Objective To evaluate the relationship between GATA-3 and T-bet and inhibition of the differentiation of human T helper cells by morphine.Methods Ten healthy volunteers,aged 20-50 yr,weighing 50-70 kg,were enrolled in the study.Peripheral venous blood samples were taken in the early morning.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and assigned into 5 groups (n=10 each).PBMCs were incubated routinely (group C).PBMCs were incubated in the presence of PMA and ionomycin (group P),morphine 50 μg/ml (group M),morphine 50 μg/ml + naloxone 50 μg/ml (group MN) or naloxone 50μg/ml (group N),and were then stimulated with PMA and ionomycin for another 4 h.The percentage of Th1 and Th2 cells was detected by flow cytometry.The Th1/Th2 ratio was calculated.Interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 concentrations in the supematant were determined using ELISA.The activities of GATA-3 and T-bet were analyzed by EMSA.Results Compared with group P,the percentage of Th1 and Th2 cells,Th1/Th2 ratio,IFN-γand IL-4 concentrations in the supernatant,and GATA-3 and T-bet activities were significantly decreased in group M,the percentage of Th1 cells,Th1/Th2 ratio,and IFN-γ concentration in the supernatant were significantly decreased in group MN (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Compared with group M,the percentage of Th1 and Th2 cells,Th1/Th2 ratio,IFN-γ and IL-4 concentrations in the supernatant,and GATA-3 and T-bet activities were significantly increased in group MN (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).There was no significant difference in the indexes mentioned above between groups N and C (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Morphine inhibits the differentiation of human T helper cells by activating opioid receptors,which may be related to the inhibition of GATA-3 and T-bet activities.

Objective: To observe the protective effect of Silybin Capsules (SC) on mice hepatic toxic injury induced by isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) and rifampin (RFP) when used in combination Methods: The serum level of ALT, liver index, contents of glutathion (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of microsomal cytochrome P450 and its isoform P4502E1 in liver were measured. Results: SC obviously inhibited the rising of liver index, serum ALT, liver MDA and the activity of microsomal cytochrom P450 and its isoform P4502E1, and increased the liver GSH. Histopathological examination showed that Silibinin Capsules evidently alleviated the condition of the degeneration of hepatic cells and that of necrosis. Conclusion: The protective effect of SC on mice hepatic injury induced by both IIVit and RFP may be related to stabilizing the liver membrane, inhibiting the the lipid peroxidation, scavenging the free radical and decreasing the activity drug metabolizing enzyme.

Objective To assess the relationship of methylation status of CpG islands in the promoter region of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) gene with the expression of IGFBP7 gene in human melanoma cell lines and primary melanocytes.Methods Primary melanocytes from human forcskin tissue as well as 4 human melanoma cell lines,including A375,M14,SK-MEL-1 and MV3,were used in this study.Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) was applied to detect the methylation status of 54 CpG sites in the 5'-flanking promoter region of IGFBP7 gene in all of the melanoma cell lines and primary melanocytes.Results As hierarchical cluster analysis showed,IGFBP7-positive cells (including A375,M14 and SK-MEL-1 ) differed significantly from IGFBP7-negative cells (including MV3 cells and primary melanocytes) in the methylation pattern of IGFBP7 gene promoter region.Conclusion The methylation status of CpG island in the promoter region of IGFBP7 gene may be associated with its expression in melanoma cell lines.

Objective:This study aimed to analyze the correlation of the expression of CXCR4, CD44, and CD133 proteins with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients to identify the factors affecting the post-operation survival rate of tongue squamous cell carcinomas (TSCCs). Methods:Clinical data of 44 patients with TSCCs were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The diagno-ses of all cases were pathologically confirmed. CXCR4, CD44, and CD133 expression in 44 TSCCs patients with different pathological grades was examined immunohistochemically. Survival curves were processed in accordance with the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox regression model was used for the multivariate analysis of relevant clinical and survival data. Results:Among the 44 examined TSCCs patients, 29 cases were well differentiated and 15 were moderately or poor differentiated;11 cases were stageⅠ, 12 were stageⅡ, 8 were stageⅢ, and 13 were stageⅣ. Positive staining of CXCR4, CD44, and CD133 was found in all cases with different degrees. Ac-cording to the pathological tumor grade, the positive rates of CXCR4, CD44, and CD133 expression were 79.54% (35/44 cases),77.27%(34/44 cases), and 75.00%(33/44 cases), respectively. Expression of CXCR4, CD44, and CD133 significantly differed between different histological grades (P<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that the expression of CXCR4, CD44, and CD133 was positively correlated with the metastasis, recurrence of TSCCs. COX multivariate analysis indicated that CXCR4 expression, clinical stage, and neck metastasis were independent prognostic predictors of TSCCs patients and risk factors of death. Conclusion:CXCR4, CD44, and CD133 may be correlated with the malignancy of TSCCs. CXCR4 expression, clinical stage, cervical lymph node metastasis were the correlated prognosis factors of TSCC patients after operation.

Objective:To observe the urinary iodine content (UIC), breast milk iodine content (BMIC) and milk iodine excretion of lactating rats under different iodine nutrition levels, and to explore the iodine metabolism of the lactating rats under different iodine nutrition levels.Methods:Forty female Wistar rats with body weight ranging from 70 to 120 g were divided into low iodine (LI) group, normal iodine (NI) group, hight iodineⅠ (HIⅠ) group and hight iodine Ⅱ (HIⅡ) group according to body weight by random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. The rats were fed low-iodine diet, and the iodine ion concentration of drinking water in each group was 0, 325, 18 700 and 37 450 μg/L. Twenty male rats were fed according to the feed method of NI group. After 8 weeks of intervention, the male and female rats were caged and mated in a ratio of 1 ∶ 2. Milk and 24 h urine were collected on the 7th, 14th and 21st days of lactation (L7, L14 and L21), and the amount of food and drinking water consumed were recorded. The 24 h milk excretion was calculated by acute lactation test. UIC and BMIC were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Results:The 24 h total iodine intake of lactating rats in LI, NI, HIⅠ and HIⅡ groups were (1.84 ± 0.51), (30.51 ± 6.79), (765.95 ± 317.41) and (1 654.26 ± 560.55) μg/d, respectively. The difference between groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). At L7, L14 and L21, there were statistically significant differences in UIC, BMIC and milk iodine excretion at the same lactation stages among different groups ( P < 0.001). In HIⅡ group, the difference of BMIC and milk iodine excretion at different lactation stages (L7, L14, and L21) were significantly signrficant ( P < 0.05). The 24 h milk iodine excretion of LI, NI, HIⅠ and HIⅡ groups was (1.23 ± 0.85), (11.88 ± 5.23), (207.09 ± 114.51), (493.67 ± 242.47) μg, respectively. The proportion of 24 h milk iodine excretion to 24 h total iodine intake was 66.85%, 38.94%, 27.04% and 29.84%, respectively. Conclusions:About 39% of dietary iodine is supplied to offspring through milk when iodine nutrition is normal. The iodine excretion ratio of milk is increased or decreased with low and high iodine levels. These results indicate that lactating rats with different iodine nutrition levels can regulate the ratio of iodine excretion in milk through their own compensatory effect to reduce the influence of iodine deficiency and iodine excess on their offspring.