Objective To study the expression of clock genes in Parkinson's disease(PD) and also the molecular clock machinery of PD.Methods Seventeen PD patients(nine men,eight women)and sixteen agematched controls(nine men,seven women) were investigated in this study.Bload samples were collected over a 12h span at 21:00,00:00,06:00 and 09:00.Using a real-time PCR assay,the peripheral molecular clock was examined by measuring Bmall and Bmal2 expression in total leukocytes during the dark span(from 21:00 to 09:00)in PD patients and age-matched healthy controls.Results At PD,the relative abundance of Bmall was significantly lower at 21:00,00:00 and 06:00(21:00:(22.17±4.09)vs(51.14±8.31),P=0.003,00:00:(30.30±5.45)vs(100.00±24.71),P=0.008,06:00:(19.02±3.33)vs(65.61±14.11),P=0.002).The relative Bmal2 levels in PD patients were significantly less abundant than controls at 21:00 and 00:00(21:00:(48.09±7.40)vs(84.96±9.34),P=0.005;00:00:((65.85±7.88)vs(100.00±11.78),P=0.025).Conclusion These results suggest that a peripheral molecular clock is altered in PD patients.In addition,the relative abundance of Bmall and Bmal2 was significantly lower in PD patients versus control subjects,which can provide a molecular basis to help monitor disease progression and response to investigational drugs.

Objective: To explore the effects of 17 β-estradiol (E2) and 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME) on endothelium-1/nitric oxide (ET-1/NO) cascade in experimental rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Methods: A total of 48 female SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:①Sham operation group,②Ovariectomy (OVX) group,③Hypoxia group,④OVX+hypoxia group,⑤OVX+hypoxia+E2 group, the rats received subcutaneous E2 at 20μg/(kg?d) and⑥OVX+hypoxia+2ME group, the rats received subcutaneous 2ME at 240μg/(kg?d).n=8 in each group. Blood levels of ET-1, NO, eNOS activity and the expressions of pulmonary tissue endothelium A receptor (ETAR), ETBR and eNOS were compared among different groups. Results: Compared with Sham operation group, Hypoxia and OVX+hypoxia groups showed small pulmonary artery thickening with lumen narrowing, increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), allP<0.01; the above morphological and mPAP changes were reduced by E2 and 2ME intervention. Compared with Sham operation group, OVX and Hypoxia groups had increased blood ET-1 and pulmonary mRNA, protein expressions of ETAR, decreased pulmonary ETBR, all P<0.01; the above changes were more obvious in OVX+hypoxia group; E2 and 2ME intervention reduced blood ET-1 and pulmonary ETAR expression, but they were still higher than Sham operation group, meanwhile, ETBR expression was elevated, but it was still lower than Sham operation group, allP<0.01; blood ET-1 was lower in OVX+hypoxia+2ME group than OVX+hypoxia+E2 group,P<0.05. Compared with Sham operation group, OVX group had decreased pulmonary eNOS protein expression,P<0.01; Hypoxia group had decreased blood NO and pulmonary eNOS protein expression,P<0.05 orP<0.01; OVX+hypoxia group had decreased blood NO, eNOS activity and decreased pulmonary mRNA and protein expressions of eNOS, allP<0.01; E2 and 2ME intervention elevated the above indexes,P<0.05 orP<0.01, but they were still lower than Sham operation group, allP<0.05. Conclusion: E2 and 2ME could decrease blood ET-1 and pulmonary ETAR expression, increase pulmonary ETBR expression; elevate blood NO, eNOS activity and pulmonary eNOS expression. E2 and 2ME may partially reverse pulmonary hypertension via improving ET-1/NO cascade in experimental rats.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a type of fatal central nervous system degeneration caused by infectious pathogenic prion protein. The early clinical manifestations of the disease are diverse and lack of specificity, so it is difficult to distinguish it from other neurological diseases. Researchers have made long-term exploration and clinical applications in imaging, electroencephalography, and detection of special proteins in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. In recent years, the development of new methods for the detection of pathogenic prion protein has provided great help for the early diagnosis of the disease, and it has great clinical application prospects. This article reviews the current research on the epidemiology, etiology and pathological mechanism and early diagnosis biomarkers of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, in order to help clinical colleagues to further enhance the understanding of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Objective To compare the sensitivity,accuracy and specificity between automated breast volume scanner (ABVS) and ultrasonic elastography (UE) in the diagnosis of breast mass.Methods From May 2016 to July 2017,132 patients with breast mass in the No.266 Hospital of PLA were chosen in the research.ABVS,UE and two-dimentional ultrasonography were used for diagnosis,and the diagnostic results were compared with pathological results.Results The sensitivity,accuracy and the specificity of two-dimensional ultrasonography were 76.54％ (62/81),75.0％ (114/152),73.24％ (52/71),respectively,which of UE were 80.25％ (65/81),78.95％ (120/152) and 77.46％ (55/71),respectively,which of ABVS were 88.89％ (72/81),88.16％ (134/152) and 87.32％ (62/71),respectively.The sensitivity of ABVS was higher than that of two-dimensional ultrasonography (x2 =4.318,P＜0.05),while had no statistically significant difference compared with that of UE(x2 =2.318,P ＞ 0.05).The accuracy and specificity of ABVS were higher than those of UE and two-dimensional ultrasonography (accuracy:x12 =8.756,x22 =4.692;specificity:x12 =4.449,x22 =4.135;all P ＜0.05).Conclusion The sensitivity,accuracy and specificity of ABVS in the diagnosis of breast lesions are high,and doctors from ultrasonic department are recommended to use ABVS to diagnose breast cancer.This can improve the detectable rate of breast cancer and the cure rate and survival rate of patients.

Objective To investigate the action mechanism of cyclic RNA0001287(circ_0001287)and miR-21 in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods Primary human retinal pigment epithelium(phRPE)cells were iso-lated for circRNA microarray analysis.Arising retinal pigment epithelium(ARPE)-19 cells were cultured in vitro and divid-ed into the blank group,high-glucose group,negative group,si-circ group,circ_0001287 group,circ_0001287+negative group,and circ_0001287+miR-21 group.Small interfering RNA(siRNA)oligonucleotides against circ_0001287,mimics containing miR-21 sequences and miR-21 mimic plasmids were constructed.In the negative group,si-circ group,circ_0001287 group,circ_0001287+negative group and circ_0001287+miR-21 group,the empty plasmid,circ_0001287 siRNA,circ_0001287 mimics,circ_0001287 mimics+miRNA disordered sequence,and circ_0001287 mimics+miR-21 mimic plasmid were transfected into ARPE-19 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection Reagent.After transfection for 6 h,the Opti-MEM medium was replaced with a fresh normal medium.Cells in the blank group and the high-glucose group were not transfected.Cells in the blank group were cultured with culture solution containing 5.5 mmol·L-1 glucose,and cells in the high-glucose group were cultured with culture solution containing 15.5 mmol·L-1,25.5 mmol·L-1 and 35.5 mmol·L-1 glucose,respectively.Cells in other groups were treated with 35.5 mmol·L-1 glucose for 48 h.The expressions of circ_0001287 and miR-21 were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),cell proliferation activity was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8,and the targeting relationship between circ_0001287 and miR-21 was detected by Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay.RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP)assay and biotin-coupled probe pull-down assay were used to verify the targeting relationship between circ_0001287 and miR-21.Western blot was used to detect protein expression.Re-sults After screening by circRNA,the expression of hsa_circ_0001287 in phRPE cells was significantly reduced.RT-PCR detection showed that compared with the blank group,circ_0001287 expression in ARPE-19 cells in the high-glucose group decreased(P＜0.05)in a dose-dependent manner,and miR-21 expression in ARPE-19 cells gradually increased with the in-crease of glucose concentration(P＜0.05).After co-transfection of siRNA with circ_0001287 mimics,siRNA also reduced circ_0001287 expression,and the relative expression of circ_0001287 in the circ_0001287+negative group(0.70±0.03)was significantly lower than that in the negative group(0.98±0.04,P＜0.05).For cells transfected with the circ_0001287-WT plasmid,compared with the control simulation group(0.98±0.03),the relative luciferase activity of the miR-21 simulation group(0.59±0.02)decreased(P＜0.05).However,for cells transfected with circ_0001287-MUT plasmid,the relative ac-tivity of luciferase was almost the same in the control simulation group(0.96±0.05)and the miR-21 simulation group(1.00±0.04,P＞0.05).In the anti-Ago RIP experiment,miR-21 was significantly enriched in the circ_0001287 group com-pared with the control group,indicating that miR-21 could be significantly pulled down by the biotinylated circ_0001287 probe.Pull-down analysis demonstrated that compared with the control IgG,circ_0001287 specific probe pull-down sam-ples showed significant enrichment of circ_0001287 and miR-21.In this experiment,the cell proliferation rate of the circ_0001287+miR-21 group(78.25％±3.01％)was lower than that of the circ_0001287+negative group(90.88％±3.51％,P＜0.05).Compared with the blank group,the expression of PTEN protein in ARPE-19 cells in the high-glucose group treated with 35.5 mmol·L-1 glucose was significantly down-regulated(P＜0.05),the expression of PTEN protein in ARPE-19 cells in the circ_0001287 group was higher than that in the negative group(P＜0.05),and the expression of PTEN protein in ARPE-19 cells in the circ_0001287+miR-21 group was higher than that in the circ_0001287 group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of circ_0001287 is down-regulated in phRPE cells and high-glucose induced ARPE-19 cells,and up-regulated circ_0001287 can inhibit the injuiy of diabetic RPE cells by adsorption of miR-21 and activation of PTEN expression.

As a major factor in determining performances of the electrochemical super capacitor, electrode materials have received wide attentions recently. Bacteria, with their advantages of low cost, abundance, environmental protection and easy to get from nature, have become the promising biomaterials. The composite electrode materials based on bacteria or their related products, have the advantages of large specific surface area, good cycle stability and high capacitance, and become the research focus in the field of super capacitor electrode materials. Herein, the characteristics and related technology of different bacteria on the preparation of electrode materials for super capacitor were summarized. This review systematically elaborates the latest research progress of bacterial composite electrode materials. Moreover, the prospect of super capacitors has been discussed.