Objective To explore the relationship between anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal junction(APBDJ) and gallbladder carcinoma. Methods The current related literatures were reviewed.Results APBDJ was associated with gallbladder carcinoma development. A proposed mechanism was free reflux of pancreatic juice into the gallbladder and molecular alterations of gallbladder epithelial cells.Conclusion APBDJ is a high risk factor for gallbladder carcinoma. Prophylactic cholecystectomy is recommended for patients with APBDJ.

Objective To review the recent studies regarding etiology and management of diarrhea after liver transplantation. Methods The current related literatures about the etiology and management of diarrhea after liver transplantation were reviewed. Results There were approximately 10.00% to 35.44% recipients developed diarrhea after liver transplantation. Other symptoms such as severe body fluid and electrolyte loss, discomfort, and increase blood level of immunosuppressive drug can be caused by diarrhea as well. Clostridium difficile, cytomegalovirus, rotavirus infection and immunosuppressant were main etiological factors. It is important to find out the inducement of diarrhea and work out the corresponding management and other supportive care on the basis of the etiology. Conclusion Diarrhea is a common complication of liver transplantation whose etiology is complex. Appropriate approaches may be helpful to decrease the risk of this complication.

Objective:To evaluate the expression of EGFR and gene nm23H1 and their relation to the tumor oncogenesis and progress of cholangiocarcinoma.Methods:SABC immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of EGFR and nm23H1 in cholangiocarcinoma and cholangitis tissue.Results:The positive rate of nm23H1 in cholangiocarcinoma was lower than cholangitis(P

Objective To investigate the protevtive effect and mechanism of early using selective digestive decontamination (SDD) on severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) in rats.Methods Sixty rats were randomly assigned into SAP group and SAP+SDD group after SAP model was set up.Rats in the SAP+SDD group underwent SDD immediately after the model was established and last for 3 days. The peripheral and portal vein serum endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor -a (TNF-a) and interleukin -1 (IL-1) at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours and the mortality, average living time and the degree of pancreatic necrosis were observed and compared in the 2 groups. Results The levels of peripheral and portal vein serum endotoxin, TNF-? , IL-1,and the mortalities in SAP+SDD group were significantly lower than those in SAP group(all P

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare and low-grade malignant tumor of vascular origin.Clinical symptoms and laboratory findings are unspecific.The definitive diagnosis can only be made by histopathalogi-cal investigation The primary treatments of choice are radical hepatic resection or liver transplantation. The role of differ-ent adjuvant therapies for patients with hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma remains to be determined.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR) belongs to the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptor.Three PPAR subtypes have been identified to date(PPAR?,PPAR? and PPAR?)and the relationship between PPAR? and tumor has drawn great attention.Current data showed that PPAR? agonists exert their antineoplastic effect through inhibiting cell growth and angiogenesis,inducing cell apoptosis and differentiation,and reducing tumor invasive ability.PPAR? agonists may be a promising tool for cancer chemotherapy.

Objective: To explore the expression and significance of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in gastric carcinoma.Methods: S-P immunohistochemical method was used to examine the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in 47 specimens of gastric carcinoma.Results: MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were expressed predominantaly in the peritumor stromal cells than tumor cells themselves.The expression level of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 correlated with lymph node metastasis (P0 05).Conclusion: The results suggests that MMP-9 and TIMP-1 might be important biological makers for determining the malignant behave of gastric carcinoma.

Objective To compare the vibrating perception threshold (VPT) between normal subjects and subjects with cervical spondylosis of nerve root type, and to observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint injection at Quyuan (SI13) in releasing pain in cervical spondylosis of nerve root type.Method Sixty-three patients with cervical spondylosis of nerve root type were recruited and randomized into a treatment group of 35 cases and a control group of 28 cases. The treatment group received acupoint injection at Quyuan, and the control group received acupoint injection at Jiaji (EX-B2) points. The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) was adopted. From the questionnaire, the Pain Rating Index (PRI), sensory (S), affective (A), and total (T) pain rating indexes, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Present Pain Index (PPI) were used to comprehensively evaluate the pain improvement and to quantify the therapeutic efficacy, and the VPT was also considered. The Clinical Assessment Scale for Cervical Spondylosis (CASCS) by West China Rehabilitation Center was also used to analyze the result in the treatment group.Result After the intervention, the MPQ and VAS scores in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the VPT was improved after the treatment.Conclusion Acupoint injection at Quyuan can produce a more significant efficacy than at Jiaji (EX-B2) in treating cervical spondylosis of nerve root type.

Objective To investigate the potential factors which have impact on the working space for surgeons in gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to probe into the specifications of gasless surgeries.Methods Clinical data of 49 cases of gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy between March 2007 and July 2010 were summarized.The impacts of body mass index,bowel preparation and means of anesthesia on operation time and conversion to laparotomy were analyzed.Results For patients with body mass index ≤25and ＞ 25,operation times were (43.0 ± 5.4) min,and (52.8 ± 7.4 ) min,respectively,and rates of conversion to laparotomy were 0/34 and 4/15,respectively.Both indices in the first group were higher.For patients with and without bowel preparation,operation times were (44.5 ± 5.4) min and (46.1 ± 8.0)min,respectively,and rates of conversion to laparotomy were 2/26 and 2/23,respectively.For patients with epidural anesthesia and lumbar/epidural anesthesia,operation times were (46.5 ± 7.9) min and (44.1 ±6.8) min,respectively,and rates of conversion to laparotomy were 2/24 and 2/25,respectively.Conclusions The operation time of gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy could be affected by many factors,such as body mass index.Gasless operations can be improved by evaluating the conditions of patients correctly and by selecting suitable operation methods,anesthesia means and bowel preparation.

Objective To elucidate the airway inflammation status in mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and whether the inflammation could be alleviated by small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting specific RSV gene. MethodsBALB/c mice were infected with RSV via intranasal instillation of RSV suspension, and were then treated with specific siRNA targeting RSV-M2 gene. ELISA assay was used to detect the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-10 and Microscope was used to count white blood cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF). ResultsAfter RSV infection, a significant increase in leukocytes count was observed in BALF. Differential count showed a rise in the percentage of neutrophils, eosinophil, especially lymphocytes and a reduction of the percentage of monocytes and macrophages( P＜0.05 ).The levels of IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-10 were also increased(P＜0.05). Furthermore, the leukocytes count,the percentage of lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophil, and the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-10in BALF were decreased accordingly while the mice were given higher concentrations of siRNA ( P＜0.05 ).Conclusion RSV caused airway inflammation in BALB/c mice, which may be alleviated by RNAi technology.