intraperitoneally injected, while in the rat of normal saline control group, an equal volume of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally. After I/R for 24 hours, the cerebral local amount of blood flow was measured, the rats' behavior score was observed, and the volume of cerebral infarction was monitored by 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.Results The percentage of volume of cerebral infarction [(64.23±8.12)% vs. 0%] and behavior score [3.0 (2.0-4.0) vs. 0 (0-0),P< 0.05] in model group were significantly higher than those in sham-operation group, while the cerebral local amount of blood flow in model group was obviously lower than that in sham-operation group (mL/min: 125.75±57.65 vs. 225.01±78.25,P< 0.05); Compared with the model group and normal saline control group, the percentage of volume of cerebral infarction [(23.62±8.74)% vs. (64.23±8.12)%, 56.72±8.92] and behavior score [0.5 (0.0-2.0) vs. 3.0 (2.0-4.0), 3.5 (1.0-4.0)] in the ginsenosides Rb1 group were significantly lower, the cerebral local amount of blood flow was markedly increased in the ginsenosides Rb1 group (177.25±75.36 vs. 125.75±57.65, 132.65±58.65,P< 0.05).Conclusion Ginsenosides Rb1 can increase the cerebral blood flow in rats with cerebral I/R injury, which maybe one of the mechanisms of cerebral protection of Ginsenosides Rb1.

AIM　Bio-active constituents were expected to be obtained from Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook. METHODS　It was extracted with 95% alcohol, distributed by petrol, isolated via column chromatography on silica gel and purified by crystallization. RESULTS　Nine compounds were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook., On the basis of spectral analyses, six compounds of them were identified as chrysophanol(3), n-dotriacodtanoic acid(5), defuscin(6), n-triacontyl cis-p-coumarate(7), β-sitosterol(8) and chrysotobibenzyl(9). CONCLUSION　Chrysophanol(3) was firstly isolated from Genus dendrobium and chrysotobibenzyl(9) was found from this species for the first time.

ObjectiveTo investigate the dietary intake of phytosterols in middle-aged and elderly residents in Guangzhou.Methods The dietary data were collected from 599 middle-aged and elderly residents (222 men and 377 women) recruited by stratified cluster random sampling in Guangzhou.All the subjects were surveyed using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ).The dietary intake of phytosterols was estimated using Chinese data of phytosterol composition of a range of foods.ResultsThe dietary intake of total phytosterols was 336.36 ±142.88 mg/d,which included β-sitosterol 218.53 ± 95.20 mg/d,campesterol 48.33 ± 23.69 mg/d,stigmasterol 36.40 ± 14.38 mg/d,β-sitostanol 30.65 ± 13.62 mg/d,and campestanol 4.67 ±2.77 mg/d.Women had a significantly higher intake of phytosterols than men [ (345.45 ±141.06) mg/d vs.(320.93 ±144.95) mg/d,P=0.0425].Edible oil,vegetable,cereal,and fruit were the four major food sources of phytosterols,representing 37.2％,19.8％,18.5％,and 12.5％ of the total phytosterols intake respectively.Energy-adjusted intake of phytosterols was (42.94 ± 15.66) mg/1000 kJ,and women had a significantly higher intake than men [ (46.04 ±15.90) mg/1000 kJ vs.(37.69 ± 13.76) mg/1000 kJ,P =0.0000 ].ConclusionAmong the middle-aged and elderly residents in Guangzhou,women have higher phytosterols intake than men.

Objective To establish diagnostic standards of confocal laser endomiroscopy (CLE) in pathological classifications of gastric cancer and evaluate the diagnostic value of CLE in vivo. Methods The confocal images of 36 patients, who were diagnosed as gastric cancer with confirmation of pathology, were collected and analyzed to establish diagnostic standards of CLE for pathological classifications of gastric cancer. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CLE were determined with reference to histopathologic findiugs retrospectively. Results According to changes of glandular architecture and microvessels under CLE, gastric cancers were divided into differentiated and undifferentiated type. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CLE in diagnosing differentiated carcinoma were 85.7%, 92. 3% and 90. 5%, respectively, which were 85.7%, 92. 3% and 90. 5%, respectively, in undifferentiated carcinoma. Conclusion CLE is a new tool to make pathological classifications of gastric cancer during routine endoscopic examination procedure, which correlates well with histopathologic fingdings.

Objective To estimate the value of confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE)for differential diagnosis of gastric ulcer. Methods Patients diagnosed as gastric ulcer by conventional endoscopic mode of CLE were enrolled. The eonfocal endoscopic mode of CLE was used to observe the borderline and/or the surface of the ulcers. Biopsy specimen was taken for histopathological examination and the result of CLE was compared with histopathological finding. Results A total of 12 769 CLE images were obtained from 150 sites of 43 patients. The sensitivity and specificity of CLE for phlegmonosis process were 83.54% and 85.92%, respectively, with positive predictive value of 86.84% and negative predictive value of 82.43%. Whereas the sensitivity and specificity of CLE for intraepithelial neoplasia were 53.57% and 88.52%, respectively, with positive predictive value of 51.72% and negative predictive value of 89.26%. As for diagnosis of gastric cancer, the sensitivity and specificity of CLE were 88.37% and 93.46%, respectively, with positive predictive value of 84.44 % and negative predictive value of 95.24%. The kappa values for agreement of histopathological findings and CLE for diagnosis of phlegmonosis process, intraepithelial neoplasia and gastric cancer were 0.69,0.42 and 0.81, respectively. Conclusions CLE can provide a real-time histopathological diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract with high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Targeted biopsy can be done under CLE and the detective rates of precancerous lesions and tumors will be increased.