Objective To evaluate the effect of the opioid switch from morphine to sufentanil on the expression of μ-opioid receptors in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) of rats.Methods Forty healthy male Wistar rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 250-290 g,were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),7 day sufentanil group (group S),7 day morphine group (group M),14 day morphine group (group MM),and 14 day alternate administration of morphine and sufentanil group (group MS).Normal saline 2 ml/kg,sufentanil 0.01 mg/kg and morphine 10 mg/kg were injected subcutaneously in the cervical region twice a day for 7 consecutive days in C,S and M groups,respectively.In group MM,morphine 10 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously in the cervical region twice a day for 14 consecutive days.In group MS,morphine 10 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously in the cervical region twice a day for 7 consecutive days (1st-7th days),and sufentanil 0.01 mg/kg was then injected subcutaneously in the cervical region twice a day for 7 consecutive days (8th-14th days).The tail flick latency (TFL) to a thermal nociceptive stimulus was measured at 15 and 30 min after the initial administration every day.After the last administration,the rats were sacrificed,and the midbrain PAG was isolated for determination of the expression of the μ-opioid receptor and μ-opioid receptor mRNA using Western blot and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction,respectively.Results Compared with group C,the TFL was significantly prolonged on 1st-6th days after the beginning of administration in M,MM and MS groups,the TFL was significantly prolonged on 1st-7th days after the beginning of administration in group S,and the expression of the μ-opioid receptor and μ-opioid receptor mRNA in the midbrain PAG was significantly down-regulated in M,MM and MS groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group MM,the TFL was significantly prolonged on 8th-14th days after the beginning of administration,and the expression of the μ-opioid receptor and μ-opioid receptor mRNA in the midbrain PAG was significantly up-regulated in group MS (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which the opioid switch from morphine to sufentanil reduces morphine tolerance is related to enhanced activity of μ-opioid receptors in the midbrain PAG of rats.

Objective To investigate collagen Ⅳ and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)expression in intimal hyperplasia(IH) in rat vein grafts. Methods Vein graft model was constructed in rats. At day 3,week 1,2,4,8 and 12 after surgery,vein grafts were obtained and examined by HE and Verhoeff stains. The thickness and area ratio of intima/media were measured. The positive cells of 5′-Brdu were detected to indicate SMC proliferation. The positive ratio of collagen Ⅳ and MMP-2′s protein and mRNA were calculated. Results The neointima was found at 1 week post-operation. The maximal IH occurred at 2 to 4 week. The similar tendency was observed in the positive cells of 5′-Brdu. Collagen Ⅳ was on the decrease at 1 week and negative from 2 to 8 week ( P

Mai is the important concept in TCM and this term has been found in the early classic work of TCM. With the development and perfection of TCM theory, the original meaning of mai is "blood vessels entirely distrusted in the body". In five dynasties, the meaning of it was supplemented as "distribution of qi and blood in five zang and six fu organs to the four extremities", in which, not only blood but also qi has been included. With the constant understanding on mai, qi and blood, the unique concept of meridian and collateral is gradually generated. In terms of the modern study on the original meaning of mai and the academic evolution of meridian and collateral, it is discovered that qi is predominated and distributed in meridian and collateral as compared with blood. It is very significant to study the original meaning and academic evolution of mai, as well as the origin of the concept of meridian and collateral and to provide the reference support for the terminology standardization and basic study.
Acupuncture ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Meridians ; Qi ; history ; Terminology as Topic

Objective To establish a method for isolating and culturing fibroblasts from cirrhotic liver in vitro,observe the biological characteristics of fibroblasts.Methods Human fibroblasts from cirrhotic liver were isolated and cultured by adhering to the culture plastic.The morphologic and growth characteristics of the acquired cells were observed by microscopy imaging and cell counting.The expression of FSP-1 and Vimentin of fibroblasts was detected through immunofluorescence and western blotting.Results The tissue blocks were well-adherent to the culture plastic within 2 hours.Hepatocyte-like cells were observed surrounding the blocks within about 1 week,and spindle-shaped fibroblasts were observed within about 2 weeks.After a series of passage,the attached cells became proliferated quickly.The growth curves of the passage 3,4 and 5 were quite similar.The result of immunofluorescence showed the expression of FSP1 and Vimentin was positive.The positive rate was respectively (90.6 ± 1.0) ％ and (91.2-± 4.1) ％.Conclusions Human fibroblasts from cirrhotic liver can be cultured successfully through adherent property.The method for isolation and culture of fibroblasts from cirrhotic liver is convenient,efficient,stable and cultured cells remain naive biological characteristics.

Purpose To explore the application value of contrast agent in non-vascular channel. Material and Methods Totally 68 patients with drainage tube/stoma were collected in the pattern of real-time contrast enhanced ultrasound. Position, scope and moving of contrast agent in non-vascular channel were observed. Results It was accurately revealed enhanced areas in 68 cases of drainage tube and stoma, including 9 abnormal cases. CEUS implied 3 cases of failed drainage ifrstly, 5 cases of bleeding and 1 case gallbladder stone. It judged the degree and location in 25 PTBD cases and 22 PCN cases. The distance with renal hilum of one parapelvic cyst was measured accurately. Conclusion It is very important in diagnosis and treatment of interventional ultrasound to CEUS, therefore is worthy of wide application.

BACKGROUND:Transoral ventral release and posterior fusion have predominated in the treatment of irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation, but there is no consistent conclusion on the clinical efficacy.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical outcomes of transoral ventral release and posterior fusion and screw/rod implantation in the treatment of irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation.
METHODS:A total of 32 patients with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation undergoing thetransoral ventral release and posterior fusion were selected. After treatment, they received cervical anteroposterior and lateral digital DR and cervical MRI examinations to understand the conditions of nerve compression and bone fusion. The recovery of nerve function was evaluated using Japanese Orthopaedic Association before treatment, 6 months after treatment and during final fol ow-up.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Post-treatment, 29 patients were fol owed-up for an average period of 12 months. (1) Al the patients obtained perfect atlantoaxial joint reduction and bone fusion. This achieved reduction and reconstruction of spinal column stability. (2) Spinal compression was obviously lessened after treatment in al patients, and nerve functions were improved to different degrees. Significant differences in Japanese Orthopaedic Association score were detected between 6 months post-treatment, final fol ow-up and pre-treatment (P<0.05). (3) There were no serious intraoperative complications such as spinal cord or vertebral artery injuries. Postoperative complications such as infection or burst were also not found. (4) Imaging evaluation revealed that transoral ventral release and posterior fusion is safe and effective for treatment of irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation.

OBJECTIVE:To provide a reference for rational clinical application of Reduning injection. METHODS:The rele-vant information about the patients who sought treatment in our hospital in 2014 and used reduning injection were collected to make statistical analysis to the age,dosage,course of treatment,frequencies,etc. RESULTS:Among the above-mentioned patients,the number of males was more than that of females,children under 10 years old accounted for 36.10%,47.54%of patients received re-duning injection for a treatment course of over five days,and 14.99% of patients failed to wash the infusion tube before injection. CONCLUSIONS:Irrational clinical application of reduning injection exists. The administration and dosage should be standardized and the dosage for children under three years old as specified in the label be detailed to reduce and avoid the occurrence of adverse drug reaction so as to ensure the safety of drug use by patients.

OBJECTIVETo establish the HPLC fingerprint of the pieces of honey-fried Radix Glycyrrhizae.

METHODUsing the reverse-performance liquid chromatography, method was performed on a Hyperclone ODS C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) and acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid was selected as mobile phase gradient elution were adopted.

RESULTEstablished HPLC fingerprint of Radix et Rhizoma glycyrrhizae pieces were established, and the results of methodological study met the technical requirements for fingerprinting.

CONCLUSIONThe HPLC method is stable, accurate, and reliable to provide a scientific basis of quality control standard for the honey-fried Radix et Rhizoma glycyrrhizae.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Food Handling ; standards ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; classification ; Honey ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Quality Control

Processing technology of Chinese herbal medicine is the unique pharmaceutical technology in China.Chinese herbal pieces production enterprises are the main carrier of processing technology.Reasonable and normative master and use of the processing technology by production enterprises can directly affect the quality of Chinese herbal pieces and the clinical efficacy.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out investigation on the processing technology of Chinese herbal pieces production enterprises.In order to better inherit and develop processing technology,to promote the development of Chinese herbal pieces production enterprises and to ensure the quality of pieces,the general situation and existing problems of Chinese herbal pieces production enterprises were identified,concluded,summarized.Relevant countermeasures were put forward by carrying out investigation in Chinese herbal pieces production enterprises.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on postoperative inflammatory response and clinical efficacy in gastric cancer patients with nutritional risk.

METHODSAll patients with gastric cancer in our department from June 2013 to January 2014 undergoing radical gastrectomy were prospectively enrolled in the study. Patients who matched the selection criteria were randomly divided into two groups: trial group (with omega-3 PUFA in parenteral nutrition) and control group (without omega-3 PUFA in parenteral nutrition). Levels of inflammatory factors (serum CRP, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10) and nutrition-related proteins (prealbumin, retinol conjugated protein and transferrin) were compared between the two groups before operation and 2, 4 and 6 days after operation. Incidence of postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and other indicators associated with efficacy were compared between the two groups as well.

RESULTSForty-seven patients were finally included in this study with 21 patients in the trial group and other 26 in the control group. There were no significant differences of inflammatory factors and nutrition-related proteins between the two groups before operation (all P>0.05). In the 6th days after operation, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including CRP, IL-1 and IL-6 were significantly lower in the trial group as compared to the control group, while the level of IL-10 (inhibiting inflammatory cytokine) was higher in the trial group, as well as levels of nutrition proteins(all P<0.05). The trial group had significantly lower rate of SIRS than the control group [57.1%(12/21) vs. 84.6% (22/26), P=0.036]. Compared with the control group, patients in the trial group had shorter bowel sound recovery time [(12.3±1.1) d vs. (3.1±1.3) d, P=0.025], earlier passage of flatus [(3.1±1.0) d vs. (3.9±1.2) d, P=0.025] and shorter hospital stay [(9.4±2.1) d vs. (10.9±2.5) d, P=0.038], but there was no difference in postoperative complication rate between the two groups (P=0.678).

CONCLUSIONSOmega-3 PUFA can reduce the release of inflammatory promoters, promote the release of inhibiting inflammatory cytokine IL-10, decrease the incidence of SIRS, improve patients' nutritional state, expedite the recovery of gastrointestinal function and shorten patients' recovery time.

Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Nutritional Status ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome