Objective To evaluate the survival capacity of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the microenvironment of biological safety laboratory,and provide the evidence for making the disinfection and protective measures.Methods HIV-LWJ virus supernatant fluid samples were prepared and suspended in water or RPMI1640 medium containing 5％ serum.HIV suspension was exposed to 4 ℃,room temperature (20 ℃-25 ℃) or 37 ℃,and smeared on the surface of sterilized metal slice,glass slice,plastics slice,paper slice and fabric slice.Rinsing and infecting MT4 cell after definite time points.The infectivity of these samples (TCID50) was examined.Results The survival ability of HIV was affected by temperature in vitro.Whether in medium and water,HIV infective ability decreased more rapidly at 37 ℃ (about 14 days) than at room temperature or 4 ℃ (＞ 21 day).The survival ability of HIV was obvious difference on the surface of different material in vitro.HIV can survive at least 24 h in the absorbent materials,such as paper slice and fabric slice.The virus can keep infectious at least 48 h in the smooth,non-absorbent materials,such as metal slice,glass slice and plastics slice.Conclusion HIV has relatively strong survival ability in vitro.But it is very sensitive to heat and dry environment.Therefore,to prevent accidental spreading of HIV in laboratory and daily life,the disinfection of HIV positive liquids and contaminants stored in freezer or normal temperature should be emphasized by lab staffs.