OBJECTIVE:To discuss the role of clinical pharmacists of TCM in rational use of traditional Chinese drugs. METHODS:The role of clinical pharmacist of Chinese medicine in rational drug use was analyzed based on the brief introduction of rational use of Chinese traditional drugs and responsibility of clinical pharmacists of TCM.RESULTS:Clinical pharmacists of TCM play an important role in rational use of drugs and they can promote rational use of traditional Chinese medicines. CONCLUSION:To play an active role in the rational drug use,clinical pharmacists of TCM have to enhance their own quality in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:To control blood glucose, blood pressure, blood lipids and inhibit the rennin-angiotensin system is the main idea focused on the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, but the curative effect is unsatisfactory. Hemodialysis and kidney transplantation are suitable for serious cases, however, which is restricted because of the limited source of kidneys and high cost. Regenerative medicine research based on stem cells brings a new hope for treatment of diabetic nephropathy. OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively analyze the mechanism underlying different sources of stem cells for treatment of diabetic nephropathy and the clinical implications. METHODS:Papers addressing stem cells for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy were retrieved by computer in CNKI database and PubMed database from January 2005 to August 2013 with the key words“embryonic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, diabetic nephropathyin Chinese and English. Papers published recently or in journals with high impact factor were selected. A total of 60 papers were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Embryonic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential to differentiate into renal histiocytes. A large numbers of experimental studies have shown that stem cells transplantation has a positive effect on recovery of injured kidney. Stem celltransplantation can provide a novel therapy for diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To study the mechanisms and expressions of Fas/FasL in the lungs,spleens and lymph nodes of SARS patients.Methods The lungs,spleens and lymph nodes specimens of four autopsy cases and one control subject were studied with immunohistochemical mehod.Results Compared with normal tissues,apoptotic cells increased significantly in the spleens,lungs and lymph nodes of SARS patients.The apoptotic cells of lungs included alveolar epithelial ones,bronchial epithelial ones,monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes.Apoptosis in the spleens and the lymph nodes was observed primarily in monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes.Conclusion Over-expression of Fas/FasL is a general phenomenon in SARS,suggesting that Fas/FasL may play a key role in the pathogenesis of SARS.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of ginsenosides Rb1 on cerebral blood flow of rat models with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which could provide a new theory of cerebral protective mechanism about ginsenosides Rb1.Methods Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, normal saline control group and ginsenosides Rb1 group, 6 rats in each group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established by thread embolism method. At the end of I/R, in the rat of ginsenosides Rb1 group, ginsenosides Rb1 40 mg/kg was immediately intraperitoneally injected, while in the rat of normal saline control group, an equal volume of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally. After I/R for 24 hours, the cerebral local amount of blood flow was measured, the rats' behavior score was observed, and the volume of cerebral infarction was monitored by 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.Results The percentage of volume of cerebral infarction [(64.23±8.12)% vs. 0%] and behavior score [3.0 (2.0-4.0) vs. 0 (0-0),P< 0.05] in model group were significantly higher than those in sham-operation group, while the cerebral local amount of blood flow in model group was obviously lower than that in sham-operation group (mL/min: 125.75±57.65 vs. 225.01±78.25,P< 0.05); Compared with the model group and normal saline control group, the percentage of volume of cerebral infarction [(23.62±8.74)% vs. (64.23±8.12)%, 56.72±8.92] and behavior score [0.5 (0.0-2.0) vs. 3.0 (2.0-4.0), 3.5 (1.0-4.0)] in the ginsenosides Rb1 group were significantly lower, the cerebral local amount of blood flow was markedly increased in the ginsenosides Rb1 group (177.25±75.36 vs. 125.75±57.65, 132.65±58.65,P< 0.05).Conclusion Ginsenosides Rb1 can increase the cerebral blood flow in rats with cerebral I/R injury, which maybe one of the mechanisms of cerebral protection of Ginsenosides Rb1.

BACKGROUND:Morphological characteristics of the rabbit lumbar vertebrae are of great significance for animal experiments about lumbar spine, but there is a lack of study on the lumbar morphology in rabbits. OBJECTIVE:To establish a three-dimensional model of rabbit lumbar vertebrae, and to observe its morphological characteristics, thereby providing anatomical basis for the animal experiments about lumbar spine.METHODS:Twenty New Zealand rabbits were subjected to 64-row multi-detector CT (Siemens) scan, and the three-dimensional models were constructed based on the CT data from 140 lumbar vertebrae. The morphological parameters of L1-7 were measured, and the internal and external structures of lumbar vertebrae and changes of different segments were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Changes of the morphological parameters of each lumbar vertebra:the L1-7 height first increased and then decreased, and the shortest height was in the L7, which was (1.12±0.18) cm. L1 vertebral body exhibited the shortest transverse diameter, (1.03±0.15) cm, and the longitudinal diameter did not differ significantly among vertebrae. The transverse and longitudinal diameters of L1-6 spinal canals were on a rise, but decreased abruptly at L7. The pedicle width of L1-7 increased gradually;the pedicle height of L1-5 increased gradually, and then began to decrease markedly, and the shortest at L7, (0.58±0.11) cm. The width and length of L1-6 spinous process increased steadily, but decreased at L7. The length of L1-3 transverse process increased gradually, tended to be steady at L3-6, and increased notably at L6-7;there were significant differences in the transverse process angle at L1-6, but the angle increased markedly to (58±2)° at L7, (2) These results indicate that the internal and external structures of lumbar vertebrae and changes of different segments are obtained through morphological measurement of lumbar vertebrae in New Zealand white rabbit, which provides a detailed anatomical data for relative animal experiments.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the early changes of ECG,cTnⅠ,LDH,α-HBDH and CKMB in patients with anthra-cyclines chemotherapy-induced heart damage after breast cancer surgery,and to explore their significances in the diagnosis of early heart damage. METHODS:Medical information of 152 cases of anthracyclines chemotherapy after breast cancer surgery in our hos-pital during Jan. 2015-Jun. 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. According to diagnosis criteria of drug-induced cardiotoxicity,the occurrence of heart damage was evaluated during hospitalization and 1-year follow-up. According to evaluation results,those pa-tients were divided into heart damage group(50 cases)and control group(102 cases). The early changes of ECG,cTnⅠ,LDH, CKMB and α-HBDH were analyzed before chemotherapy(T0),24 h after first chemotherapy(T1),24 h after second chemothera-py(T2),24 h after forth chemotherapy. RESULTS:At T1,T2,T3,the proprotion of ECG abnormalities in heart damage group was significantly higher than control group;the serum levels of cTnⅠ,LDH,CKMB andα-HBDH in heart damage group were signifi-cantly higher than control group, with statistical significance (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:For anthracyclines chemotherapy drugs-induced heart damage after breast cancer surgery,early regular monitoring of ECG,cTnⅠ,LDH,CKMB and α-HBDH can improve the efficiency of early diagnosis of heart damage,and improve prognosis.

The Golgi complex is the central organelle of the secretory pathway and has many complicate functions. The endeavours to isolate and purify the Golgi apparatus from cultured cells will benefit further investigation of Golgi. A large number of gastric cancer cells SGC7901 were cultivated in vitro, then Golgi apparatus were isolated from the cells by differential centrifugation combined with sucrose density gradient ultra-centrifugation. Its purity was characterized biochemically by enzymatic assays, morphologically by electron microscopy (EM) and neutral red supravital staining. Finally the Golgi complex was successfully fractionated from gastric cancer cells SGC7901. The first successful isolation of Golgi apparatus from gastric cancer cells SGC7901 by using ultra-centrifugation will lead to research into the function of Golgi apparatus.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Golgi Apparatus ; ultrastructure ; Histological Techniques ; Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; ultrastructure

Objective To investigate the occurrence of regular and rare types of beta thalassemia in Guangxi,and to reduce the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.Methods Between Jan 2010 and Dec 2013,42 770 patients (20 740 males and 22 030 females,one month to fifty-four years old) from Maternal and Child Healthy Hospital of Guangxi,who were suspected with thalassemia were involved in this study.All these patients were went through the following screening tests:routine blood cell count,hemoglobin electrophoresis test,and serum iron and ferritin tests.Positive patients in the screening test would be taken gene diagnosis with regular reverse dot blot (RDB) method; negative patients in gene diagnosis but positive in the screening test would be under the test of beta globin gene sequencing.Results Totally 28 101 patients were confirmed with thalassemia from 42 770 suspected patients,including 10 891 patients with beta thalassemia,49 patients were homozygous,10 718 patients were heterozygote,and 124 patients were compound heterozygous.After beta globin gene sequencing test,14 regular mutations in people of south China and 7 rare types mutations were detected,the detection rate of rare type of beta thalassemia was 17.949％ (7/39).Conclusions Mutation spectrum of beta thalassemia in Guangxi is complex.Gene diagnosis of rare type thalassemia needs to be done in patients with phenotypes of thalassemia and negative of regular gene diagnosis,in order to reduce misdiagnosis,and improve accuracy of clinical diagnosis.

Objective To study different groups of deficiency rate of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)and enzyme activity assay in the detection rate of female heterozygote in the Southeast Dongguan.Methods From January 2007 to April 2013,of 39 475 cases of test results were collected in Tangxia Hospital of Dongguan city,the gene frequency and the detec-tion rate of female heterozygote could be calculated through genetic equilibrium law in different group.Results The male de-ficiency rates of G6PD in different group were Adult group(A)5.03%,Neonatal Group(B)5.10% and Total group(C) 5.06%,respectively,and there were no significant difference between each groups (χ2 =0.0404,P =0.980).The detection rate of female heterozygote of A,B and C in each groups were 27.13%,14.49% and 23.87%,respectively,and the differ-ence were statistically significant between different groups (χ2 =32.26,P =0.000).Conclusion Prevalence of G6PD defi-ciency in this area was 5.06% and there were differences between the deficiency rate of G6PD in different populations.The enzyme activity assay in female heterozygote detection rate is not satisfactory,especially in group B,which is conducive to ge-netic counseling,prenatal diagnosis and birth defects,such as providing more comprehensive information.

Objective:To study the effects of expansion of ropivacaine hydrochloride liquid on the postoperative analgesia,sedation, hemodynamic effects and adverse drug reactions of the patients underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy,and to explore its clinical effectiveness and safety. Methods:Forty patients who were to undergo endoscopic thyroidectomy via chest-breast approach were randomly assigned to saline solution group and expansion liquid of ropivacine hydrochloride group (ropivacaine group,n = 20).The mean arterial pressure (MAP )and heart rate (HR)were also evaluated at the following time points:preoperative evaluation (T0 ),before local anesthetic infiltration (T1 ),at the end of the operation (T2 );the blood loss,the operation time,the postoperative drainage,and the hospital duration of the patients in two groups were recorded; the nausea and vomiting,the respiratory depression,the toxicity response,the infection,and the recurrent laryngeal nerve injury during 24 h after operation were recorded.The postoperative pain scores were assessed at extubaltion (T3 ),30 min (T4 ),2 h (T5 ),6 h (T6 ),12 h (T7 )and 24 h (T8 )after extubation using Visual Analog Scale (VAS).The postoperative Ramsay scores were assessed at T3 and T4 .Results:There were no significant differences in MAP and HR at T0 and T1 of the patients between two groups (P >0.05).Compared with saline solution group,the MAP and HR at T2 and T3 of the patients in ropivacaine group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).There were significant differences in the blood loss,the operation time, the postoperative drainage,and the hospital duration of the patients between two groups (P <0.05).The number of patients required postoperative analgesia and the number patients with nausea and vomiting in ropivacaine group were decreased compared with saline solution group (P <0.05).Compared with saline group,the VAS scores at T3 ,T4 ,T5 ,T6 ,T7 and T8 of the patients in ropivacaine group were significantly decreased (P <0.05);the Ramsay scores at T3 and T4 of the patients in ropivacaine group were also decreased significantly (P <0.05).Conclusion:Expansion liquid of ropivacaine hydrochloride can reduce the stress response during endoscopic thyroidectomy effectively and reduce the postoperative pain and injury induced by operation.