0.05);the epididymal indexes were significantly increased 6,24 and 72 hours after formalin injection(P

This paper analyzed the moral construction in the prenatal diagnosis of surgical nursing and nursing features, including:strictness and complexity , professional and comprehensive , collaborative, and independence , carry out from the patients with preoperative evaluation , operation and postoperative effect evaluation every link and detail, with the theory of nursing ethics to guide and standardize nursing , dealing with the relation between various ethic, improve patient satisfaction , based on the premise of mutual modern relationship between nurses and pa-tients.

Objective To investigate the effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone(PQQ) on the aging of rat hippocampal neurons induced by D-galactose(D-gal).Methods Hippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro.The aging of the hippocampal neurons was induced by high dose D-gal,PQQ protection were used 30 min before D-gal.The metamorphosis of hippocampal neurons was observed under the microscope.The contents of free radical was measured.The incidence of apoptosis of hippocampus cells was tested with the flow cytometry.The expression of Bax was detected with immunohistochemical staining.Results After the cells cultured in vitro exposed to D-gal,the content of free radical and the expression of Bax of the hippocampal neurons increased.After pretreatment of the cultured neurons with PQQ,the contents of free radical and the expression of Bax decreased,the survival of hippocampal neurons increased.Conclusion PQQ may slow the aging progress of hippocamal neurons induced by D-gal.

Objective To investigate whether ROS/JNK/Egr-1 signaling pathway was activated in cardiomyocytes after hypoxia/reoxygenation ( H/R).Methods H9c2 cardiomyocytes were grouped randomly as follows: control group, H/R group, control +the ROS donor xanthine oxidase /hypoxanthine (XO/HX) group, H/R +the ROS scavenger edaravones (EDA) group, H/R +the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) group, H/R +JNK inhibitor SP60012 group.To establish H9c2 H/R models and the myocardial cells were treated with different concentrations of EDA (2 × 10 -6,2 ×10 -5,2 ×10 -4 M), NAC (5 ×10 -4,2 ×10 -3,8 ×10 -3 M), XO/HX (1mU/mL/1.2 ×10 -4 M , 3mU/mL/3.6 ×10 -4 M, 5mU/mL/6.0 × 10 -4 M) and SP600125 (2 ×10 -5 M).ROS level was measured by flow cytometry, and Egr-1, p-JNK and total JNK protein levels were detected by Western blot.ResuIts ROS levels and Egr-1 protein levels in H/R group were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05).The moderate and high concentrations EDA and NAC of ROS scavenger significantly decreased the high levels of ROS and Egr-1 protein ( P<0.05 ) , but there were no significant differences of low concentration.There was a significant positive correlation between ROS levels and Egr-1 protein (r=0.91,P<0.01).JNK activation levels in each concentrations of XO/HX were significantly higher than control group, and JNK activation increased with the increasing of XO/HX concentrations (P<0.05).JNK activation level in H/R group was higher than control group, after treated by EDA and NAC of ROS scavenger and JNK inhibitor, JNA activation reduced (P<0.05).Egr-1 protein levels in H/R group was higher than that in control group, and JNK inhibitor reduced the expression of Egr-1 protein induced by H/R.ConcIusion H/R activates ROS/Egr-1 signaling pathway in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, and JNK activation plays an important role in this pathway.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, risk factors, outcome and prevention strategy of very low birth weight infant (VLBWI) with nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods The VLBWIs whose birth weight were less than 1500 g and hospital stays were more than 48 hours in NICU of Peking University Third Hospital from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2008 were selected in this study. They were divided into nosocomial infection group and non-infection group. The clinical features and outcomes of nosocomial infection were summarized and the risk factors of which were analyzed with Logistic regression. Results There were 158 VLBWIs who fit for the criteria of our study during the eleven years, the mean birth weight was (1263.8± 155.5) g and the mean gestational age was (30.4±2.1) weeks. There were 70 times and 56 cases suffered from nosocomial infections. The incidence of nosocomial infection was 35.4% and hospital stay-related incidence was 14.4‰. Among 70 times of infections, there were 40(57.1%) pneumonia, 22(31.4%) septicemia, 4(5.8%) thrush, 1(1.4%)conjunctivitis, 1 ( 1.4%) upper respiratory tract infection and 2 (2.9%) unknown site infections.Forty-one strains of bacteria were isolated from 121 specimens, among which gram-negative bacillus accounted for 56.1% and gram-positive cocci for 46.3%. The duration of hospital stay of VLBWIs with nosocomial infection was significantly longer than that without [(43.7±15.5) d vs (26.3±14.4) d] (t = -7.058, P＜0.01). The fatality rate of VLBWIs with and without nosocomial infection was 3.6% (2/56) and 3.9% (4/102), and there was no significant difference (x2 = 0.012,P＞0.05). Logistic regression showed that mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.388, 95% CI: 1.656-6.932, P=0.001) and parenteral nutrition (OR= 7.054, 95%CI: 2.005-24.813, P=0.002) were risk factors of nosocomial infection. Conclusions The incidence of nosocomial infection in VLBWIs in NICU is high. Mechanical ventilation and parenteral nutrition should be avoided and the duration of invasive operation and treatment should be shortened as much as possible to minimize the chances of nosocomial infection in VLBWIs.

Objective:To construct eukaryotic expression plasmids of pneumocystis carinii p55-v3 and p55-v0 antigenic genes and to identify their expression in COS-7 cells at mRNA level.Methods:Pneumocystis carinii total RNA was used as the template to amplify p55-v3 and p55-v0 antigenic gene by RT-PCR.The products were connected to pTA2 vector and then cloned in pVAX1 eukaryotic expression vector to construct recombinant plasmids as pVAX-p55-v3 and pVAX-p55-v0.After propagated in E.coli DH5α,the recombinant plasmids were transfected into COS-7 cells.After 24 h incubation,the RT-PCR was performed to identify the mRNA expression of p55-v3 and p55-v0 antigenic gene.Results:The recombinant plasmids were qualified by restrictive endonuclease digestion and sequencing.And when compared with that in GenBank,the homology of p55-v3 antigenic gene was 99.9% in nucleotides and 100% in amino acid.The homology between p55-v0 antigenic gene and the one reported previously in nucleotide and amino acid seguence were 99.8% and 100%.The results of RT-PCR confirmed that p55-v3 and p55-v0 antigenic genes were transfected into COS-7 cells successfully and the genes were expressed in the cells.Conclusion:In this study,the recombinant plasmids of pVAX-p55-v3 and pVAX-p55-v0 are conducted successfully and expressed in the COS-7 cells,which provide a basis for clarification of immunologic function of p55-v3 and study of DNA vaccine.

BACKGROUND:Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) serve as a major cell source for smooth muscle cells,but the heterogeneity of cells derived from ESCs result in difficulty to obtain high purity smooth muscle cells.OBJECTIVE:To construct a double expression vector of puromycin resistance (pac) gene and enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) gene driven by smooth muscle specific SM22α promoter (pSM22α-PAC-IRES2-EGFP),in addition,to detect its availability and specificity in ESCs.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The observational experiment of gene level was performed at the Cardiovascular Institute,General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region from April 2007 to September 2008.MATERIALS:ESCs line R1 with number SCRC-1011TM was purchased from American ATCC Company.The pSM22α-EGFP vector was constructed by our laboratory.And the pIRES2-EGFP,pSM2C and pSuper.basic vectors were purchased from Invitrogen Company.METHODS:SM22α promoter was cloned from pSM22α-EGFP by polymerase chain reaction.CMV promoter of pIRES2-EGFP vector was replaced by SM22 promoter to establish pSM22α-IRES2-EGFP.Pac gene,excised from pSM2C by HindⅢ/Clal digestion,was sub-cloned into pSuper.basic to establish pSuper-PAC.After BgⅢ/Accl enzyme digestion of pSuper-PAC,pac gene fragment was obtained,which was further sub-cloned into pSM22α-IRES2-EGFP to produce pSM22α-PAC-IRES2-EGFP.ESCs were transfected with pSM22α-PAC-IRES2-EGFP using lipofectamine.Positive clones were selected by G418 and induced to differentiate and further identified by amplification of pac gene by RT-PCR.Differentiated cells were immunostained by SM α-actin,and expression of SM α-actin and EGFP was observed simultaneously under fluorescence microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Sequencing result of pSM22α-PAC-IRES2-EGFP;Amplification of pac gene;EGFP expression;as well as SM α-actin immunostaining.RESULTS:Three segments of 261 bp,664 bp,and 5000 bp were obtained by HindⅢ/Clal digestion,which was coincident with expectation,and the sequencing results showed that pSM22α-PAC-IRES2-EGFP vector was successfully constructed.Amplification of pac gene identified 4 ESCs clones successfully transfected.After induction of differentiation,partial portion of differentiated cells expressed EGFP,accompanied by positively stained by SM α-actin antibody.CONCLUSION:pSM22α-PAC-IRES2-EGFP vector was successfully constructed.ESCs clones transfected with this vector expressed pac gene and EGFP gene,and the expression of EGFP is smooth muscle specific.

Objective To study the expression of gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRH receptor) in the stomach of Sprague-Dawley rat exposed to light stress. Methods We established illumination stressed models that the rats were exposed to continuous light(totally 64 rats, 32 rats for experiment and control group, respectively). Then,stomachs were taken from the rats when the rats exposed to continuous light for 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks and their control groups, respectively.The localization and the expression of GnRHR and GnRHR mRNA in stomachs mucous membrane were detected using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and real-time PCR. Results Immunoreactivity was displayed mostly in the parietal cells in gastric gland. There were not differences of this distribution in all groups of constant illumination and their control. The immunoreactive materials were distributed on membrane and in cytoplasm of all positive cells, but not in nuclei. The level of GnRHR in rats exposed to continuous illumination were higher from one week to four weeks compared with that in control(P<0.05), and the level of GnRHR reached the peak when rats were exposed to constant illumination for two weeks (P<0.01). The quantity of GnRH mRNA in rats exposed to continuous illumination were higher from three weeks to four weeks compared with that in control(P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of GnRHR in digestive tract was effected by illumination stress.GnRH might regulate digestive function by interaction with GnRHR, suggesting that GnRH may be acted as a hormone, not only responded to normal physiological function of digestive tract but also responded to stress activity.

Objective To probe into the color Doppler echocardiographic characteristics of bilocular heart (BH) and associated malformations. Methods Twenty patients of BH were examined with color Doppler echocardiography (CDE) and the characteristics were observed. All the CDE results were compared with angiocardiography and 14 were confirmed by operation. Results Nineteen cases were properly diagnosed based on the CDE characteristics,1 case were misdiagnosed as mitral atresia. CDE characteristics of BH were obvious:① Apical four-chamber view of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) showed total echo dropout in both the interatrial septum and the interventricular septum and disappearance of the intracardiac "cross". The common atrioventricular valve closed during systole and appeared as figure "8", named 2DE "8" sign. During diastole, the common atrioventricular valve opened to a common ventricle. ② Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) showed common intra-atrial flow signal entereda common ventricle through common atrioventricular valve during diastole in all patients and colorful reflux through common atrioventricular valve during systole in 15 cases. ③ Among the 20 eases, 16 of the common atria were situs solitus,4 were situs inversus; 10 of the common ventricles were type A,2 were type B and 8 were type C. According to the spatial relationship of the great arteries,there were 4 type Ⅰ ,7 type Ⅱ and 9 type Ⅲ.There were 18 pulmonary stenosis and 2 pulmonary hypertension. ④ In the presence of pulmonary stenosis, CDFI showed colorful shunt signals through pulmonary artery during systole. Conclusions BH and associated malformations have obvious echocardiographic characteristics. CDE has a specific value in diagnosing BH and associated malformations.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between sternum protection and bone marrow suppression in postoperative radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma. Methods Total of 98 postoperative patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma were randomly divided into experimental group (52 cases) and control group (46 cases). All patients were given intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), with the dose of 50-50.4 Gy. The patients in experimental group were irradiated by 6 fields (4-fields in front, 2-fields behind) which were crossed to avoid direct exposure to the sternum. The patients in control group were irradiated by 5 fields (3-fields in front, 2-fields behind) with front-middle of the field passing through the sternum. Concurrently all patients received 2 cycles of cisplatin chemotherapy. Results Dmean, V20 and V30 of the sternum in the experimental group were (20.21 ±3.60) Gy, (40.78 ±7.19) % and (33.78 ±9.44) %, which were lower than those in the control group [(30.91±5.21) Gy, (81.01±4.81) %, (51.60±6.84) %], respectively (P<0.05). However, the volume and dose distribution of lung, spinal cord and heart were similar between the two groups (P> 0.05). Both the incidence rates of bone marrow suppression at 14th day and 35th day after radiotherapy were significantly higher in the control group (52.2%, 73.9%) than those in the experimental group (28.8 %, 50.0 %) (P< 0.05), and the incidence rate of bone marrow suppression at 7th day after radiotherapy was similar between the two groups. Conclusion Protecting and sketching for sternum in postoperative radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma can reduce the incidence of bone marrow suppression effectively, which would not increase the radiation dose in the lung, heart and spinal cord.