Systemic lupus erythematosus is a kind of autoimmtne disease which may lead to multisystem involvement,with high mortality.As is well known,the prognosis of children is worse than that of adults.Many factors such as genetic factor,environmental factor and the self factors affect the survival of children with systemic lupus erythematosus.In order to improve the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis,this article reviews the recent research of the main factors affecting the prognosis of children with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: To investigate the influence of polysaccharide of Spirulina platensis(PSP) on inhibition activity of immobilized phycocyanin (PC) against proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells SW1990. Methods: PSP was added to the wells of cell culture polystyrene which was immobilized with PC, and SW1990 cells were cultured on this kind of biomaterial in serum free medium. Results: When the concentration of PSP was 15 mg/L, the inhibition activity was mainly caused by PSP, and when the concentrations were 10, 17.5 and 25 mg/L, PSP was cooperative with immobilized PC. The best immobilized amount of PC was 0.02 mg/well, which could inhibit 86% SW1990 cells. Conclusion: PSP can enhance the inhibition activity against pancreatic cancer cells SW1990 from immobilized PC.

The diagnosis of Spitz nevus is mainly based on histopathological changes. Combined with the learning experience at Ackerman Academy of Dermatopathology, the author thoroughly analyzed pathological and cytological characteristics of, as well as the body′s reaction to Spitz nevus, hoping to help clinicians with the pathological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Spitz nevus.

Objective To compare the effects of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) and patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) on platelet activation in patients undergoing radical colon cancer operation.Methods Sixty-four ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 43-65 yr,weighing 45-68 kg,undergoing radical operation for colon cancer,were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n =32 each):PCIA group and PCEA group.PCA pumps were connected at the end of operation.The PCIA solution c6ntained sufentanil 3 μg/kg,tropisetron 5 mg and vitamin B6 100 mg in 130 ml of normal saline.The PCIA pump was set up to deliver a 1.8 ml bolus dose with a 15-min lockout interval and background infusion at 2 ml/h.The PCEA solution contained sufentanil 0.5 μg/kg and 0.125％ ropivacaine in 300 ml of normal saline.The PCEA pump was set up to deliver a 2.5 ml bolus dose with a 20-min lockout interval and background infusion at 5 ml/h after a loading dose of 5 ml. VAS was maintained ≤ 3 after operation.Venous blood samples were taken before anesthesia,at 60 min after beginning of operation,and at the end of operation to determine the concentrations of plasma insulin and cortisol and blood glucose.Venous blood samples were taken at 30 min before operation,1 h after beginning of operation,and at 30 min and 4,12,24 and 48 h after operation (T0-6) to measure the concentration of serum platelet α-granzyme membrane protein-140 (GMP-140).The side effects were recorded after operation.Results Thirty and 29 patients completed the study in groups PCEA and PCIA respectively.There was no significant difference in the concentrations of plasma insulin and cortisol and blood glucose at each time point between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The concentration of serum GMP-140 was significantly higher at T1-6 than the baseline value at T0 (P ＜ 0.05).The concentration of serum GMP-140 and incidence of nausea and vomiting were significantly lower at T3-6 in group PCEA than in group PCIA (P ＜ 0.05).One case happened pruritus in group PCIA,and respiratory depression and local anesthetic intoxication were not observed in the two groups.Conclusion PCEA has better inhibitory effect on the overactivation of platelet than PCIA,which may be helpful for preventing metastases of cancer ceils or postoperative thrombosis,and it is more suitable for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing radical colon cancer operation.

Objective: To study the general characteristics of autistic children. Methods: The data of 1176 autistic children who were diagnosed in the Institute of Mental Health, Beijing Medical University was gathered, descriptive statistics were done with SPSS software. Results: As many as 35.10% of the autistic children are identified by their parents having problems in behavior until they were 3 years old. The average age of consulting was 60.61?26.8 months. Only 21.43% children were brought to child psychiatrists under the age of 3. They were brought to hospital 35.03?27.86 months after being discovered the symptoms.Conclusion:Health education for child autism should be strengthened so that it can be early identified.

Objective To calculate and measure the depth and radius of the target vessel in the upper limb venous ultrasound image in order to contribute to automatic venipuncture.Methods Two methods of measuring the radius of veins in an ultrasonic vein cross section image were adopted.One method was to segment the vein based on the threshold selected after evaluation, and then scan the upper and lower edges of the vein to obtain the radius.The other method was based on Otsu method,which was to divide the vein and then morphologically process the binary image.The radius was calculated in a manner similar to the first method.After the radius was obtained, the depth of the vein was corrected in conjunction with the radius.Results The above two methods were tested on 500 upper limb venous ultrasound images.The accuracy rate of the first method was 93.0%, and that of the second method was 99.4%.Conclusion The method based on Otsu and morphological processing is more effective for radius measurement of veins in upper limb venous ultrasound image.

Medical psychology and psychiatry is the obligatory courses for five-year and seven-year medical students. With the rapid changes of society and continuous improvement of medical services , it is necessary to adjust and integrate the teaching content of these two courses. Teaching order of some chapters in the teaching syllabus was not helpful for students to understand the teaching content. Some teaching content was repetitive. Part of the self-study content urgently needs to teach with the development of the society and changes in disease spectrum. After the adjustment , the teaching content of the curricu-lum with strong pertinence was clear and coherent. It improved the teaching efficiency and knowledge of students;therefore, the curriculum is widely praised by the students.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of surgical procedure for tibia-fibula fracture using a combination of internal fixation and vacuum sealing drainage(VSD).Methods Totally 108 patients were enrolled in this study and these patients were from January 2012 to December 2015 divided into two groups(54 per group) according to the surgical method.Patients in the observation group were treated with locking plates or intramedullary naiis fixation combined with VSD covered the wound for the following 6 to 10 days,and then the transplantation was performed.Patients in control group received external fixation with kirschner wire and screw fixation.When granulation tissue filled the wound,flap transplantation was performed to repair tissue defect and cover the exposed bone.The average hospital stay,operation time,local infection rate,fracture healing time were recorded and analyzed.Results In the observation group,the average hospital stay was (24.8 ± 4.2) d,wound closure time was (9.4 ± 1.7) d,rate of local infection was 5.6％,rate of bone nonunion was 7.4％,rate of osteomyelitis was 1.9％,fracture healing time was (17 ±4.7)weeks;the corresponding data in the control group was (32.2 ±8.7)d,(14.1 ±3.8)d,22.2％,9.3％,0 and (16 ± 6.5) weeks.The average hospital stay,wound closure time and infection rate of the two groups were of significant difference(P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in terms of bone nonunion rate,osteomyelitis rate and union time (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Tibia-fibula fracture patients can be effectively treated with a combination of internal fixation and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD).This treatment may shorten the length of hospital stay,reduce the wound-close time and lower the infection rate.

ObjectiveTostudytheinhibitioneffectof c-mycASODN(antisense oligodeoxynucleotide) and 5-FU (5-fluorouracil) on the expression of c-myc gene and the proliferation of human hepatomacellsHEPG-2. MethodsAfter treatedbyliposomemediatedc-mycantisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (APSODN) and 5-FU, the growth inhibition rate was detected by MTT assay, the expression of c-myc mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistocehemical methods HEPG-2cells. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometric analysis. The morphological changes were observed by fluorescence staining and cellular genome electrophoresis. ResultsAfter sealing c-myc gene with ASODN,the growth of cells was repressed and the effect was time-dependent and dose-dependent ( P = 0. 02 ). The ability of proliferation decreased, the expression of c-myc gene was inhibited on transcription and translation levels; 5-FU can induce apoptosis of hepatoma cells HEPG-2 dramatically with the dose of 10 μ mol/L, when treated by both c-myc ASODN and 5-FU, HEPG-2 cells was induced apoptosis in a cooperative style ( P =0. 01 ).ConclusionsThe liposome mediated c-myc (APSODN) and 5-FU can inhibit the proliferation of HEPG-2 cells by inhibiting the expression of c-myc gene and can induce apoptosis of hepatoma cells HEPG-2 in a cooperative style. c-myc ( APSODN ) can increase the sensitivity of 5-FU to hepatoma cells and decrease the effective concentration of 5-FU.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE)in primary bile reflux gastritis (BRG).Methods From November 10th to December 15th,2015 ,55 patients underwent CLE examination and preliminarily diagnosed as BRG with traditional white-light endoscopy were enrolled.CLE score standard was designed.Dixon pathologic score was considered as gold standard. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve was drawn to evaluate the accuracy of CLE score in BRG diagnosis.Sensitivity,specificity and 95 % confidence interval (CI )were calculated.Kappa analysis was performed to assess the inter-observer agreement of CLE score.Results According to Dixon pathologic score standard,29 patients (52.7%)were diagnosed as primary BRG among the 55 enrolled patients. Among the 42 Helicobacter pylori (H .pylori )negative patients,the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)of CLE in BRG diagnosis was 0.90 (95 %CI 0.81 —1 .00).Taking CLE score over six as the cut-off value for diagnosis,the sensitivity and specificity was 84.00% (95 %CI 65 .35 %—93.60%)and 82.35 % (95 %CI 58.97%—93.81 %),respectively.The Kappa value for inter-observer agreement in BRG diagnosis was 0.60 (95 %CI 0.24—0.95).Conclusion Primary BRG can be accurately diagnosed by CLE in H .pylori negative patients with high sensitivity and specificity.