Spontaneous locomotor activity is a widely used evaluation method in safety pharmacology of central nerve system and investigation of neuroscience.Spontaneous locomotor activity test is an important method that can investigate several animals' species and their associated indexes of spontaneous locomotor activity;it can also provide parameters for several pharmacological objectives including safety pharmacology of central nerve system.The new developed equipments and methods have many merits.This paper reviews the progress of methodology of spontaneous locomotor activity test in rats,pigs and monkeys.

Objective:To investigate the rationality of prophylactic antibiotics application during perioperative period in the pa-tients with type Ⅱ incision operation in gynecology and obstetrics in our hospital after the intervention. Methods:Totally 274 medical records of obstetrics and gynecology patients with typeⅡincision operation in our hospital from April 2012 to March 2013 were collect-ed as the control group, another 321 medical records of obstetrics and gynecology patients with typeⅡincision operation in our hospital from April 2013 to March 2014 were collected as the intervention group. The rationality of prophylactic antibiotics application before and after the intervention was compared. Results:Compared with those in the control group, the average administration time, the hos-pitalization time and the cost of antimicrobial agents were significantly decreased in the intervention group (P<0. 05). The incidence of adverse drug reactions and operation incision infection between the two groups was not significant difference (P>0. 05). Compared with those in the control group, the incidence of irrational choice of antibacterial drugs, the combined use without indication, irrational medication time,over-time use, inappropriate use and improper choice of solvents in the intervention group was significantly reduced ( P<0. 05). Conclusion:After the intervention, the rationality of prophylactic antibiotics application during perioperative period in the patients with type Ⅱ incision operation in gynecology and obstetrics in our hospital is improved significantly.

Objective To study the relationship of the plasma levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),adrenomedullin(ADM),brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)with severity of heart falure, the left ventricular ejection fraction and the relationship among them in the elderly patients with congestive heart failure(CHF). Methods The blood samples were obtained from 50 patients with congestive heart failure and 24 healthy controls.The plasma level of hs-CRP was measured by immunoturbidometry.The plasma levels of ADM and BNP were determined by radioimmunoassay.The plasma levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured with ELISA.Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)was measured by echocardiography. Results The plasma levels of hs-CRP, ADM ,BNP and MMP-2,MMP-9 had significantly negative correlation to LVEF(P

Objective To investigate the characteristics of coronary's pathological changes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Methods Four-hundred and ninety patients who were suspected with ischemic chest pain were divided into three groups according to their OGTT results: (1) IGT group: n = 161,(2) 12DM group:n = 159, (3) NGT group: n = 170. Serum levels of triglyceride (TG) , total cholesterol (TC) , highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high sensitive Creactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected, their body mass indexes (BMI) were calculated. General clinical information (including gender, age, history of smoking, history of hypertension) were collected. All the CAG results were analyzed and Gensini scores were assessed as well. Results The TG levels in the T2DM group and IGT group ([2. 41 ± 1.70] mmol/L and [2. 26 ± 1. 20] mmol/L) were significantly higher than that of the NGT group (1.95 ± 1.14) mmol/L, the differences were significant (t=0.4610,0.3124, P<0. 01 and 0.05,respectively),whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P >0.05);No significant difference was found among the three groups about TC, HDL-C, LDL-C levels (either P > 0.05). The levels of hs-CRP in T2DM group ([2. 38 ± 1. 76] mg/L and IGT group [2. 33 ± 2. 03] mg/L) were higher compared with the NGT group ([1. 54 ± 1. 32] mg/L), the differences were significant (t = 0. 8391,0. 7815, Ps < 0. 01), whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2 DM group (P >0.05). BMIs of the IGT group ([25.50 ± 3.04]kg/m2) and T2DM group ([26.09 ± 2.86]kg/m2) were higher than that of the NGT group ([24. 70 ± 3. 27] kg/m2), the differences were significant (t = 0. 8063,1. 3947, P<0. 05 and <0.01, respectively),whereas no significant difference was found between the T2DM group and IGT group (P > 0. 05). The incidence of single coronary pathological changes was 44.7% in the NGT group,it was higher than that of the IGT group (23. 6%) and T2DM group (18. 9%) (x2 = 16. 310,25. 116,Ps < 0. 05), whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group' and T2DM group (P > 0. 05);The incidences of 2 branches pathological changes in the T2DM group (37. 1%) and IGT group (39. 8%) were higher compared with NGT group (23. 5%) ,the differences were significant (x2 =1. 200,10. 099,Ps <0. 05),whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P >0. 05) ;The incidences of 3 vessels pathological changes in the T2DM group (40.9%) and IGT group (33. 5%) were higher than that of the NGT group (20. 0%) , the differences were significant (x2 = 7. 767,17. 028, Ps < 0.05), there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P > 0. 05). The incidence of subtotal or total occlusion of the T2DM group and IGT group were 22. 6% and 18.0% respectively,both were higher than that of the NGT group(7. 6%) (x2 = 14. 573,8. 019 ,Pa < 0.05) , whereas no significant difference was found between the T2DM group and IGT group (P > 0. 05). The incidences of vascular diffusing pathological change in the IGT group (24. 8%) and T2DM group (30. 8%) were higher compared with the NGT group (12.4%) (x2 =8.583,16.724, Ps < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P >0.05). The Gensini scores in the IGT group (55. 05 ± 22. 99) and T2DM group(56. 15 ± 24. 87) were significnatly higher than that of the NGT group (38. 03 ± 17. 38), the differences were significant ((t =17.0142,18. 1186,Ps <0.01),whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P>0.05). Conclusion The incidences of 2 and 3 vessels pathological changes increase significantly in patients with IGT. Moreover, the incidences of occlusion and diffuse stenosis increase significantly. This is similar to the coronary artery pathological charactersitics in patients with diabetes, which indicates that IGT is closely related to the pathological severity of coronary artery. We should pay much attention to those patients with IGT in the clinical work.

Objective To assess the clinical application value of color Doppler ultrasound guided puncture in peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Methods Thirty-two patients needed long-term intravenous infusion underwent PICC. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to select the puncture vascular,the best puncture point and angle, and the entire process was monitored and guided dynamically, and the initial position of the catheter tip was located. Results Color Doppler ultrasound-guided puncture was successful in all 32 patients, and the successful rate was 100%. The guided puncture time was 22 s to 19 min, and the first puncture succeeded in 30 patients (93.75%). Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound-guided puncture in PICC can obviously raise the success rate of puncture, shorten puncture time and reduce the complications. It is an easy, safe and certain method.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of benign and malignant breast tumors with 2D and color Doppler ultrasound, and to assess the value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods A total of 674 patients (327 malignant and 347 benign) of breast tumor underwent 2D and color Doppler ultrasonogarphy. Two-dimensional ultrasound was used to observe the size, form, margin and internal echo of the tumors;color Doppler was performed to observe the degree of blood flow signal in the tumor, and to measure peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistance index (RI). Results Totally 671 patients were diagnosed with ultrasound. The size of the tumors were from 0.50 cm×0.41 cm to 5.42 cm×4.10 cm. The ratio of vertical and transverse diameter of 69.11% (226/327) of the malignant tumors ≥1.0. Most tumors (266/327, 81.35%) presented with irregular margin like incised or feet of crab;61.47% (201/327) had microcalcification. Color Doppler found that 92.97% (304/327) of the tumors had blood flow signal;PSV was 15.34-39.76 cm/s, RI was 0.65-0.98, and 91.61% (262/286)≥0.70. Significant differences of the ratio of vertical and transverse diameter, the margin of the tumor, microcalcification and blood flow signal, PSV and RI (P＜0.01) were found between benign and malignant breast tumors. Conclusion The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors can be significantly improved with comprehensive analysis of 2D ultrasound, blood flow signal, PSV and RI. Color Doppler ultrasound plays an important role in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Objective To establish a sensitive and specific method for quantitative detection of Hantavirus RNA in serum of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)by means of multiple TaqMan-MGB fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR.Methods 96 copies of HFRS have been selected as the test object patients serum,according to hantaan viruses(HV)strains sequence to design primer and TaqManTM probe,through the preparation of genomic DNA primers concentration,probe concentration and other conditions for optimization,the initial formation of HV virus multiple TaqMan-MGB fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR fast detection methods.Results Through the optimization laboratory conditions were after muhiple TaqMan-MGB fluorescence quantitative RT-polymerase chain reaction(PCR)are the most iueal reaction conditions,set up the rapid detection of HV virus method,test process process for 1.5 hours.Conclusion Multiple TaqMan-MGB fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR has high sensitivity,high specific characteristics,detection of short time,improve the detection of the hantaan viruses,help to diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tiotropium bromide in the treatment of COPD patients and pro-vide evidence-based reference for the clinical treatment. METHODS:PubMed,EMBase,Medline,Cochrane Library,CJFD,Wan-Fang and VIP database were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trial(RCT)of tiotropium bromide(test group)vs. place-bo(control group)in the treatment of COPD. The data was extracted and the quality was evaluated by Rev Man 5.0 software. RE-SULTS:A total of 19 studies were included,involving 16 318 patients. Meta-analysis shows that the FEV1[MD=0.13,95%CI (0.12,0.14),P<0.001],FVC[MD=0.20,95%CI(0.20,0.25),P<0.001] in test group were higher than control group,SGRQ score [MD=-2.94,95%CI(-3.38,-2.49),P<0.001] and COPD exacerbation rate[RR=0.83,95%CI(0.77,0.90),P<0.001] in test group were lower than those in control group ,but the dry mouth rate was higher than that of control group[RR=2.07,95%CI(1.34, 3.20),P<0.001],there were significant differences in 2 groups . CONCLUSIONS:Tiotropium bromide has good efficacy in the treatment of COPD. However,it may cause dry mouth. Due to the methodological limitations of included studies,it remians to be further verified by large-sample and high-quality RCT.

Pharmacogenomics is a discipline studying the influence of genetic differences on drug effectiveness .It promises to op-timize the effect of medicine and reduce side effects .It is one of the most effective ways to predict the drug reaction in human body by using pharmacogenomics , which can achieve the goal of precision medicine .With the rapid development of the genetical test technolo-gies, the in vitro individual genome testing projects with the properties of high throughput , and measurable and low cost are better to be applied in medical practice and guiding for making individualized medicine plan .The study elucidated the progress in single nucleotide polymorphism and its clinical application , and focused on the strategic effects of pharmacogenomics on individualized treatment and gene diversity for guiding medicine .

AIM: To determine if aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) expression and function is influenced after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in rat lung microvessel endothelial cells and to investigate the mechanisms of lung fluid abnormal metabolism in acute lung injury. METHODS: LPS at different concentrations (100 ?g/L, 1 mg/L or 10 mg/L) was used to stimulate cultivated rat lung microvessel endothelial cells in vitro at different stimulatory times (4 h, 12 h or 24 h), respectively. Tritium water permeation was conducted for determining the intracellular signal intensity in rat lung microvessel endothelial cells. The RT-PCR technique was applied for the assay of the expression of AQP-1 mRNA. RESULTS: The signal intensity of intracellular tritium water in the LPS stimulation group was less than that in normal control significantly. Compared with the normal control group (P