The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class III malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class III malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III/classification* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Child

TCM master,Professor Zou Yanqin,has been practicing medicine and teaching for more than 60 years;inherited the academic thoughts and clinical experience of Professor Zou Yunxiang,the third generation descendant of the Menghe School of Medi-cine,a famous doctor,master of nephrology,and famous master of Chinese medicine;leads Zou's nephrology team to continuously ex-plore and create new theories,new methods,and new prescriptions for treating kidney disease;set up a banner in the field of TCM kid-ney disease and established a complete TCM kidney disease differentiation and treatment system.The research results have been promo-ted and applied nationwide year by year and item by item.The summary of Zou's nephrology academic experience in treating kidneys is as follows:studying the classics carefully,adopting many techniques,innovating and developing;focusing on maintaining kidney qi,replenishing kidney yuan,and taking into account the five viscera;syndrome differentiation emphasizing deficiency and excess,as well as regulation of three Jiao and qi,blood,and water;identifying the symptoms,root cause,priority and the secondary;staging and seg-menting,and applying modifications;linking all kinds of lumps in kidney diseases with nourishing blood,and focusing on promoting blood circulation;advocating mild and plain treatment methods,and magical prescription;advocating lightness in the use of medicine,light medicine and heavy dose,and making good use of drug pairs;adopting various administration routes,combined use of medicine and food,ointment for nourishing and health-care.

ObjectiveThe study utilized human transcriptome microarray to explore biomarkers for diagnosing drug-induced liver injury （DILI） caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs. MethodsA 6-month follow-up study was conducted on 152 patients treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs in designated hospitals in Shanghai. The blood samples were collected at the 0， 2， 4， 8， 12 and 24 weeks after treatment. According to the clinical biochemical indicators， the research subjects were divided into DILI cases （34 cases） and Control cases （118 cases）. Single factor analysis was conducted on the influencing factors between the two groups. In a 1∶1 matched DILI-control study， RNA samples of 13 pairs of cases were sequenced by the whole transcript expression mRNA array. Differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were screened by Hotelling's T² value sequencing and the expression trend analysis of genes by STEM （short-time series expression miner）， and the functional enrichment and pathway analysis of DEGs were carried out. ResultsIn total 152 clinical cases， weight of patients was a risk factor for the occurrence of hepatotoxicity caused by anti-tuberculous drugs. Based on the analysis results of mRNA array， 513 DEGs were screened by Hotelling's T² value sequencing method， which were enriched in 32 annotations of GO （Gene Ontology） analysis and 10 pathways of KEGG （Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes） analysis. One differential expression pattern was screened by STEM， which was enriched in 2 biological process notes of GO. Among them， the key genes AIM2， CD86， CXCL10 and non-coding RNAs SCARNA10， SNHG10 and SNORD105 are potential biomarkers of DILI caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs. ConclusionIn this research for biomarkers conducted on cases with liver injury caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs， biological pathways associated with hepatotoxicity are identified and a series of key genes related with drug-induced liver injury are found， which provides the basis for mechanism study and searching for earlier and more sensitive biomarkers.

The α-amino acid ester acyltransferase (SAET) from Sphingobacterium siyangensis is one of the enzymes with the highest catalytic ability for the biosynthesis of l-alanyl-l-glutamine (Ala-Gln) with unprotected l-alanine methylester and l-glutamine. To improve the catalytic performance of SAET, a one-step method was used to rapidly prepare the immobilized cells (SAET@ZIF-8) in the aqueous system. The engineered Escherichia coli (E. coli) expressing SAET was encapsulated into the imidazole framework structure of metal organic zeolite (ZIF-8). Subsequently, the obtained SAET@ZIF-8 was characterized, and the catalytic activity, reusability and storage stability were also investigated. Results showed that the morphology of the prepared SAET@ZIF-8 nanoparticles was basically the same as that of the standard ZIF-8 materials reported in literature, and the introduction of cells did not significantly change the morphology of ZIF-8. After repeated use for 7 times, SAET@ZIF-8 could still retain 67% of the initial catalytic activity. Maintained at room temperature for 4 days, 50% of the original catalytic activity of SAET@ZIF-8 could be retained, indicating that SAET@ZIF-8 has good stability for reuse and storage. When used in the biosynthesis of Ala-Gln, the final concentration of Ala-Gln reached 62.83 mmol/L (13.65 g/L) after 30 min, the yield reached 0.455 g/(L·min), and the conversion rate relative to glutamine was 62.83%. All these results suggested that the preparation of SAET@ZIF-8 is an efficient strategy for the biosynthesis of Ala-Gln.
Escherichia coli/genetics* ; Glutamine ; Zeolites/chemistry* ; Amino Acids

Objective:To construct endocrinology nursing subspecialty model and explore its clinical effect.Methods:In December 2018, the organization structure of endocrinology nursing subspecialty was constructed in the Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing University Medical School and applied in clinic. In this model, the data of 2018 were taken as the data before application and the data of 2020 were taken as the data after application. The comprehensive ability of nurses, nurse satisfaction, related nursing workload and scientific research ability of nurses were compared before and after the application of the model.Results:After the application of subspecialty nursing mode, nurses′ comprehensive ability score was (92.00 ± 2.36) points. Compared with (84.25 ± 3.24) points before implementation, the difference was statistically significant ( t=-9.46, P<0.01); nurses′ satisfaction evaluations including specialty development (7.92 ± 1.41), self-quality improvement (8.00 ± 1.69), work pressure (6.42 ± 2.67), salary and welfare (3.96 ± 0.85), compared with (5.79 ± 2.31), (6.17 ± 2.82), (8.33 ± 1.50), (2.88 ± 1.59) before implementation, the difference was statistically significant ( t values were -3.86--2.73, all P<0.05). The annual workload of related nursing increased and the scientific research ability of nurses was improved. Conclusions:The application of endocrinology nursing subspecialty mode is beneficial to improve nurses′ comprehensive ability of clinical work, improve the level of specialized nursing, improve the quality of nursing service and promote the improvement of economic benefits, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

OBJECTIVE：To compare the che mical composition differences of raw and fried processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis ， and provide reference for clarifying the regularity of chemical composition change before and after processing and material basis of differential use of raw and fried G. uralensis . METHODS ：UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology was used to detect the composition of raw and fried G. uralensis . By comparing the retention time ，relative molecular weight and other information of the compounds with the databases such as METLIN ，Agilent MassHunter PCDL Manager off-line component identification workstation and references ，the chemical compositions of the compounds were preliminarily identified. Principal component analysis （PCA）method was used to observe the overall distribution trend of samples. Orthogonal partial least square （OPLS-DA）method was used to screen differential compounds [VIP ＞1.0 and | P（corr）|≥0.5 as criteria] and analyze the content changes of differential compounds. RESULTS ：A total of 31 common compounds were preliminarily identified from the raw and fried G. uralensis . PCA analysis showed that raw and fried G. uralensis could be separated well. OPLS-DA analysis result showed that 15 characteristic differential compounds were screened out from raw and fried G. uralensis ，including 13 flavonoids and 2 coumarins；the contents of 8 flavonoids compounds such as licoflavone A ，glycyrrhizin and glabridin and so on in G. uralensis were significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， while the contents of 5 flavonoids components such as glycyrrhizinol ，glycyrin A and 2 coumarins components such as 2′-4′-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-3-coumarim and hedysarimcoumestan B were significantly decreased （P＜0.05） after honey-fried processing. CONCLUSIONS ：Before and after processing ，there are obvious differences between some flavonoids and coumarins ， which may be the main material basis for differential use of raw and honey-fried G. uralensis .

Objective It has been increasingly realized that perioperative nutritional support plays an important role in improving clinical outcomes in children with congenital heart disease ( CHD) undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.The purpose of this review was to examine the nutritional conditions in perioperative CHD children and the main problems in nutri-tional management in the cardiac intensive care unit ( CICU) , based on which further directions were proposed .We found that preoperative malnutrition is common .This limited research of energy and protein is further compounded by the complex meta-bolic alterations with hyper-metabolism, hyper-catabolism and hypo-anabolism in the early postoperative course.Knowledge a-bout energy and protein metabolism and requirements in post-CPB children remains much limited .The current nutritional rec-ommendations in the CICU are based on little evidence .Insufficient energy and protein supply to meet demands remains a norm in the immediate postoperative period .The commonly used predictive equations do not provide accurate estimate of energy re-quirement in individual patients during the highly dynamic postoperative course .Indirect calorimetry can provide the best esti-mate of energy requirements for CHD infants .Nitrogen balance is recommended to assess the minimal protein requirement . During the early postoperative period, daily measurements of resting energy expenditure using indirect calorimetry and nitrogen balance in each individual child are essential to optimize energy and protein supply to meet requirements .A paradigm should be shifted toward individualized nutrition prescription in the context of a specific CICU feeding algorithm .

Objective To explore the baseline echocardiographic characteristics and the time course and recovery of left ventricular systolic function in patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Methods Fif-teen patients received radiofrequency cather ablation for tachycardiarrhymias from November 2012 to April 2017 were screened in this study.All 15 patients were examined by intracardiac electrophysiology and treated by RFCA under the guidance of three dimensional mapping system.All Patients received transthoracic echocardiography for 3-month follow-up.Levels of NT-proBNP before and after the ablation were compared. Results Successful abla-tion was performed in 14 of 15 patients. There was significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (35.33 ± 6.11 vs. 57.93 ± 9.38%;P < 0.001). The LVEDD after treatment had significant differences(55.47 ± 8.06 vs.49.87 ± 8.99 P<0.001)after 3-month follow-up;the LAD after treatment decreased significantly(38.87 ± 3.27 mm vs. 35.20 ± 2.46;P < 0.001)and the levels of NT-proBNP decreased after ablation from 3 474.07 ± 3 400.59 pg/mL to 497.33 ± 437.84 pg/mL(P = 0.005). Conclusions Restoration of left ventricular systolic func-tion and reversal of LV remodeling can be achieved with successful elimination of tachycardia in the majority of pa-tients.NT-proBNP level elevates in subjects with TCM and decreases sharply after ablation.

Objective To explore the excitotoxic role of NMDA receptors in striatal neurons in glutaric aciduria type I (GA1). Methods A GA1 cell model was established by lentivirus-mediated shRNA to GCDH and excessive intake of lysine. The expression levels of NMDA receptors were determined by Western blotting. The striatal neurons were preprocessed by MK801(a NMDA receptor antagonist), then infected with lentivirus and cultured in high concentration lysine. Cell viability was measured using MTT. Apoptosis was assessed using Hoechst33342 staining. Results Compared with the control group, the expression of NR2B protein in the experimental group was increased, and there was statistical difference (P<0.001). The differentces in the cell viability and normal nuclear proportion among experimental group, control group, and MK-801 pretreatment group were statistically significant (P<0.01). The cell viability and normal nucleus proportion in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group while they were significantly higher in MK-801 pretreated group than those in the experiment group but still significantly lower than those in control group (P all <0.05). Conclusion The accumulation of metabolites in GA 1 played a toxic role in striatal neurons through NMDR receptors.

Objective:To determine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FrND) scale among smoking male inpatients with schizophrenia.Methods:Two hundred and twenty smoking male inpatients,who met criteria for schizophrenia of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ),were consecutively included.FTND scale and Russell's Reasons for Smoking Questionnaire (RRSQ) were used to assess subjects'severity of nicotine dependence and addiction score of the dimension of reason for smoking,respectively.According to the principle of voluntariness,37 subjects were selected and re-assessed with FTND scale after two-week interval.Reliability,correlation and factor analyses were used to examine the reliability and validity.Results:The Cronbach α (internal consistency) and two-week re-test reliability coefficients of FTND scale were 0.68 and 0.72 (P ＜0.01),respectively.The criterion related validity coefficient with addiction score of RRSQ was 0.53 (P ＜0.01).Two common factors were abstracted from the scale factor analysis,accounting for 52.4％ of the total variance.There were statistically significant differences between patients with different duration of illness,number of hospitalizations and age of smoking initiation (P ＜0.05).Conclusion:The Chinese version of FTND scale for smoking male inpatients with schizophrenia has a relatively low internal consistency and good re-test reliability,criterion related validity,construct validity and empirical validity.