Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an acute contagious disease which has been found to spread mainly via respiratory tract in over 30 countries and areas of the world. The disease was referred to as acute infectious atypical pneumonia (AIAP) in our country at first. It was a severe and acute disease with strong contagiousness. Medical workers are studying it at present around the world. Here the author discussed preliminarily the pathological characteristics and pathogenesis of SARS based on the data of 4 systematic autopsy cases and 2 consultation cases.

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are capable of self-renewal and can proliferate into a heterogeneous bulk with cancer progeny population, which is the main reason for recurrence and metastasis of cancer. Metastatic cancer stem cells (MCSC) have the properties of CSC and the ability of metastasis. Metastasis happens at both the late and early stages of tumorigenesis. MCSC are different from CSC in origin, epithelial-mesenehyrnal transition (EMT), mesenehymal-epithelial transition (MET), and microenvironment of target organs (niche), etc. Therefore, MCSC is the foundation of cancer metastasis. Anti-metastasis strategies include killing CSC, blocking EMT and MET of CSC, inhibiting MCSC adhesion to microvessels, and destroying MCSC dependent-niche. This review introduces the possible sources, biological features of MCSC, the possible breakthrough in MCSC research, and MCSC-targeted anti-metastasis strategy, hoping to provide reference for researches about tumor metastasis mechanisms and anti-metastasis strategies.

Objective To construct the specific small hairpin RNA(shRNA)plasmids for Formin-like 2(FMNL2)gene,and to observe its effect on proliferation of SW620.Methods Plasmids FMNL21 shRNA and plasmids FMNL22 shRNA complimentary to the sequence responsible for the function domain of human FMNL2 were constructed and transfected into SW620,respectively.The inhibition rates of FMNL2 expression were detected by re-al-time PCR after transfection with PGenesil-FMNL21 and PGenesil-FMNL22,respectively.The expression of FMNL2 was detected by real-time PCR at 12,24,48,72 and 96h after transfection.At 48 h and 72 h after transfection,the proliferation of SW620 was detected using MTT assay.Resuits The transfection rate in SW620 was(60.8±2.8)%for PGenesil-FMNL21,(58.7±2.9)%for PGenesil-FMNL22,and(62.6±1.7)%for PGenesil-HK(P＞0.05).The inhibition rate of FMNL2 expression after transfection with PGenesil-FMNL21 was 77.1%,which was the highest.The inhibition rates of FMNL2 expression were 13.5%,57.3%,80.3%,62.4%,and 33.2%at 12,24,48,72and 96h after transfection respectively.The proliferat capability of SW620 was obviously lower than that of control cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion Both plasmids FMNL21 shRNA and plasmids FMNL22 shRNA can inhibit the expression of FMNL2,of which Pgenesil-FMNL21 execs the greatest role.FMNL2 could be related to the proliferation of SW620.

Objective To analyze the relationship between the expression of formlin-like 2(FMNL2)and colorectal carcinoma metastasis through the detection of the expression of FMNL2 in colorectal carcinoma tissue and paracancerous tissue.Methods ①Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of FMNL2 in 175 cases of paraffin wax specimens(including 30 cases of normal mucosa,25 cases of adenoma,75 cases of colorectal carcinoma and 45 cases of metastatic tumors).②Real time-PCR was used to detect FMNL2 mRNA expression in 32 cases of fresh specimens of carcinoma and 32 cases of paracancerous tissue.Results The positive detection rate of FMNL2 was higher in colorectal carcinoma tissue than in paracancerous tissue(P=0.003),higher in lymphatic metastasis than in primary carcinoma tissue(P=0.037),and was aslo higher in metastatic carcinoma tissue than in non metastatic carcinoma tissue(P=0.011).The expression of FMNL2 mRNA was not related to the infiltration and differentiation of carcinoma tissue but its concentration in metastatic carcinoma tissue was 2.5 times higher than in non metastatic carcinoma tissue.Conclusion FMNL2 gene may play an important role in the metastasis of colorectal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: There are many studies on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with breast cancer at home and abroad at present. But the effect of antidepressants on the QOL of depressive patients with breast cancer is not clear yet.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of fluoxetine on the QOL of depressive patients with breast cancer.DESIGN: A self-controlled and observational comparative study of taking the patient as the subjects.SETTING: The research institute of medical psychology and psychiatric specialty in two universities and a psychiatric department in a city hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-three female post-operative patients with breast cancer hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and Dalian Tumor Hospital, with an average age of (50 ± 9) years.INTERVENTIONS: Sity-three depressive patients with breast cancer were treated with fluoxetine for 8 weeks. Treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) and relative laboratory examinations were used to evaluate the safety of fluoxetine to depression and anxiety of depressive patients with breast cancer. QOL of WHO scale was used to assess the QOL of the patients before and after administration.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURS:①Score of every index of QOL of WHO;②Side effects and adverse effects.RESULTS: The scores of physiology, psychology and independence in QOLafter 8 weeks' administration(16.30 ±2.17, 14.41 ± 1.85, 16. 90 ± 1.53)were significantly higher than those before grouping (13.61 ±2.46,12.98 ± 2.65, 13.65 ± 2.45) ( t = 6.52, P ＜ 0.01; t = 2.41, P＜ 0.05; t= 8.93, P ＜ 0.01 ). No obvious side effect was observed during administration.CONCLUSION: Fluoxetine can significantly improve the QOL of patients with breast cancer and there are fewer side effects during the treatment.

Purpose To screen and identify T cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (Tiam1) related genes and expression profile during distant metastasis of colorectal cancer. Methods Colorectal cancer( CRC) in a mice model was established by intraperitoneal injection of dimethylhydrazine ( DMH) . Five panels of fresh primary tumor tissues from Tiam1 transgenic mice were collected and com-pared with that from wild type mice. Differentially expressed genes were detected by Affymetrix human genome-wide expression profile chip and verified by real-time quantitative PCR ( qRT-PCR) analysis. Results The genechip result showed that 794 genes were differ-entially expressed by at least 3 folds in Tiam1 transgenic mice with distant metastasis of colorectal cancer tissue, including 400 up-regu-lated and 394 down-regulated ones. Bioinformatics analysis and gene co-expression network building identified 3 genes (PIK3R5, FIGF and RPS6KA6) with specific expression in colorectal cancer tissue with distant metastasis, and this result was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Conclusion A specific Tiam1 gene expression profile related to colorectal cancer distant metastasis has been established through screening and identifying the genes related to Tiam1 by gene chip technique. These findings provide a basis for exploring the molecular markers of colorectal cancer with distant metastasis.

Objective　To study the value of intraoperative cholangiography(IOCG) in cholecystectomy for gallbladder stone. Methods　The IOCG data of 694 cases in the Affiliated Hospital, Yanan University Medical School were retrospectively analysed. Results　Among 694 cases with IOCG, 65 had positve findings. Bile duct stone occurred in 44 patients, residnal stone in cyst duct in 7, bile duct injury in 2, and Mirizzi syndrom in 3. Among the 44 cases with bile duct stone, the age of 4.3% cases was 22～50 years old, 10.3% older than 50 years. The incidence of bile duct stone occurring after 50 years old increased with age. The accurate rate of IOCG was 98% in this series. Conclusions　IOCG can not only find residual stone, but also find bile duct abnormality and bile duct injury in time, if correct imagic technique is applied.

Objective To study the mechanisms and expressions of Fas/FasL in the lungs,spleens and lymph nodes of SARS patients.Methods The lungs,spleens and lymph nodes specimens of four autopsy cases and one control subject were studied with immunohistochemical mehod.Results Compared with normal tissues,apoptotic cells increased significantly in the spleens,lungs and lymph nodes of SARS patients.The apoptotic cells of lungs included alveolar epithelial ones,bronchial epithelial ones,monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes.Apoptosis in the spleens and the lymph nodes was observed primarily in monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes.Conclusion Over-expression of Fas/FasL is a general phenomenon in SARS,suggesting that Fas/FasL may play a key role in the pathogenesis of SARS.

In recent years,great progress has been made in the theory and technology of proteomics.As embranchment of proteomics,serum proteomics has been payed more and more attention also.The advanced techniques have been applied in serum proteomics research,which promote the development of the methodology.A great advance has been made in serum proteomics research for seeking associated tumor markers,pharmacy and some non-cancer diseases.

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