Objective To investigate the process of Stark cesarean section (CS) and analyze its key procedures and patients outcomes in order to understand its advantages and promote its standardization. Methods Elective Stark CS cases were divided into two groups according to time sequence and procedure difference. Group A refered to cases underwent modified approaches before standardization (n=362), and group B refered to cases afterward (n= 302). Duration of operation, time interval from incision to delivery, intraoperative hemorrhage, postoperative flatus time, postoperative morbidity, duration of retained urinary catheter, urinary tract irritation, wound infection, and abdominopelvie adhesion in the second operation were compared between the two groups. Results The average duration of the operations and time interval from incision to delivery in group B, which were (27.7± 10. 8) min and (4.92±1.21) min, respectively, were significantly shorter than those in group A, which were (35.6±15.2) min and (7.81±2. 79) min, respectively (P<0. 05). No significant differences was found with regard to average intraoperative hemorrhage between group A and B [(214.34±62. 1) ml vs (201.54-53.1) ml, P>0.05]. Postoperative flatus time in group B was significantly shorter than that in group A [(16.85±11.8) h vs (25.9±12. 7) h, P<0. 05]. Postoperative morbidity in group B was significantly lower than that in group A [1.3%(4/302) vs 4.7%(17/362), P<0.05]. The average duration of retained urinary catheter in group B was significantly shorter than that in group A [(15.6±5.3)h vs (26. 2±6.1)h, P<0. 05], and the urinary tract irritation rate in group B was also lower than that in group A [2. 5%(9/362) vs 0(0/302), P < 0. 05)], No incisional infection or delayed healing was found in either group. Rectus muscles, fascia and peritoneum adhesions were found in three cases with second surgery in group A and none in group B. No omentum, peritoneum and visceral peritoneum adhesion was found in either group. Conclusions Compared to the modified Stark operation, standardized procedure decreases operation associated complications and improves maternal outcomes. Therefore, standardized Stark CS should be promoted for better operative outcomes.

Objective To investigate the application effects of quantitative and qualitative fecal occult blood (FOB) reagent in colorectal cancer screening.Methods With the platform of colorectal cancer screening for early diagnosis and treatment,the original screening methods and process were not changed,individuals underwent colorectal cancer screening,aged from 40 to 74 years old,from four villages of Haining City in Zhejiang Province were selected as study objects.Initial screening included medical history questionnaire and FOB test.The first stool samples were examined both with quantitative and qualitative FOB test,one week later the second samples were detected with qualitative FOB test.History positive or once of any type of reagent positive was considered as initial screening positive.The individuals with initial screening positive received fine screening (colon endoscope examination).The effects evaluation included the positive rate of FOB,intestinal lesion detection rate,sensitivity,specificity and Youden index.The health economic analysis was calculated.Chi-square test was performed for comparisons between the two groups.Results A total of 8 427 history survey were completed,the positive rate of history was 8.48％(715/8 427) ; 6 644 underwent quantitative detection of FOB and the positive rate was 4.44 ％ (295/6 644) ; qulitative test was conducted in 12 633 samples were conducted and the positive rate was 2.56 ％ (324/12 633),the difference was statistically significant (x2 =49.27,P＜ 0.01).A total of 854 individuals with initial screening positive underwent electronic colonoscopy examination,the total intestinal lesion detection rate was 22.72％ (194/854),of which the intestinal lesion detection rate of quantitative group was 34.55％ (66/191),and that of qualitative group was 17.73％ (36/203),the difference was statistically significant (x2 =14.53,P＜0.01).The detection rate of both quantitative and qualitative test positive was 43.75 ％ (14/32).The colorectal cancer detection rates of quantitative and qualitative FOB test were 3.66％ (7/191) and 0.99％ (2/203),advanced adenoma detection rates were 8.38 ％ (16/191) and 5.91％,there were no significant differences (x2 =2.08 and 0.96,both P＞0.05).The sensitivity of quantitative and qualitative FOB test in advanced adenoma and cancer detection rate was 45.10％ and 27.45％,respectively.The average cost of quantitative and qualitative FOB test in intestinal lesions detection was 5 874.50 and 1 432.14 yuan.Conclusion The effects of quantitative FOB test in colorectal cancer screening was better than that of qualitative reagent,however on the cost of screening,the former was 4.10 times of the latter.

Objective To establish the standard for quality control ofQingyan Granule. Methods The chief components of the preparation, Sophora Tonkinensis radix et rhizoma, Adenophorae radix, Lonicera japonica caulis, and Ophiopogonis radix were identified by TLC qualitatively. The contents of licorice glycosides and glycyrrhizic acid were determined by HPLC. The separation was performed on Thermo Syncronis C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm) with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile with 0.05% phosphoric acid solution (A)-0.05% phosphoric acid solution (B), and gradient elution (0-8 min, 19%A;8-35 min, 19%→50%A). Detection wavelength was 237 nm, and flow rate was 1 mL/min.Results The spots in TLC were clear. There were spots with same color on the corresponding location of reference substance and reference herbal, negative control without interference. The linear range for licorice glycosides was 0.05-0.5μg (r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 99.97%, RSD=1.74% (n=9). The linear range for glycyrrhizic acid was 0.1-2μg (r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 99.74%, RSD=1.28% (n=9). Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, with high reproducibility, which can be used for quality control ofQingyan Granule.

Abstract: Objective　To collect extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from Xi'an City between 2019 and 2020, and analyze the drug resistance patterns of XDR-TB strains to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs and the occurrence of new defined extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Xi'an, in order to provide evidence for guiding clinical drug use of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients. Methods A total of 3 088 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that underwent phenotypic drug susceptibility testing at Xi'an Chest Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively selected to analyze the resistance of anti-tuberculosis drug. Among the stored MDR-TB strains, 114 strains of preserved multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis were randomly selected for bedaquiline and linezolid susceptibility testing. Combined with the results of previous second-line drug susceptibility testing, the incidence of newly defined extensive drug resistance was analyzed. Results Among the 3 088 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains analyzed, 411 strains (14.3%) showed resistance to isoniazid, 347 strains (11.2%) showed resistance to rifampicin, 142 strains (4.6%) showed resistance to ethambutol, 550 strains (17.8%) showed resistance to streptomycin, and 237 strains (7.6%) exhibited multidrug resistance. Of 237 MDR-TB strains, the resistance rates of ethambutol, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, sodium para-aminosalicylate, prothioconazole, capreomycin, amikacin, and clofazimine were 44.3%, 26.6%, 33.3%, 24.1%, 5.1%, 4.2%, 3.0%, and 2.5%, respectively. Among the randomly selected 114 MDR-TB strains, none showed resistance to bedaquiline, three showed resistance to linezolid, and one strain met the new definition for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Conclusion In Xi'an City, high rates of resistance among MDR-TB strains are observed for ethambutol, quinolone and sodium para-aminosalicylate, and the drug susceptibility tests should be obtained as much as possible when using these drugs. The incidence of new definition extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is low, and bedaquiline and linezolid remain effective drugs for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis even without drug susceptibility testing results.

Objective In order to know the effect of rehabilitation of pelvic organs by pelvic floor muscle training and electrical stimulation. Methods Divided 330 pregnant women into the integrated group(120 cases),the experimental group(100 cases) and the control group(100 cases) randomly. Rou-tine nursing cares was used in the control group, pelvic floor muscle training and electrical stimulation were used in the integrated group in addition, pelvic floor muscle training was used in the experimental group. Evaluated the rehabilitation condition of pelvic organs in the 42nd day after delivery among the three groups. Results All the indexes which can indicated the rehabilitation condition of pelvic or-gans in the integrated group and the experimental group were significant better than those of in the con-trol group, while there was no significant differences about the above indexes between the integrated group and the experimental group. Conclusions Pelvic floor muscle training combined with electrical stimulation can effective promote the rehabilitation of function of pelvic organs, and then prevent the in-cidence of related diseases.

Objective To study the effects of the different concentrations of ethanol extracts of Smilax China on ear edema in mice and granuloma in rats,and to provide an evidence for optimizing the extraction process. Methods Effects of different concentrations of ethanol extracts of Smilax China on the xylene-induced ear edema in mice and the cotton ball-induced granuloma hyperplasia in rats were tested . Results Compared with the model controls,70% ethanol extracts of Smilax China at high,medium and low doses significantly inhibited ear edema in mice (t=2. 58,P<0. 05;t=2. 28,P<0. 05;t=2. 17,P<0. 05) and reduced the granuloma hyperplasia in rats(t=5. 28,P<0. 01;t=5. 24,P<0. 01;t=5. 17,P<0. 01). Conclusion The 70% ethanol extracts of Smilax China at three doses present the most active antiinflammatory effect,confirmed in both mice ear edema and rats granuloma models.

Objective To explore the behavioral and emotional status of the migrated children one year after they were victimized from earthquake in Wenchuan. Methods 513 victimized children migrated out of disaster area were investigated, with Achenback Child Behavior Checklist ( CBCL), the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED)and Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC). The controls were local children ( n = 475 ) coming from the same schools. Results 487 answered files were validated. There were significant differences between the victimized and migrated children and the local children in many scores of CBCL, such as total sores( (26.73 ±6.28)Vs (20.26 ±5.76), t= 16.64, P＜0. 01 ) and withdrawal( (3.23 ±1. 68 ) Vs ( 2.02 ± 1.43 ), t = 12.91, P ＜ 0.01 ), somatization complaining( ( 2.79 ± 1. 34 ) Vs ( 1.67 ± 1.22 ), t =13.55, P ＜ 0. 01 ) and anxiety-depression scores ( ( 3.38 ± 1.79 ) Vs ( 1.95 ± 1. 21 ), t = 14.48, P ＜ 0.01 ), as well as its factors such as social problem, attentional problem, attack behavior, internalizing behavior, social communication and school scores. On the SCARED and DSRSC, the two groups were significantly different in total scores of anxiety and depression as well as in such factors as somatization, generalized anxiety, separated anxiety. Conclusion Though migrated out of the earthquake area, the victimised children still suffer obviously from behavioral problems, and anxious and depressive emotion one year after the earthquake.

Objective:To investigate the influence of different decoction containers on the chemical components in Fufang Baidu decoctions to provide scientific evidence for the establishment of rational decoction method for traditional Chinese medicine decoctions. Methods:The method of UPLC was adopted to study the influence of different decoction containers on the content of astilbin, forsytho-side A and forsythoside in Fufang Baidu decoctions. Results:With the different containers, the content change regularity was as fol-lows:porcelain pot >stainless steel pot> decocting machine of Chinese herbs> earthen pot> glass pot. Conclusion:Decocting ma-chine for Chinese herbs can be an substitute for traditional boiling utensils.

Objective To explore the molecular basis of the characteristics of the serum auto-fluorescent spectrum in patients with ovarian cancer and the changes that might be induced by surgery. Methods Using fluorospectrophotometer and 300nm excitation light,the serum auto-fluorescent spectrum of 84 patients with ovarian cancer before and after the surgery and 30 healthy people were detected. Meanwhile, the serum tumor signs (CEA, CA199 and CA125), hemoglobin and plasma albumin level of all patients with ovarian cancer were detected. Their correlation with the fluorescence spectral characteristic parameters were analyzed. Results Compared with healthy people, the serum auto-fluorescent spectrum in patients with ovarian cancer exhibited purple-shifted position of λ2 peak and red shift in λ4 peak,had higher peak extent inλ1, λ2, λ4 and λ6 peak, and larger peak area of λ1, λ2, λ3, λ4 and λ6. Compared with those in ovarian cancer patients before surgery, the serum auto-fluorescent spectrum in these patients after operation had red shifts in λ1, λ2 and λ3 peak, lower peak extent in λ1, λ2, λ3 and λ4, and smaller peak area in λ1, λ2, λ3,λ4 and λ6 peak. In ovarian cancer patients, the serum level of CEA was positively correlated with the λ2 peak extent and the peak area of λ2 and λ3, while the serum level of CA125 was positively correlated with the peak extent of λ1-λ4 and λ6 and the peak area of λ1-λ3. The serum level of CA199 was negatively correlated with the λ2 position and positively correlated with the peak extent of λ1-λ6 and the peak area ofλ1-λ3 and λ6 in patents with ovarian cancer. Besides, the serum albumin was positively correlated with theλ2 peak position and negatively with the peak extent of λ1-λ6 and the λ1-λ3 peak area, while the level of hemoglobin was positively correlated with λ1 peak position. Conclusions The elevated serum tumor markers and lower albumin (plasma) level lead to the changes of the serum autofluorescence spectra characteristic parametersin in patients with ovarian cancer.These changes can be modestly corrected by surgery.

OBJECTIVE:To know about the hot point and development tendency of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the nearest 20 years and provide reference for the further study. METHODS:Totally 5 000 papers of cited top 1% with the“TCM”themes in CNKI from 1994 to 2013 were collected. With the indicators of cited times and download times,Excel software analysis function,the CiteSpace citation analysis function and bibliometrics were adopted to statistically analyze the research field,main items,chemical constituents,pharmacological activities,published journals,personnel and units,etc. RESULTS:The papers about TCM research quantity in CNKI were increased exponentially in last 20 years,and might enter the platform period hence-forth;totally 15 main research fields,50 TCM and 60 chemical components/portions with strong activity and development prospect were highly noticed and cited;the study of pharmacological activities was the core and the most active area of TCM research,and mainly related to the major diseases and diseases with TCM advantages;totally 60 papers for highly cited were greater than 500 times,devoting 58.8%highly cited papers;40 authors and units screened from annually top 50 cited papers had wider academic in-fluence. CONCLUSIONS:Analyzing the hot point and development tendency of TCM research in the nearest 20 years based on the CNKI highly cited papers can accurately grasp the industry focus,thereby provide a certain reference and data support for tradition-al Chinese medicine research.