Objective To understand the pathogenic characteristics of intra-abdominal infection after appendecto-my in patients with appendicitis.Methods Clinical data of patients undergoing appendectomy in a hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively,pathogenic characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of patients with intra-abdominal infection were analyzed.Results A total of 431 patients undergoing appendectomy were investigated,38 (8.82%)developed intra-abdominal infection.36 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, 34 (94.44%)of which were gram-negative bacteria,mainly Escherichiacoli(n=29,80.55%);2 (5.56%)strains were gram-positive bacteria,1 of which was Staphylococcusaureus,and the other was Enterococcusavium.The re-sistance rates of 29 strains of Escherichia coli to commonly used antimicrobial agents (amoxicillin,piperacillin,ti-carcillin,cefuroxime,ceftazidime,and cefalotin)were 72.41%-93.10%,none of strains were found to be resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam,meropenem,imipenem,and amikacin.Conclusion Escherichiacoli is the most common pathogen causing intra-abdominal infection after appendectomy and it has high resistance rates to most commonly used antimicrobial agents,piperacillin/tazobactam,amikacin,and carbapenems are recommended for treating intra-abdominal infection after appendectomy.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of Mg and Al in 5-layer co-extrusion bags and their migration from the bags into infusion by ICP-MS. Methods:The samples were digested by microwave digestion, and the contents of Mg and Al were determined by ICP-MS under certain working conditions. Results:Both Mg and Al had a linear range between 2. 5 and 20. 0 μg ·L-1, and r was 0. 999 6 and 0. 999 7, respectively. The average recovery of Mg was 92. 90% (RSD=3. 01%,n=9),and that of Al was 94. 15% (RSD=4. 11%,n=9). Conclusion:The method is accurate, sensitive and simple, and can be used for the determi-nation of Mg and Al in 5-layer co-extrusion bags and their migration from the bags into infusion.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates from the aged patients with urinary tract infection.METHODS Totally 1211 strains of germs were identified and(susceptibility) tests were performed using VITEK-60 system as recommended by the manufacturer.RESULTS The most common pathogens were Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Enterococcus faecalis.The infective rate of fungi was higher in the elderly.CONCLUSIONS Our data will be useful for reasonably choosing(antimicrobial) agents in(treatment) of UTI in the aged.

Objective To explore the effect of relaxation training with listening to music on negative emotions of hemodialysis patients.Methods 70 hemodialysis patients were divided into the intervention group and the control group by random number table,and each group had 35 cases.The control group was given routine care,health education and routine discharge guidance during dialysis by the responsible nurses.The intervention group had relaxation training with listening to music on the basis of routine care.Before the intervention and three months after the intervention the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was used as an assessment tool to evaluate negative emotion of patients.Results Before intervention,the HAMD scores of the two groups showed no significant differences.3 months after intervention,HAMD scores had significant difference between two groups.Conclusions Relaxation training with listening to music can significantly improve patients' negative emotions,and is worthy of clinical application.

AIM: To observe the effects of ?-MSH on the expression of CD14 and TLR4 mRNA in mou se peritoneal macrophages induced by LPS and explore the mechanisms of ?-MSH ag ainst LPS. METHODS: BALB/C mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured in the presence of LPS or LPS plus ?-MSH, and the expressions of CD14 and TLR4 mRNA were detected with the m ethod of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: It was found that native murine macrophages o nly expressed a small amount of CD14 and TLR4 mRNA. Both CD14 and TLR4 mRNA expr ession to LPS in mouse macrophages increased significantly than those of contro l group at 6 h and maintained high level until 24 h when they reached to the pea k. Then the expression of CD14 mRNA backed to the normal gene expression baselin e, while TLR4 mRNA had excessive expression at 48 h. In presence of LPS and ?- MSH, the expression of CD14 and TLR4 mRNA decreased remarkably than those of L PS group (P0.05). Only when the dose s of ?-MSH attained to 1, 10 or 100 nmol/L,?-MSH could affect LPS-stimulated e xpression of CD14 and TLR4 mRNA (P0.05). CONCLUSION: These studies suggest that effects of ?-MSH against LPS are associated with its suppressing the critical receptor (CD14 and TLR4) expression of the LPS signal transduction and inhibiting the activation of macrophages.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in the expression of phospholipase C-gamma1tyr783 (PLC-γ1tyr783) in the condylar cartilage of a young rat during functional mandibular protraction. This work also explores the function of PLC-γ1tyr783 in the rat mandibular condylar cartilage bone remodeling, which could provide experimental evidence for clinical bone ortho- pedic work.

METHODSA total of 60 four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in this study. The rats were divided equally and randomly into experimental group and control group. The functional appliances that were fitted to the upper incisors of the animals in the experimental group were worn 24 h a day after the rats were fed for 7 d with homemade pellet feed. The animals in the experimental group, along with their matched controls, were sacrificed after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. The bilateral condylar was fixed, decalcified, dehyded, and then conventional paraffin embedded. Immunohisto- chemistry of PLC-γ1tyr783 was applied to observe its express distribution and variation.

RESULTSThe expression of PLC-γ1tyr783 decreased gradually in the control group, which showed age-related changes (P > 0.05). On the 14th day, PLC-γ1tyr783 expres- sion in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. PLC-γ1tyr783 expression began to appear statistically and significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPLC-γ1tyr783 is involved in the bone remodeling process of the rat condylar cartilage after functional mandibular-protraction.

Objective To explore the different changes of the adult cerebral blood flow with ages,different weight and gender,to summarize the changing characteristics of cerebral blood flow.Methods 360 cases of examination were divided into two groups according to gender,and were divided into five groups at different ages,and were divided into four groups according to body mass index,using TCD detector blood flow velocity.Results 196 cases of male physical examination,the mean cerebral blood flow was (969.37 ± 117.54)ml/min;the 164 females physical examination,the average cerebral blood flow was (987.76 ± 114.34)ml/min,there was no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Different ages cerebral blood flow velocity were different,20 to 29-year-old group and the 30 to 39-year-old group had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) ;40 to 49-year-old group,50 to 59 years,60 to 69 years old ＞ 70 age group significantly declined compoued with the first two groups,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05) ;there were significant difference between the four groups (P ＜ 0.05).Overweight and obese group were significantly lower than the light and the normal group,there was a statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TCDcan be a sensitive and accurate hemodynamic changes in the human brain,and is very important in the early diagnosis,prevention,treatment,and follow-up of cerebrovascular disease.

Objective To assess the clinical application value of color Doppler ultrasound guided puncture in peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Methods Thirty-two patients needed long-term intravenous infusion underwent PICC. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to select the puncture vascular,the best puncture point and angle, and the entire process was monitored and guided dynamically, and the initial position of the catheter tip was located. Results Color Doppler ultrasound-guided puncture was successful in all 32 patients, and the successful rate was 100%. The guided puncture time was 22 s to 19 min, and the first puncture succeeded in 30 patients (93.75%). Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound-guided puncture in PICC can obviously raise the success rate of puncture, shorten puncture time and reduce the complications. It is an easy, safe and certain method.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of benign and malignant breast tumors with 2D and color Doppler ultrasound, and to assess the value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods A total of 674 patients (327 malignant and 347 benign) of breast tumor underwent 2D and color Doppler ultrasonogarphy. Two-dimensional ultrasound was used to observe the size, form, margin and internal echo of the tumors;color Doppler was performed to observe the degree of blood flow signal in the tumor, and to measure peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistance index (RI). Results Totally 671 patients were diagnosed with ultrasound. The size of the tumors were from 0.50 cm×0.41 cm to 5.42 cm×4.10 cm. The ratio of vertical and transverse diameter of 69.11% (226/327) of the malignant tumors ≥1.0. Most tumors (266/327, 81.35%) presented with irregular margin like incised or feet of crab;61.47% (201/327) had microcalcification. Color Doppler found that 92.97% (304/327) of the tumors had blood flow signal;PSV was 15.34-39.76 cm/s, RI was 0.65-0.98, and 91.61% (262/286)≥0.70. Significant differences of the ratio of vertical and transverse diameter, the margin of the tumor, microcalcification and blood flow signal, PSV and RI (P＜0.01) were found between benign and malignant breast tumors. Conclusion The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors can be significantly improved with comprehensive analysis of 2D ultrasound, blood flow signal, PSV and RI. Color Doppler ultrasound plays an important role in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Aim: To establish a linear additive model for the predication of in vitro sinomenine hydrochloride release from the combination of immediate release, enteric-coated and sustained-release pellets based on the release profiles of each pellet type. Methods: Immediate release pellets were manufactured by extrusion/spher-onization technology. The operation of bottom-spraying in the fluid-bed equipment was conducted to enteric-coating using Eudragit~(R) L-30D-55 and sustained-release coating using Surelease~(R) . In vitro sinomenine hydrochloride release profiles of both uncoated and coated pellets were fitted to the chosen mathematical equations offered by the curve fitting toolbox of Matlab~(R) before a linear additive model was created based upon the best-to-fitting equations. The proportion of each pellet type in the combined format to generate the desired 24 h sinomenine hydrochloride release profile was solved by Matlab~(R). The predicted and assayed sinomenine hydrochloride release from the polled pellets was compared. Results: It was shown that the actual sinomenine hydrochloride release profiles of each pellet type were approximate to those of predicted ones. A linear additive model of the appropriate mathematical equations of each pellet was proven to be capable of controlling in vitro release of sinomenine hydrochloride multiple-unit pellets. Conclusion: A multiple-unit combined system of the selected pellets, as a novel sustained-release system, was successfully prepared. In vitro release performance of the calculated combination of each pellet type could be guaranteed by this approach in designing sustained-release drug delivery system.