Objective To understand the air microorganisms pollution and the community structure and distribution characteristics of outdoor airborne microbes in Hefei. Methods Airborne microbes were sampled by fallen plate method at 10 collection sites in the Hefei city. Results The results showed that the average concentration of the bacteria,fungi and total microbes in the outdoor environment were 5.04?104,3.75?103 and 5.41?104 cfu/m3 respectively and the fungi accounted for 6.92%of the total. The preliminary identification showed that the dominant bacteria mainly were Micrococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus and the average percentage were 37.3%, 21.0%, 10.3% and 9.5% respectively. Of the five fungi the dominant ones were Aspergillum, Penicillium, Mucor and Rhizopu. The average percentage were 42.0%,36.0%,4.4% and 4.2% respectively. Conclusion The outdoor air of Hefei has been polluted by airborne microbes. The distribution of the airborne microbes has the characteristics of time and space.It is affected not only by the environment and pollution,but also by such factors as human activities,animals and plants.

OBJECTIVE To explore urinary tract infection.METHODS Totally 750 clinical isolates of urinary tract infection were collected from patients who were cured in our hospital from 2001 to 2003,then analyzed the kinds of these bacterials and sensitive rate to antibiotics.RESULTS The percentage of Gram-negative bacilli was 53.60%,in which Escherichia coli was 38.13%;The percentage of Gram-positive cocci was 35.20%,in which Enterococcus were 16.53%;the percentage of fungi was 11.20%.The resistance rate of Escherichia coli to ampicillin,amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,quinolones,nalidixic acid and SXT was 80.54%,57.69%,45.00-71.00%, 71.23% and 65.14%,respectively,and the resistance rate to amikacin was lower than to gentamicin(5.82% vs 39.11%,P

Objective To discuss the effect of community nursing intervention on medication compliance and control rates of blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.Methods Community nursing intervention was conducted to 73 community patients with essential hypertension. The patients' medication compliance was compared before and after intervention and their control of blood pressure was also observed. Results The difference was statistically significant in the comparison of patients' knowledge of antihypertension and the proper use of antihypertensive drugs before and after intervention. Blood pressure control rate was 80.82%.Conclusions Community nursing intervention can improve patients' medication compliance and effectively control the blood pressure of the patients.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of Chelex DNA extraction from thin blood smears for genetic analysis, and to develop smear-based nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the 18S RNA of Plasrnodium falciparum. Methods Chelex-100 which was chelating ion exchange resin was used to extract DNA from Giemsa-stained or unstained thin blood smears of different concentrations of Plasmodium falciparum. With the extracted DNA as the template, 18S RNA gene was amplified by nested PCR to test the susceptibility of Chelex method. Results Positive band of 205bp appeared in nested PCR with DNA extracted from Giemsa-stained or unstained thin blood smears of patient with falciparum malaria. Using the Chelex method, the detection limits of the smear-based nested PCR were 1.5 × 101 parasite/μL blood for Giemsa-stained and 1.5×10-1 parasite/μL blood for unstained thin blood smears. Conclusions Chelex DNA extraction is a simple and efficient method for extracting trace amount of DNA from thin blood smear. The smear-based nested PCR developed in this study is feasible to identify the gene from reserved thin blood smears and will provide a new approach for clinical diagnosis and study of molecular epidemiology.

Objective To explore the relationship between ULI43 sequence variability and clini-cal disease. Methods UL143 from samples obtained from suspected congenitally human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infected symptomatic infants were PCR amplified and sequenced. Results There were not too much sequence variability of UL143 compared with Toledo. But no one was completely identical to Toledo, and all UL143 ORFs were shorter than Toledo for frame-shift. Conclusion HCMV-UL143 existed in moat of low passage isolates and sequences were variable. No obvious linkage was observed between UL143 poly-morphisms and outcome of suspected congenital HCMV infection.

AIM:To study the protection of Glycyl-L-Glutamine(Gly-Gln) against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury in the isolated rat heart.METHODS:A model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was established with a Langendorff apparatus.Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group,Gly-Gln group,I/R group and I/R+Gly-Gln group.Both I/R and I/R+Gly-Gln group were pre-perfused for 30 min,followed by 20 min ischemia and 40 min reperfusion.During reperfusion I/R+Gly-Gln group was perfused with Gly-Gln perfusate.Control group was kept perfused for 90 min.Gly-Gln group Gly-Gln perfusate was also kept perfused for 90 min.The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP),left ventricular developed pressure(LVDP),?dp/dtmax,heart rate(HR),monophasic action potentials(MAP) was measured during perfusion.The coronary effluent fluid was collected at different certain times.The activities of lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) and creatine kinase(CK) were determined.RESULTS:The isolated rat heart function decreased severely after 20 min ischemia and 40 min reperfusion(I/R):the LVEDP increased and the LVDP,?dp/dtmax decreased.But the LVEDP decreased and the LVDP,?dp/dtmax increased in I/R+Gly-Gln group compared with I/R group.Moreover,the activities of LDH and CK in the coronary effluent fluid decreased remarkably in I/R+Gly-Gln group compared with I/R group.CONCLUSION:Gly-Gln can play a protective role against myocardial I/R injury in isolated rat hearts via maintaining the left ventricular function and decreasing the release of LDH and CK.

AIM: To investigate the protective effects of berberine against liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice and the mechanisms underlying its protective effect.METHODS: The male mice were divided randomly into control,berberine group,LPS group and berberine treatment group.Mice were administered intragastrically with distilled water(0.01 mL/g) or(5 g/L) neutral sulfate berberine(0.01 mL/g) once a day for 5 days and injected intraperitoneally with normal saline or LPS(0.02(mL/g),28 mg/kg)at 1 h after gavage on day 5.Blood was collected for determining alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activities,the content of tumor necrosis factors-?(TNF-?) at 10 h and 2 h after LPS or normal saline injection,respectively.Furthermore,the liver tissue was processed,and histological changes and ultrastructure in liver were observed with light and electron microscopy,malondialdehyde(MDA) content and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in liver were also detected.RESULTS: Both ALT and AST activities in serum in LPS group were higher than those in control and berberine treatment group.LPS increased the serum TNF-? content at 2 h after injection,which was reversed by berberine pretreatment.The histological examination showed that LPS caused severe hepatic cell edema,degeneration,apoptosis and even necrosis,and ultrastructure observation demonstrated that LPS induced mitochondrial swelling,condensation and margination of chromatin,irregular nuclear envelope in hepatocytes.The above pathological changes produced by LPS were attenuated by berberine pretreatment.Moreover,MDA contents in liver tissue were higher in LPS group than control and berberine treatment group,but there were no significant difference in SOD activity between berberine treatment and LPS group.CONCLUSION: Berberine has a protective effect on LPS-induced liver injury in mice,the mechanisms may be related to its decreasing the production of TNF-?,inhibiting lipid peroxidation and protecting mitochondria.

Objective To study the anti-tumor effect of Zhongjiefeng Injection in vitro and its combination with adriamycin.Methods MTT assay was adopted to determine the in-vitro anti-tumor effect,IC50 was used to measure the direct anti-tumor effect,and Jing' s formula was applied to analyze the combination of the drugs.Results Zhongjiefeng Injection can inhibit the proliferation of Bel 7402(human hepatoma cells),HCT-8(human colon cancer cells),and the IC50 was 33.13 mg/mL for Bel 7402 and 52.39 mg/mL for HCT-8 respectively.Zhongjiefeng Injection at the concentrations of 3.125,6.25,12.5 mg/mL showed an efficancy potentiation action with doxorubicin on the inhibition of HCT-8 cells in vitro,and 25,50 mg/mL showed a synergic effect on HCT-8 .Conclusion Zhongjiefeng Injection has a certain in-vitro inhibitory effect on the growth of Bel 7402 and HCT-8,its combination with doxorubicin in vitro can produce synergic effects(a simple combined or enhanced effects)to HCT-8 cells,especially high concentrations of Zhongjiefeng Injection with doxorubicin.It is suggested that Zhongjiefeng Injection in the doubled dosage may have a better synergistic effect with doxorubicin in clinical treatment of colon cancer.

To improve the oral medical students' entrepreneurial ability, in accordance with the requirements of national innovation and entrepreneurship training plan for the college students,Zhaoqing Medical College launches the entrepreneurship training project-establishing and managing private dental clinics, aiming at the development trend of China medical industry and professional characteristics. The project fully mobilizes students' initiative, enables them to learn how to establish, operate and manage the community oral clinic, stimulates students' entrepreneurial spirit and improves their ability.

Objective To investigate the effect of Shufeng Xuanfei and Jiebiao Qingli concoctions on Toll-like receptor (TLR) signal pathway of pneumonia infected with influenza virus in mice.Methods The pneumonia model was reproduced by nasal dropping of influenza virus A in mice.The mice were randomly divided into nine groups:normal group (C),model group (M),tamiflu group (D),Shufeng Xuanfei low-dose (SL),medium-dose (SM) and high-dose (SH) groups,Jiebiao Qingli low-dose (JL),medium-dose (JM) and high-dose (JH) groups,each n =12.Two hours after model-reproduction,the mice in C group and M group received distilled water by gavage.The mice in D group received 2.5 g· mL-1· d-1 oseltamivirphosphate.Shufeng Xuanfei formula in doses of 3.76,1.88,0.94 g· kg1 · d-1 were respectively administered to SH,SM and SL groups by gavage,Jiebiao Qingli formula in doses of 4.37,2.18,1.09 g ·kg-1 ·d-1 was given to JH,JM and JL groups by gavage,respectively.Each group was in equal dose of 0.2 mL daily over a 4-day period.Total RNA was extracted in each group.Then gene chips were used to screen these RNA samples.Some genes that were involved in TLR signal pathways were selected.These candidate genes were verified by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results TLR7,MYD88,CCLS,IFNB1,IL6,IL12a,NFKBIA and IKBKB were up-regulated in model group compared with control group.Compared with model group,down-regulated genes in medium-dose,low-dose Shufeng Xuanfei formula and medium-dose Jiebiao Qingli formula included TLR3,TLR7,MYD88,CCL5,IFNB1,IL6,IL12a,NFKBIA and IKBKB (log2 signal intensity of SM,/M in medium-dose Shufeng Xuanfei formula group were-1.24,-2.02,-1.36,-1.95,-0.63,-1.33,-3.50,-1.33,-1.33,log2 signal intensity of SI/M in low-dose Shufeng Xuanfei group were-1.07,-2.43,-2.63,-2.30,-5.09,-3.19,-3.53,-1.95,-1.95,log2 signal intensity of JM/M in medium-dose Jiebiao Qingli formula group were -1.78,-0.55,-1.35,-1.47,-1.65,-2.03,-3.02,-1.57,-1.57,respectively).The results suggested that the effect of Shufeng Xuanfei formula was better than that of Jiebiao Qingli formula.By RT-PCR,compared with model group,low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups of Shufeng Xuanfei formula,medium-dose and high-dose groups of Jiebiao Qingli formula,and tamiflu group,significant decrease in TLR7,nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB),myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88) mRNA expression were found.Medium-dose and low-dose Shufeng Xuanfei formula group (TLR7 mRNA:3.6 ±0.3,3.5 ± 1.2 vs.7.4 ± 1.6,NF-κB mRNA:1.1 ±0.2,1.0 ±0.2 vs.2.2 ±0.4; MyD88mRNA:1.4 ± 0.4,1.0 ± 0.3 vs.3.4 ± 0.9,all P＜0.01) and medium-dose Jiebiao Qingli formula group (TLR7 mRNA:4.9 ± 0.3 vs.7.4 ± 1.6,NF-κB aRNA:1.3 ± 0.7 vs.2.2 ± 0.4,MyD88 mRNA:1.6 ± 0.8 vs.3.4 ± 0.9,P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01) were shown statistically significant decreases compared with the model group.Conclusions Medium-dose and low-dose Shufeng Xuanfei formula and medium-dose Jiebiao Qingli formula can inhibit the inflammatory reaction induced by influenza virus by down-regulating the NF-κB through TLR signal pathways dependent on MyD88.The regulation of Shufeng Xuanfci formula in TLR signal pathways was superior to that of Jiebiao Qingh formula.