Objective To study the clinical effect of ceramic cover anterior on teeth beauty.Methods 138 teeth in 34 patients with dental fluorosis were divided into two groups,the control group (69 teeth in 16 patients) was given traditional PFM cover repair,the treatment group (69 teeth in 18 patients) was given ceramic cover,they were followed up for three years.The teeth remaining rate and patient satisfaction were compared,the match color,edge fit,healthy gums,restoration integrity were compared according to the Ryge standard.Results Teeth remaining rate in treatment group was 95.7％,which was significantly higher than control group (P ＜ 0.05).The patient satisfaction was 94.4％ in treatment group and 87.5％ in the control group,the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).The match color,edge coloring,healthy gums and teeth sensitivity were not different between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The restoration integrity and marginal fit of treatment group was better than control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The clinical effect of ceramic faced in the anterior teeth beauty repair,especially in the repair of dental fluorosis is remarkable,and the remaining teeth rate higher,repair,dental restoration integrity and marginal fit is significantly better than that of resin repair,patient satisfaction is higher,the water area from non-beryl popularization and application.

Objective: To prepare modern tradional Chinese patent medicine Lemai capsules with a low dosage. Methods: Comparing the applications of seven kinds of macroporous adsorption resin in refinement of Lemai capsules' extracts in danshensu and paeoriflorin determined by HPLC as markers. Results: After refinement, the solid content of extracts decreased greatly. The content of danshensu became much lower than that before refinement The retention rate of AB 8、 X 5 and WLD for paeoriflorin is up to 80%. Conclusion: 7 kinds of macroporous adsorption resin are not proper to danshensu but some of them can be used to paeoriflorin.

Acute abdominal pain is a major clinical symptom of acute abdomen,and vasogenic acute abdomen caused by vascular diseases is rare and difficult to diagnose at its early stage with atypical clinical symptom and high mortality.Therefore,there is an urgent need to strengthen and improve the knowledge of surgeons about vasogenic acute abdomen.

AIM: To improve the quantitive method of sarsasapogin in Kangbindu Tablet(Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Fructus Forsythiae, etc.) METHODS: Applying HPLC-ELSD to replace TLCS. RESULTS: The new method was better than the old one in precise and repeat. CONCLUSION: The new method HPLC-ELSD is more useful.

TCM is unique and e ective on senile dementia in both theory and practice;therefore it is signi cant to generalize TCM understanding and experience on senile dementia for speci c therapy to reduce patients' cognition impairment and enhance their living quality.Sorting of TCM understanding on senile dementia pathogenesis and causes,it was clear that seniledementia was often seen in aging people characterized by de ciency in origin and excess in super ciality.Its de ciency in origin was de ciency of kidney essence,marrow and lucid yang failing to ascend.The origin aspect of senile dementia was believed to be the insu ciency of kidney.The de ciency of ve zang-organs was closely related to it.While the super ciality aspect was thought to be turbid phlegm and stagnant blood blocking brain and cerebral meridian with ve zang-organs all concerned.On one hand,the de ciency of kidney assisted by the de ciency of ve zang-organs could result in phlegm and blood stasis,that is to say excess resulted from de ciency.On the other hand,the stagnation of phlegm and blood stasis could block the generation,transformation and transportation of qi,blood and body uid,which would further consume the essence of the body.This is so-called de ciency transformed from excess.The above two aspects a ected each other and causing lingering pathogenic factors.

Objective To compare local infiltration anesthesia with different concentrations of ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy.Methods Sixty ASA physical status Ⅰ patients of both sexes,aged 6-12 yr,weighing 18-41 kg,scheduled for elective tonsillectomy,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:control group (group C); 0.2％ ropivacaine group (group R1) ; 0.5 ％ ropivacaine group (group R2).Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of sevoflurane,injection of sufentanil and cisatracurium and maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane and iv infusion of remifentanil.The tonsil was locally infiltrated vith 0.2 ％ and 0.5％ ropivacaine (3-5 ml on each side of the tonsil) before surgery in R1 and R2 groups,respectively.Tonsillectomy was performed under general anesthesia.At 1,3,6,12,and 24 h after surgery,pain was assessed using faces pain scale-revised (FPS-R).Paracetamol 5 mg/kg was used as rescue analgesic when FPS-R scores ≥4.The interval between awake extubation and the first request for analgesic,requirement for postoperative analgesic and development of adverse effects were recorded.Results Compared with group C,the interval between awake extubation and the first request for analgesic was significantly prolonged,and the requirement for postoperative analgesic was decreased in R1 and R2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group R1,the interval between awake extubation and the first request for analgesic was significantly prolonged,and the requirement for postoperative analgesic was decreased in R2 group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse effects between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The optinum concentration of locally infiltrated ropivacaine is 0.5 ％ for postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy.

Objective To compare the effects of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) and patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) on platelet activation in patients undergoing radical colon cancer operation.Methods Sixty-four ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 43-65 yr,weighing 45-68 kg,undergoing radical operation for colon cancer,were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n =32 each):PCIA group and PCEA group.PCA pumps were connected at the end of operation.The PCIA solution c6ntained sufentanil 3 μg/kg,tropisetron 5 mg and vitamin B6 100 mg in 130 ml of normal saline.The PCIA pump was set up to deliver a 1.8 ml bolus dose with a 15-min lockout interval and background infusion at 2 ml/h.The PCEA solution contained sufentanil 0.5 μg/kg and 0.125％ ropivacaine in 300 ml of normal saline.The PCEA pump was set up to deliver a 2.5 ml bolus dose with a 20-min lockout interval and background infusion at 5 ml/h after a loading dose of 5 ml. VAS was maintained ≤ 3 after operation.Venous blood samples were taken before anesthesia,at 60 min after beginning of operation,and at the end of operation to determine the concentrations of plasma insulin and cortisol and blood glucose.Venous blood samples were taken at 30 min before operation,1 h after beginning of operation,and at 30 min and 4,12,24 and 48 h after operation (T0-6) to measure the concentration of serum platelet α-granzyme membrane protein-140 (GMP-140).The side effects were recorded after operation.Results Thirty and 29 patients completed the study in groups PCEA and PCIA respectively.There was no significant difference in the concentrations of plasma insulin and cortisol and blood glucose at each time point between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The concentration of serum GMP-140 was significantly higher at T1-6 than the baseline value at T0 (P ＜ 0.05).The concentration of serum GMP-140 and incidence of nausea and vomiting were significantly lower at T3-6 in group PCEA than in group PCIA (P ＜ 0.05).One case happened pruritus in group PCIA,and respiratory depression and local anesthetic intoxication were not observed in the two groups.Conclusion PCEA has better inhibitory effect on the overactivation of platelet than PCIA,which may be helpful for preventing metastases of cancer ceils or postoperative thrombosis,and it is more suitable for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing radical colon cancer operation.

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of laryngeal tube-suction airway (LTSA) and SLIPA laryngeal mask airway (SLIPA) in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.MethodsSixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 40-60 yr,with body mass index ＞ 30 kg/m2,undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy,were randomly into 2 groups ( n =30 each):group LTSA ( group Ⅰ ) and group SLI PA ( group Ⅱ ).Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol with the target plasma concentration (Cp) of 3-5 μg/ml and remifentanil (target Cp =4-6 ng/ml ).Rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was injected intravenously as soon as the patients lost consciousness.LTSA and PLMA were inserted when BIS value was 50-60.HR,mean arterial pressure (MAP),SpO2,peak airway pressure(Ppeak) and PETCO2 were monitored during operation.Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed and the placement was scored.The placement time,the rate of successful placement at first attempt,airway sealing pressure,the failure of airway management and side effects were recorded.ResultsThere was no significant difference in HR,MAP,the fiberoptic bronchoscopy scores,the airway sealing pressure,and the incidence of side effects between the two groups.The placement time was significantly shorter in group Ⅰ than in group Ⅱ (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of successful placement at first attempt was more than 90％ and no failure was found in airway management in both groups.The SpO2,Ppeak,and PET CO2 were within the normal range during operation in both groups.ConclusionBoth LTSA and SLIPA can be safely and effectively used in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy,however,LTSA placement is more easier.

Objective To observe the outcomes of satellite ganglion block(SGB)via posterior edge of stcmoclcidomastoid approach.Methods SGB was performed in 2 400 patients,who wererandomly divided into two groups with l 200 cases each.The puncture of SGB in group SPA was via posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid approach and that in group TPA via traditional paratracheal approac}L The same local anesthetics was used in two groups.The success rate(Horner'S syndrome appearance)and complications were compared.Results The success rate was higher in group SPA than that in group TPA(97% VS.92%)(P<0.05).Repeated puncture was needed in 16 cases ingroup SPA,which were less than 98 cases in group TPA(P<0.05).Laryngeal nerve block wasoccurred in 24 cases in group SPA.which were less than 37 cases in group TPA(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared to the traditional paratracheal approach,SGB via posterior edge ofsternocleidomastoid approach has the advantages of clear positioning,easy puncture,higher success rate and less complications.

Objective To determine the half-effective target effect-site concentration (EC50 ) of sufentanil inhibiting the urethroscope insertion response when combined with propofol by target-controlled infusion (TCI) in the elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) . Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅰ- Ⅲ patients, aged 65 -79 yr, weighing 47-81 kg, undergoing TURP, were enrolled in the study. Anesthesia was performed with TCI of propofol and sufentanil. The target plasma concentration of propofol was 4 μg/ml. The target effect-site concentration of sufentanil was determined by up-and-down sequential trial. The initial target effect-site concentration of sufentanil was 0.3 ng/ml and the ratio of the target concentrations between the two consecutive patients was 1.1. The ECW and 95% confidence interval of sufentanil required to inhibit the response to urethroscope insertion were calculated. Results The EC50 of sufentanil required to inhibit the urethroscope insertion response was 0.23 ng/ml (95% confidence interval 0.12-0.44 ng/ml). Conclusion When combined with propofol by TCI (target plasma concentration 4 μg/ml), the EC50 of sufentanil inhibiting the response to urethroscope insertion is 0,23 ng/ml in the elderly patients undergoing TURP.