Objective To evaluate the status of self-efficacy and its influencing factors in adult patients with low vision,then explore an effective approach to improve their self-efficacy levels.Methods Seventy adult patients with low vision were sampled by random number table method.General social-demographic questionnaire and self-efficacy questionnaire were used to investigate these patients' general information and self-efficacy.Seventy pieces of questionnaires were issued and returned with the valid rate of 100％.Results The total score of self-efficacy in seventy adult patients with low vision was(16.25:±:1.93) points,92％ of patients had a low level of self-efficacy.The influencing factors of self-efficacy in adult patients with low vision were the attitude toward disease,mental status and gender.Conclusions The selfefficacy in patients with low vision was affected by many factors at different levels,so we should focus on main influencing factors to adopt corresponding nursing measures in order to improve self-efficacy of adult patients with low vision.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics of ferulic acid (FA) in plasma of the healthy female volunteers after oral administration of Shenghua decoction.Methods Using p-hydroxybenzaldehyde as the internal standard, the plasma concentration of FA was determined by RP-HPLC. Plasma samples were extracted and treated with boiling water and 3P97 programme was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of FA were as follows: T1/2?=18.72 min ,T1/2?=79.21 min,T1/2 Ka=11.19 min,AUC=18004.87 ?g?min?L-1,CL=0.17L?min-1?kg-1,Cmax=206.30 ?g?L-1, Tpeak=22.78 min.Conclusion After oral administration of Shenghua decoction, FA could be absorbed and eliminated rapidly and pharmacokinetics of FA conforms to a two-compartment open model.

BACKGROUND: The nano-hydroxyapatite/bacterial cellulose (nHAP/BC) nanocomposites has a good prospect of application in bone tissue engineering, and the bone tissue engineered materials and its degradation products Should have excellent compatibility. This study further assessed DAN synthesis cycle using flow cytometry on the basis of evaluating cell compatibility by metabolic 3-(4, 5-dim ethylthiazo 1-2-y 1) -2, 5-Dipheny 1-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cytocompatibility of a new-pattern nHAP/BC nanocomposites and its residues. METHODS: Effects of nHAP/BC nanocomposites and its residues on morphclogicel changes in osteoblasts were observed using in vitro cell culture method. Effects of nHAP/BC nanocomposites and its residues on osteoblast growth and prclifera'don were evaluated by MTT assay. Cell cycle phase changes were detected using flow cytometry to evaluate matsdal effects on cell proliferation on molecular levels. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The nHAP/BC nanocomposites and its residues had neither remarkable effects on cell morphology, nor significant inhibition on osteoblast growth and proliferation. Test of MTT cytotoxicity showed that the average cell proliferation rate was over 80% after treated with the material and its residues, with the cytotoxity grade of 1 (non-toxic). Flow cytometry indicated that the rate of G_0/G_1 was reduced, and the rates of S, G2/M were increased, and the synthesis of DNA was increased, the cellular growth and repair in osteoblasts was accelerated. These indicated that nHAP/BC nanocomposites have good cytocompatibility, and it will be safe and prospected scaffolds in bone tissue engineering.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational application of Levofloxacin hydrochloride injection in the clinic. METHODS:With reference to the package insert of Levofloxacin hydrochloride injection,the guiding principles of clinical use of antibiotics,by reviewing related literatures,based on the weighted TOPSIS methods,detailed rules for drug utilization review (DUR) of Levofloxacin hydrochloride injection were made. And then 100 archived medical records of Levofloxacin hydrochloride injection in the first half of 2014 were evaluated in respect of medication rationality based on these rules. RESULTS:Among 100 cases,relative proximity of 51 cases was more than 70%(51.0%);that of 37 was between 50%-70%(37.0%);that of 12 cases was between 30%-50%(12.0%). CONCLUSIONS:Established DUR method of Levofloxacin hydrochloride injection on the basis of weighted TOPSIS methods can be used to evaluate the rationality of drug use and promote more rational evaluation behavior. And the results indicate that unreasonable use of Levofloxacin hydrochloride injection is still common in the hospital.

Shiga toxin (Stx), which can be divided into Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) and Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2), is an important virulence factor of Shigella spp. and certain strains of Escherichia coli. Stx, enco-ded by λ-like phage, blocks protein synthesis through removal of an adenine residue from the 28S rRNA. Stx can also induce apoptosis through multiple pathways. Humans may suffer from diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis ( HC) and hemolytic uremic syndrome ( HUS) and even death when infected with Shiga toxin-producing bac-teria. At present, there is no specific treatment for diseases caused by Stx. In recent years, the application of Stx in cancer therapy and imaging has aroused great interest. This review provided a brief overview of Stx in its nomenclature, typing, structure, genetics, pathogenesis and application perspectives.

Objective To analyze the characteristic of Yunnan unexpected sudden death (YUSD) cases by pathological diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC),in order to offer clue for ARVC etiologic research of YUSD.Methods The pathological diagnosis results of 9 cases of sudden death of ARVC in Yunnan,as well as epidemiological investigation data,were used to comprehensively analyze the pathological features of the pathological diagnosis of ARVC in Yunnan.Results The 9 cases including 8 females and 1 male,aged 16-47 years.The sudden death time was from June to August,mainly distributed in 8 families from the disease seriously ridden 7 villages.Three of them had a genetic history of family YUSD,2 cases had a history of mental stimulation,1 case had eaten Trogia venenata;and acute symptoms and signs were palpitation,chest tightness,shortness of breath,and loss of consciousness.Pathological observations were the typical ARVC change,mainly right ventricular lesions,with different degrees of cardiac enlargement and extensive adipose tissue infiltration in the ventricular wall.Among them,6 cases of fat infiltration almost reached the full thickness of the heart wall.In addition to the pathological changes of ARVC,8 cases were accompanied by one or several pathological changes in myocarditis,cardiac dysplasia,nephropathy,pulmonary edema,pneumonia and pancreatitis.Of the 9 cases,5 cases were diagnosed with ARVC,2 cases with ARVC and pulmonary edema,1 case with ARVC and acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis,and 1 case with ARVC and Trogia venenata poisoning.The clinical examination abnormalities of the family members of the cases mainly showed arrhythmogenic electrocardiography changes and abnormal myocardial enzymes.Conclusions The nine cases have showed typical epidemiology characteristics of YUSD,and cardiachistological changes are consistent with the ARVC pathological diagnostic criteria.A part of YUSD cases may be caused by ARVC,and the inference will be proved by cadaveric pathologic examination and related pathogenic gene detection.

Objective:To understand the electrocardiogram and echocardiography examination results of population in key areas of unexplained sudden death in Yunnan Province (referred to as Yunnan sudden death).Methods:From 2014 to 2022, electrocardiogram examination was performed on population (including same incident cases, relatives of the cases, villagers of the affected villages, and control individuals) in key areas of Yunnan sudden death from May to October each year. Echocardiography examination was performed on relatives of the cases and villagers of the affected villages, and the types of electrocardiogram and echocardiography changes were sorted out and analyzed.Results:Electrocardiogram examination was conducted on 1 same incident case, 241 relatives of the cases, 464 villagers of the affected villages, and 99 control individuals, respectively. The types of electrocardiogram changes in the same incident case were Q-T interval prolongation and sinus tachycardia. A total of 17 types of electrocardiogram changes were detected in the relatives of the cases, mainly including sinus arrhythmia (12.45%, 30/241), sinus bradycardia (11.20%, 27/241), and left axis deviation (8.30%, 20/241). A total of 21 types of electrocardiogram changes were detected in the villagers of the affected villages, mainly including left axis deviation (9.48%, 44/464), sinus bradycardia (8.19%, 38/464), and T-wave abnormalities (7.76%, 36/464). A total of 10 types of electrocardiogram changes were detected in the control individuals, mainly including sinus arrhythmia (12.12%, 12/99), T-wave abnormalities (9.09%, 9/99), and sinus bradycardia (7.07%, 7/99). Echocardiography examination was conducted on 49 relatives of the cases and 365 villagers of the affected villages, respectively. A total of 12 types of echocardiography changes were detected in the relatives of the cases, mainly including tricuspid regurgitation (18.37%, 9/49), decreased right ventricular diastolic function (8.16%, 4/49), aortic regurgitation (6.12%, 3/49), and atrial septal defect (6.12%, 3/49). A total of 15 types of echocardiography changes were detected in the villagers of the affected villages, mainly including tricuspid regurgitation (8.77%, 32/365), aortic regurgitation (6.85%, 25/365), and decreased left ventricular diastolic function (6.58%, 24/365).Conclusion:There are many types of changes in electrocardiogram and echocardiography in the population of key areas of Yunnan sudden death.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1(DM1)is a multisystem trinucleotide repeat expansion disorder usually referred to the department of neurology with complaints of progressive muscle weakness and myotonia.This article reported a 33-year-old female patient with DM1 presenting with acute respiratory failure.Muscle bi-opsy in vastus lateralis showed significantly increased internal nuclei.Genetic test show CTG repeat expansions with the size of(847±76)in dystrophia myotonica protein kinase(DMPK)gene on chromosome 19.This case report broadens the clinician's understanding of the atypical clinical manifestations of DM1,so as to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

Objective:To investigate the mutation of desmosomal protein gene of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in people from Yunnan unexplained sudden death (YUSD) area in Xiangyun County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and to explore the etiological relationship between the mutation of ARVC desmosomal protein gene and YUSD.Methods:The autopsy cardiac blood sample of YUSD case ( n = 1) and the peripheral venous blood samples of the same time case ( n = 1) and relatives of YUSD case ( n = 16) were collected in Xiangyun County. Blood DNA was extracted for PCR amplification and sequencing of a total of 97 exons of the ARVC desmosomal protein genes [plakophilin 2 (PKP2), junction plakoglobin (JUP), desmoplakin (DSP), desmoglein 2 (DSG2) and desmocollin 2 (DSC2)] were conducted by Sanger method. At the same time, basic information and genetic family of YUSD case, the same time case and relatives of YUSD case were investigated, and gene mutations were comprehensively analyzed. Results:The YUSD case and the same time case carried JUP, DSP and DSG2 gene mutations. Among the relatives of YUSD case, 2, 14, 16, 15 and 4 cases had mutations in PKP2, JUP, DSP, DSG2 and DSC2 genes, respectively. The YUSD case, the same time case and the relatives of YUSD case carried 6 identical mutation sites: JUP gene exon 3 c.213 T>C synonymous mutation, exon 14 c.2089 A>T missense mutation; DSP gene exon 19 c.2631 G>A synonymous mutation, exon 24 c.8472 G>C synonymous mutation; DSG2 gene exon 8 c.861 C>T synonymous mutation, and exon 15 c.3321 T>C synonymous mutation.Conclusion:In Xiangyun County, six identical mutation sites (JUP gene c.213 T>C and c.2089 A>T, DSP gene c.2631 G>A and c.8472 G>C, DSG2 gene c.861 C>T and c.3321 T>C) carried by YUSD case, the same time case and the relatives of YUSD case may be related to the incidence of some YUSD cases.

Objective:To expound the pathogenesis relationship between Yunnan unexplained sudden death (YUSD) and desmosomal protein gene mutations of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC).Methods:Four YUSD cases families by ARVC pathological diagnosis were selected, to collect heart blood samples of YUSD cases by ARVC pathological diagnosis( n=3), venous blood samples of immediate relatives with genetic relationship (case relatives, n=4) and control population without genetic relationship ( n=7). DNA was extracted for PCR amplification and sequencing of a total of 97 exons of the ARVC desmosomal protein genes plakophilin 2 (PKP2), desmoplakin (DSP), desmoglein 2 (DSG2), desmocollin 2 (DSC2), and junction plakoglobin (JUP), and the mutations of the 5 genes were analyzed in combination with the genetic family. Results:DSP gene mutations were found in all YUSD cases by ARVC pathological diagnosis and case relatives, and PKP2, DSG2, DSC2 and JUP genes mutations were found in 1 person each. The same person carried 1-3 genes mutations. DSP gene existed 4 exon mutation sites, and 1 of which was a newly discovered heterozygous synonymous mutation c.4014 C>A (p.A1338A). PKP2 gene existed 2 exon missense mutation sites in 1 YUSD case by ARVC pathological diagnosis, and 1 of which was a newly discovered heterozygous mutation c.739 G>C (p.G247R). One heterozygous missense mutation site c.799 G>A (p.A267T) of JUP gene was newly discovered, and the predictive value of protein function was 0.963, the possibility of abnormal changes in protein function was high. DSG2 and DSC2 genes each had one mutation site. However, no mutation was found in control population.Conclusions:Both YUSD cases by ARVC pathological diagnosis and case relatives carry ARVC desmosomal protein genes DSP, PKP2, DSG2, DSC2 and JUP mutations. There may be a certain pathogenesis relationship between YUSD and ARVC desmosomal protein gene mutations.