Objective To summarize the experience of mammotome minimally invasive biopsy in detection of early breast cancer.Methods 1000 cases with breast lesions underwent minimally invasive surgery under imaging guided mammotome.Results By intraoperative frozen section,10 cases of early breast cancer was found,with 3 millimetre as the minimum lesion diameter,among whom 4 cases were intraductal carcinoma,5 cases were infiltrating ductal carcinoma,and 1 case was mixed carcinoma.Axillary lymph node metastasis was found in only 1 case.Conclusions Non-palpable small lesions cant be ignored.Ultrasound-guided mammotome minimally invasive surgery can accurately position and specifically diagnose non-palpable small lesions or multiple lesions,as well as suspicious malignant lesions.Benign lesions can be directly resected by uhrasound-guided mammotome minimally invasive surgery,which is of great value in detection of early breast cancer.

As the urgent need of both clinic and research,the identification of hypertonia subtypes is becoming more and more important. Hypertonia assessment tool is a standardized discriminative measure with good reliability and validity. Hypertonia assessment tool can identify paediatric hypertonia subtypes. For its easily learning,it can be easily generalized in clinician.

The performance appraisal (PA) system establishment in scientific research institutes on traditional Chi-nese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in the management of TCM research work, which can set up both well-defined guidance and favorable appraisal regimen for scientific researchers, so that leads to the accomplishment of the scientific objectives. However, current PA system establishment has fallen seriously behind the real demand in most TCM research institutes. As a result, there is a serious lack of a mature, efficient, standardized, propagable PA system in TCM research field. In this paper, we tried to discuss the current situation and key issues in building modern PA system in TCM research institutes. The PA system development in scientific research institutes on TCM was pointed out. The PA system should be based on existed referenced similar platforms, with full consideration on professional features and Chinese culture. The PA system establishment should be with most science, systematicness, objectivity, and guidance. The PA system should also be established to evaluate the scientific researchers equitably, guide the scientific trend, provide proper institute, and promote scientific research.

Objective To explore the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of primary malignant pericardial mesothelioma (PPM).Methods Cases of PPM with description of echocardiographic presentations from China mainland were searched from database during 1981 to 2015.Data about the clinical and echocardiographic features of the patients were collected.Results A total of 122 patients were included for analysis.It involved mainly middle-aged [(39.9 ± 14.7)years] and male patients (79,64.8％).The most common echocardiographic demonstration was pericardial effusion (74.6％) with were mostly bloody (97.7％),followed by pericardial masses (36.9％) and pericardial thickening (18.0％).The echocardiographic diagnostic accordance rate was about 26.2％.Conclusions The most common presentation of PPM on echocardiogram is massive pericardial effusion.Echocardiography is of great value in screening and assessment of PPM.The definitive diagnosis is made by histopathological examination.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of a two-step infusion therapy with meropenem against noso-comial multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods 112 elderly patients with nosocomial multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were randomized into two groups:two-step infusion therapy group ( rapid first-step infusion in 30 minutes and slow second-step infusion in 2.5 hours) and traditional 30 minutes infusion therapy group.The antibiotic clinical efficacy and bacteriological efficacy were observed between two groups .Results The clinical efficacy of observation group and control group were 82.2%(46/56) vs 57.1%(32/56).The difference was statistically significant(χ2 =10.185,P<0.05);The bacteriological efficacy of observation group and control group were 75.0%(42/56) vs 46.4%(26/56),The difference was statistically significant (χ2 =10.265,P<0.05). Conclusion The clinical efficacy and bacteriological efficacy of two-step infusion therapy with meropenem against nosocomial multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmo -nary disease were superior to the traditional therapy .

Objective To evaluate the effects of sulforaphane preconditioning on cognitive dysfunction induced by sevoflurane anesthesia in aged rats.Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 22 months,weighing 380-560 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:control group,sevoflurane group (Sev group),and sulforaphane group (Sul group).In group Sul,sulforaphane25 mg/kg was administered by oral gavage once a day for 7 consecutive days,while the equal volume of distilled water was given instead of sulforaphane in Sev and C groups.Groups Sev and Sul inhaled 3％ sevoflurane in oxygen (2.5 L/min) and group C inhaled air (100 min/d) for 5 consecutive days starting from the end of gavage.At 24 h after sevoflurane inhalation,cognitive function was detected using Morris water maze and open field tests.The escape latency,frequency of crossing the original platform,the number of crossing the grid,the number of standing on the back legs and the time the animals spent in the central square were recorded.Results Compared with group C,the frequency of crossing the original platform,the number of crossing the grid,and the number of standing on the back legs were significantly reduced,the time the animals spent in the central square and escape latency on 1st day were prolonged and no significant changes were found in the escape latency on 2nd-4th days in group Sev.Compared with group Sev,the frequency of crossing the original platform,the number of crossing the grid,and the number of standing on the back legs were significantly increased,and the time the animals spent in the central square and escape latency on 1st day were shortened.Conclusion Sulforaphane preconditioning can improve the cognitive dysfunction induced by sevoflurane anesthesia in aged rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane anaesthesia on the cognitive function and phosphorylation of tau protein in hippocampal neurons in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice.Methods Male APP gene mutation mice,weighing 18-22 g and aged 8-12 weeks,were used in this study.Forty-four APP positive mice were randomly divided into two groups:sevoflurane group (group AS,n =28) and control group (group AC,n =16).And other forty-four APP negative mice were randomly divided into two groups:sevoflurane group (group S,n =28) and control group (group C,n =16).The animals in groups S and AS inhaled 3％ sevoflurane for 4 hours.While in groups C and AC,the animals inhaled pure oxygen for 4 hours.Morris water maze was performed 24 hours after sevoflurane or pure oxygen inhalation.The phosphorylation of tau protein at Ser262 and Ser396 sites was detected by Western blotting on 1 day after pure oxygen inhalation in groups AC and C,and on 1,3 and 7 days after sevoflurane inhalation in groups AS and S.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged and the duration of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened in groups S and AC,and the phosphorylation of tau protein at Ser262 site in group S and phosphorylation of tau protein at Ser262 and Ser396 sites in group AS were increased (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group S,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the duration of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,and the phosphorylation of tau protein at Ser262 and Ser396 sites was increased in group AS (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group AC,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the duration of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,and the phosphorylation of tau protein at Ser262 and Ser396 sites was increased in group AS (P＜0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane anesthesia can aggravate the impairment of cognitive function in APP positive mice and the increase in the phosphorylation of tau protein at Ser262 and Ser396 sites is involved in the mechanism.

Objective To investigate the effect of fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) pretreatment on myocardial connexin 43 (Cx43) in a rat model of acute myocardial ischemia.Methods Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats (aged 8-12 weeks and weighing 220-280 g) were randomly divided into three groups (n =12 each):sham operation group (group S),ischemia group (group Ⅰ) and FDP + ischemia group (group F).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of 10％ chloral hydrate 40 mg/100 g,then tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated.Acute myocardial ischemia was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 minutes.Myocardial ischemia was verified by elevation of the S-T segment on echocardiogram (EGG).In group F,FDP 100 mg/kg was injected intravenously 10 minutes before ischemia.The hearts were removed after 30 minutes of myocardial ischemia.The myocardial infarct size (IS) and area at risk (AAR) were measured and the IS/AAR ratio was calculated.The expression of myocardial Cx43 protein was determined by immunohistochemestry and analysis of mean optical density.Results The severities of arrhythmia were significantly higher in groups F and I than in group S,while lower in group F than in group Ⅰ (P＜ 0.05).The IS/AAR ratio was significantly lower in group F than in group Ⅰ.The myocardial Cx43 protein expression was down-regulated in group Ⅰ and group F as compared with group S,and was significantly lower in group Ⅰ than in group F.Conclusion FDP pretreatment can protect myocardium against acute ischemia by up-regulation of myocardial Cx43 expression.

Objective To study the expression of mitochondrial tumor suppressor gene 1 (MTUS1) mR-NA in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Methods Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to detect MTUS1 mRNA level in 68 cases of human PTC and the adjacent non-cancerous epithelium (NCE) specimens.Results The relative expression value of MTUS1 mRNA in PTC was 0.31 ± 0.09,while it was 0.65 ±0.12 in NCE.The difference had statistical significance between the 2 groups(t =2.39,P ＜0.05).In PTC,mRNA expression of MTUS1 gene was related to the pathological grade,and lymph node metastasis(P ＜ 0.05)while it was not related to patients' age,sex,differentiation degree,tumor size or TNM stage(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion mRNA expression of MTUS1 gene is lower in PTC than in NCE,which may play an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of PTC.

Objective Methylation of anti-oncogene can be demethylated by related drugs which can help the inactivated gene to express again .This study aims to study the effects of the demethylating agent 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine on the growth of human thyroid papillary cancer cell line TPC-1 and mRNA and protein expres-sion of KLF4.Methods TPC-1 cells were treated with different concentration of 5-Aza-CdR.MTT was used to detect the influence of 5-Aza-CdR on cell proliferation .RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA and protein expression levels of KLF4.Results After being treated with 5-Aza-CdR for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours, the growth of TPC-1 cells was inhibited and the inhibition was in time and concentration depended manner .After treatment with 5-Aza-CdR, mRNA and protein expression levels of KLF 4 were increased, and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion 5-Aza-CdR can inhibit the cell viability of TPC-1 cells through upregulat-ing KLF4 expression , which may provide experimental basis for 5-Aza-CdR in treating thyroid cancer .