Some conclusions drawn from explanatory randomized controlled trial (ERCT) lack practical value in application under real-world clinical settings, and there are also some limitations on the generalization of pragmatic randomized controlled trial (PRCT) results. In some countries, real-world studies (RWSs) have been conducted to explore the effectiveness and safety of clinical interventions or postmarketing drugs, which is a new tendency in clinical researches. By reviewing some RWSs carried out in Western countries, we sum up the basic characteristics of the research design, and discuss the differences and connections between PRCT and RWS. The design ideas of RWS are different from PRCT. Researchers in RWS tend to perform long-term evaluation based on large quantities of subjects and quite large sample and focus on outcome measures which are clinically meaningful. Strict control on data collection, management and analysis are very important to RWS and PRCT. Owing to the complexity of clinical interventions and evaluation, PRCT is not completely suitable for clinical researches in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is an inevitable tendency to apply RWS in clinical trials of TCM. We can explore the efficacy of TCM interventions through PRCT, and better understand the effectiveness through RWS. RWS will become a powerful approach to TCM clinical trials and postmarketing evaluation of Chinese medicines.

Objective To establish a real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR for detecting SARS-Coronavirus (CoV) mRNA in gargling liquid and serum of SARS patients.Methods The assay is based on simplified nested fluorescent RT-PCR. Total RNA was extracted from gargling liquid and serum by using high performance system and reverse-transcription by antisense primer.The specific TaqMan probe was designed according to the published DNA sequence of SARS-CoV polymerase and labeled with FAM and TAMRA. Standard curves for SARS-CoV quantification were prepared with serial dilutions of the recombinant plasmid.Results The method is highly sensitive and specific. The sensitivity of assay was 1?105 copies/L. The positive rate of SARS-CoV mRNA in the gargling liquid of patients was 65.0% (26/40) and 11.5% (6/52) in suspected patients, respectively. SARS-CoV mRNA was not detectable in the gargling liquid from 40 healthy individuals. The positive rate of SARS-CoV mRNA in the serum of SARS patients was 25.6% (10/39). PCR amplification products of 6 suspected patients with SARS-CoV mRNA were confirmed by sequencing and the sequence data were consistent with that of BJ01 AY278488.Conclusions Real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR should be a rapid, specific tool for early diagnosis of SARS-CoV infection.

Objective: To probe into TCM pattern of primary hyperlipemia and its relationship with gender, age, BMI, laboratory indices such as TC,TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, ApoAI, ApoB of the 120 patients with primary hyperlipemia. Methods: Logistic regression analysis wan used to analyze the associativity of TCM syndrome and objective indexes of primary hyperlipemia. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that TCM syndromes of primary hyperlipemia had some relation with laboratory indices. Conclusion: TCM syndromes of primary hyperlipemia had some relation with laboratory indices. The lipemia laboratory indices can be one of the objective basis of TCM diagnosis. The main syndromes were stagnation of phlegm-turbid and syndrome of yang deficiency of both of spleen and kidney, the main pathogenesis were deficiency of spleen and kidney, intermingled phlegm and blood stasis. The main treatment methods were invigorating spleen and tonifying kidney, supplementing qi and nourishing heart, promoting blood flow and dissipating phlegm.

Objective: To explore the expression and significance of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in gastric carcinoma.Methods: S-P immunohistochemical method was used to examine the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in 47 specimens of gastric carcinoma.Results: MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were expressed predominantaly in the peritumor stromal cells than tumor cells themselves.The expression level of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 correlated with lymph node metastasis (P0 05).Conclusion: The results suggests that MMP-9 and TIMP-1 might be important biological makers for determining the malignant behave of gastric carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of extrahepatie recurrences after curative resection of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Clinicopathologic data of 238 curative resected cases of primary HCC were retrospectively reviewed for parameters affecting postoperative extrahepatic recurrences. Results During a median follow-up of 34 months (7 - 78 months), extrahepatic recurrences were observed in 32 out of 238 patients (13.4%). According to univariate analysis, the risk factors for extrahepatic recurrences were preoperative serum a-fetoprotein (AFP) level of > 1000 ng/ml,aspartate aminotransferase level of > 50 IU/L, presence of hepatic vein invasion, neighboring organ invasion, tumor satellites, and lack of tumor capsule formation. Preoperative serum AFP levels of > 1000 ng/ml, hepatic vein invasion, neighboring organ invasion proved to be independent risk factors by multivariate analysis. Conclusions Extrahepatic recurrences after curative resection of HCC was found to be related to preoperative serum AFP level of > 1000 ng/ml, hepatic vein invasion, and neighboring organ invasion.

ObjectiveTo observe the changes of the levels of serum TNF-α and IL-6 in patients with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy(HDIP),to explore the significance of serum TNF-α and IL-6 in HDIP.MethodsThe levels of serum TNF-α and IL-6 in 30 patients with HDIP( 11 cases with gestational hypertension,11 casses with mild preeclampsia,8 cases with severe preeclampsia) and 18 healthy pregnant women were detected.ResultsThe levels of serum TNF-α in HDIP were( 1.88 ±0.48) μg/L,(2.32 ±0.40) μg/L and(2.35 ± 0.42) μg/L,The levels of serum IL-6 of HDIP were (99.54 ± 31.62) ng/L,( 120.53 ± 26.42)ng/L,( 140.83 ± 22.13 ) ng/L respectively,the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in healthy pregnant women were( 1.63 ± 0.32)μg/L and(95.82 ± 30.65 )ng/L,there was significant difference among them ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in HDIP were higer than those in healthy pregnant women,and vascular endothelium cell injury should play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of HDIP.

A patient was treatead by transplanting 48 to 46, 2. 5 years later, residual roots of 45 was extruded out of 4 mm, then 46, 45 was given full crown restoration. The patient was followed up for 3. 5 years, the oral function was restored.

Objective To evaluate the precision and accuracy of blood glucose meter(BGM ) for community home use testing . Methods According to the In Vitro Diagnostic Test Systems‐Requirements for Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems for Self‐Testing in Managing Diabetes Mellitus in DIN EN ISO15197 :2013 .Capillary blood and venous blood were tested by BGM and the laborato‐ry biochemical analyzer respectively .The measurement results of each BGM were compared with the results of the biochemical ana‐lyzer for conducting the bias analysis .Results In evaluated 20 BGM ,none of them met the requirements of ISO15197 :2013(when blood glucose concentrations < 5 .5 mmol/L ,the bias in 95% of detection results is within the range of ± 0 .83 mmol/L ;when blood glucose concentrations ≥ 5 .5 mmol/L ,the bias in 95% of detection results is within the range of ± 15% .Only 11 imported BGM (55% ) met the state standard .Conclusion The bias of 20 BGM ranged - 28 .7% - 3 .8% ,with the average bias of - 12 .2% . These detection results will bring the large risk of therapy in the diabetic patients .The regular and standardized evaluation of BGM performance may ensure the quality of blood glucose self - monitoring .

Background and purpose:Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor, plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell migration. The purpose of this study was to de-termine the correlation between NRP1 expression and sensitivity to ifrst-line platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and between NRP1 expression and survival.Methods:NRP1 ex-pression in tumor tissues of 104 advanced NSCLC patients treated with ifrst-line platinum-based regimen was detected by immunohistochemisty.A chi-square test and logistic regression model were used to analyze the relationship between NRP1 expression and the chemotherapy response rate. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the effect of NRP1 expression on patient survival.Results:Among the 104 patients, 56 (53.8%) had high expression of NRP1. High expression of NRP1 was not related to age, gender, histological type, degree of differentiation, performance status, and chemotherapy regimen. The chemotherapy response rate was significantly higher in patients with low NRP1 expression than in patients with high expression (43.8% vs23.2%,P=0.026). The low NRP1 expression was signiifcantly associated with longer progression-free survival (4.6 monthsvs3.0 months, P=0.001 for log-rank test,χ2=11.273) and overall survival (11.5 monthsvs9.2 months,P=0.000 for log-rank test,χ2=14.392) as compared with high NRP1 expression. Multivariate analysis showed that high expression of NRP1 was an independent predictor for the chemotherapy response rate and overall survival in patients with advanced NSCLC.Conclusion:NRP1 expression is associated with response rate and survival in advanced NSCLC patients treated with ifrst-line plati-num-based chemotherapy. NRP1 expression may be a potential biomarker for predicting chemosensitivity and prognosis in patients with advanced NSCLC.

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of methylamphetamine (MA) on heart toxicity. METHODS The effects of MA on delayed rectifier potassium current (IK) and action potential (AP) were analyzed in isolated decreased AP from 121.6 to 106.0 mV and delayed the action potential duration (APD), but had no effect on the resting potential. The 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% of APD (APD10, APD25, APD50, APD75 and APD90)inhibited the membrane potential of rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr) and slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium current (IKs), downward shifted the Ⅰ -Ⅴ curve, but had no effect on the curve shape and could be partly recovered after flushing. The tail current IKr was blocked concentration-dependently after simiarly inhibited by MA. CONCLUSION MA has inhibitory effects on Ik and AP in ventricular myocytes,which may be one of the possible electrophysiological mechanisms of the cardiac damage caused by MA.