Objective To investigate the expression of anionic site in adriamycin-induced nephropathy (AN) rats, and to further explore the effects of Qufengtongluo Recipe on charge barrier in glomerulus in AN rats. Methods Adriamycin nephropathy was induced by a single tail intravenous injection of adriamycin. Totally 80 rats were randomly divided into normal control group and nephropathy model group. Three weeks later, the nephropathy model was established, and 50 AN rats were randomly divided into five groups: nephropathy model group (B, n=10), Qufeng group (C, n=10), prednisone and Qufeng group (D, n=10), prednisone group (E, n=10) and benazepri group (F, n=10), and they were treated respectively. With treatment being given respectively, renal tissue samples in each group were collected at week 3 and 7, respectively. The ultrastructure and expression of anionic site were examined by electron microscope observation. Results ① After adriamycin injection, a significant increase of the 24-hour urinary protein was observed at week 3 (P<0.01). In AN rats, serum albumin was decreased (P<0.01) while serum TCH and TG were increased (P<0.01). ② In AN rats the diffuse fusion and effacement of foot processes and decrease of anionic sites in GBM were observed at week 3. ③ At week 7, the average intensity of AS dramatically increased in C and E groups (P<0.01) compared with that in nephropathy model group. Conclusion The abnormal expression of AS is the important mechanism that leads to the occurrence and development of proteinuria in AN rats. It is possible that Qufengtongluo Recipe has effects on nephrotic syndrome through altering the charge barrier in GBM in glomerulus.

Objective To investigate the expression of nephrin mRNA in adriamycin-induced nephropathy (AN) in rats, and to explore the effect of Qufengtongluo recipe on proteinuria in AN rats and on the expression of nephrin mRNA. Methods Adriamycin nephropathy was induced by a single tail intravenous injection of adriamycin. We randomly divided 140 rats into a normal control group (n=32) and a nephropathy model group (n=108). Three weeks later, 90 AN rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: a model group, a qufeng group, a qufeng and prednisone group, a prednisone group, and a benazepri group (18 rats in each group). They were treated respectively, and renal tissue samples were collected at week 0, 3, 5, and 7, respectively. The distribution and expression of nephrin mRNA were examined by indirect immunofluorescence and semi-quantity RT-PCR. Results In the AN rats, the diffuse fusion and effacement of foot processes were observed at week 3. The fluorescence intensity of nephrin and the expression of nephrin mRNA significantly increased in the qufeng group and the prednisone group compared with the model group at the week 7 (P＜0.01).Conclusion Abnormal expression of nephrin is the important molecular mechanism that leads to the occurrence and development of proteinuria in AN rats. Qufengtongluo recipe has effect on nephrotic syndrome through altering the expression and distribution of nephrin in glomerulus.

With the deepening of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the method of quantification and standardization of TCM (i.e., quantitative characterization of TCM) has been more and more widely accepted by researchers. Chemometrics processes complicated data of TCM through applied mathematics, statistics and com-puter technology. And multivariable study was introduced into the quantitative characterization of TCM with great achievements. This article reviewed existed problems of quantitative characterization in TCM, the principles, char-acteristics, limitations, commonly used statistical methods and application conditions on quantitative characteriza-tion of TCM. With this review, a reference for further study of quantitative characterization of TCM was provided and a further research idea of combination with main methods of chemometrics was given.

Objective To investigate the associated risk factors of postoperative complications after rad?ical resecting of colorectal cancer. Methods The clinical data of 237 patients with colorectal cancer performed radical resection in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2011 to Decem?ber 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The incidence of postoperative complications was analyzed,and the relat?ed factors were analyzed by single factor and multi factor correlation analysis. Results The postoperative com?plications occurred in 114 cases of 237 patients( 48. 1%) . Univariate analysis showed that the age more than 70 years old,preoperative comorbidity,intraoperative blood loss,surgeon’ s experience,combined evisceration or en?larged evisceration were related to postoperative complications ( P = 0. 033, 0. 014, 0. 045, 0. 028, 0. 040 ) . Compared with the patients without complications,the postoperative anal exhaust time,length of stay was longer of the patients with complications((3. 7±1. 6) d vs. (3. 2±1. 4) d,P=0. 035;(21. 3±6. 5) d vs. (12. 1 ±2. 4) d,P=0. 001). Logistic regression analysis showed that depth of tumor invasion(P=0. 001),preoperative comorbidity including NRS>3 points (χ2 =8. 903, P=0. 003 ) , anemia and hypoproteinemia (χ2 =3. 494, P=0. 048) ,hypertension complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus(χ2=5. 418,P=0. 026) ,not complete intesti?nal obstruction(χ2=8. 376,P=0. 003),mild and severe ventilation dysfunction(χ2=6. 331,P=0. 011) and WBC<3. 9×109(χ2=4. 256,P=0. 041) were closely related to the occurrence of complications. The rate of post?operative complication of laparoscopic group and open group had no significant difference( 44. 4%( 64/144) vs. 47. 3%(44/93),P>0. 05) . Conclusion Age>70 years old,preoperative comorbidity,intraoperative blood loss,surgeon`s experience,combined evisceration or enlarged evisceration are main risk factors for patients per?formed colorectal cancer radical resection,but laparoscopy?assisted radical resection is not the risk factor.

Objective To investigate the value of Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (~(18)F-FDG-PET)in staging and detecting residual disease during follow-up of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children. Methods The results of~(18)F-FDG-PET of 88 podiatric NHL before and after chemotherapy was analyzed respectively.The results were compared with CT scans simultaneously.Results 67 cases were performed for initial staging.Of the 1072 anatomy regions were analyzed by PET and CT with concordalice of 88.62%regions(positive in 11.10%and negative in 77.52%1.Disconcordance were found in 11.38%regions(PET positive but CT negative in 6.8 1%,PET negative but CT positive in 4.57%).PET was significantly better than CT scan in the staging of podiatric NHL.35 scans were performed in the follow-up.The true residual disease positive rate of PET and CT were 87.50%and 57.14% respectively.The false positive rate of PET and CT were 12.50%and 50.00%respectively.Conclusion ~ (18)SF-FDG-PET imaging is of great value for the staging of the pediatric patients with NHL It's a useful technique to identify the residual disease,avoid unnecessary treatment and biopsy and Can predict eady relapse.

AIM To investigate the effects of several 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) subtype receptor antagonists on late slow excitatory postsynaptic potential(LS-EPSP) of the neurons of guinea pig inferior mesenteric ganglion(IMG). METHODS Intracellular recordings were made from neurons of the isolated guinea pig IMG. RESULTS Cyproheptadine and BRL 24924 suppressed LS-EPSP of 5-HT sensitive neurons reversibly, while mianserin, MDL 72222 and spiperone showed no significant effect. Continuous superfusion of IMG with MCPP suppressed LS-EPSP of 5-HT sensitive neurons by 5-HT 1P receptor desensitizated. CONCLUSION LS-EPSP of 5-HT sensitive neuron is mediated by 5-HT 1P subtype receptor.

Mycobacterium (M.) vaccae is a fast-growing species of saprophytic bacteria that is widely distributed. To understand the host immune responses induced by M. vaccae isolated from bovine submaxillary lymph nodes, C57BL/6 mice were infected with reference strain M. vaccae Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and isolated M. vaccae using intraperitoneal injections. Comparison of the bacterial replication and organ pathology between M. vaccae and M. vaccae BCG revealed that M. vaccae was more malignant than M. vaccae in mice. We also demonstrated that serum from the M. vaccae-infected mice contained a higher expression level of gamma-interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12, IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta than did the other groups, especially after week 4. Furthermore, when the numbers of CD3⁺CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ and CD3⁺CD4⁺IL4⁺ cells in the infected mice were observed by flow cytometry, we found that a powerful T helper 1 (Th1) response was induced by M. vaccae infection, which was associated with the emergence of CD3⁺CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ cells. However, the Th1 response declined over time, which was associated with appearance of the CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ and CD4⁺CD25⁺CD152⁺Treg cell reaction. In addition, a strong Th2 response was found. Finally, we found that M. vaccae infection increased the production of type I IFNs, which was associated with a reduced Th1 response.
Animals ; Bacillus ; Bacteria ; Chemokine CCL2 ; Flow Cytometry ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Interferon-gamma ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukins ; Lymph Nodes ; Mice* ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Mycobacterium* ; Pathology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Objective: To review the clinical-pathology characteristics of 19 relapsed pediatric mature B cell lymphoma and to find the risk factors for recurrence and the feasible treatment after relapse. Method: Data of 212 pediatric B cell lymphomas cases in Beijing Children′s Hospital from January 2006 to June 2015 were collected retrospectively. All the patients were treated according to the B cell lymphoma regimen of Beijing Children′s Hospital. During the study period, 19 of 212 cases were relapsed; the clinio-pathological characteristics of relapsed patients before treatment and after relapse were analyzed retrospectively, the treatment outcomes after relapse were summarized and the patients were followed-up. Result: Nineteen of 212 cases had relapsed disease, for these relapsed patients: the median age at initial diagnosis was 5.5 years old, the median level of uric acid was 384(range, 121-713)μmol/L, the median level of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) was 1 323(range, 146-6 370)U/L. Among 19 relapsed patients, 10 had local relapse and 9 had multiple relapses; 17 were Burkitt′s lymphoma and 2 were diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Staging: 2 cases were stageⅡ, 3 cases were stage Ⅲ and 14 cases were stage Ⅳ. Risk group: 6 cases were group B and 13 cases were group C. Nine cases had bone marrow involvement and 10 cases had central nervous system(CNS) involvement. Acute tumor lysis syndrome was seen in 6 cases during the early treatment and 13 cases had delayed treatment. Treatment after relapse: 10 cases received further treatment after relapse (rituximab + 1-4 courses high intensity second-line chemotherapy), 3 cases received autologous stem cell transplantation. There was no chemotherapy or infection related death, 3 cases achieved complete remission (CR). For all the 212 patients, the median follow-up time was 47 (range, 1-131)months and the 5-year event free survival(EFS)rate was (89.4±0.2)%. For the 19 relapse cases, the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was (21.1±0.1)%, CR rate after relapse was 30%, patients died of the progression of the primary disease, no treatment related death occurred. Univariate analyses showed that bulky disease, stage Ⅳ, maxillofacial and CNS involvement, LDH>1 000 U/L, delay treatment, day 7 evaluation shrink <25%, residual diseases after 3 months treatment are relapse risk factors (all P<0.01). Conclusion Patients relapse during the treatment or at the early stage after the end of all chemotherapy have poor prognosis. So far there is no effective method for early relapse patients; the late relapse patients had the possibility of CR if they are sensitive to salvage treatment. In conclusion, to improve the outcome, the key point is to reduce the relapse.

Objectives To evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the incidence risk of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).Methods This retrospective study included 1210 PTMC patients who underwent surgery between November 2013 and October 2014 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital,China Academy of Medical Science.A population-based 1∶1 matched case-control study was conducted,and each PTMC patients was matched with one who received thyroid function and ultrasonic to confirm that there was no disease in the thyroid.The clinical profiles of these patients were collected.According to Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Adults,all subjects were divided into three groups:underweight (BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2),normal(18.5 kg/m2 ＜ BMI ≤ 23.9 kg/m2),overweight (24.0 kg/m2 ＜ BMI ＜ 27.9 kg/m2) and obese group(BMI≥28.0 kg/m2).The relationship between BMI and PTMC incidence risk was analyzed by casecontrol study.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between BMI and PTMC severity.Results The BMI of PTMC patients was significant higher than in normal control [(24.30 ±3.33) kg/m2 vs (23.31 ± 3.50) kg/m2,P ＜ 0.0001].Compared with BMI normal group,the incidence risk of PTMC in underweight group was significantly lower (OR =0.449,95 ％ CI:0.270-0.747),which is higher in overweight and obese group (OR =1.559,95％ CI:1.261-1.928;OR =2.059,95％ CI:1.501-2.823).Histopathological review of 1210 PTMC patients with surgical resection revealed.The proportions of underweight,normal,overweight and obese group of the patients with extrathyroid extension (3.1％,48.0％,36.7％,12.2％) have significant differences with those in the patients whose tumor are limited to the thyroid (0.7％,45.2％,36.0％,18.1％) (P =0.0090).The proportions of 4 group of the patients with multiple lesions (3.2％,49.0％,35.6％,12.2％) were significantly differences to those in the patients with single lesion (0.8％,43.3％,38.7％,17.2％) (P =0.0050).Multivariate analysis showed that underweight is a protective factor of extrathyroidal extension (OR =0.219,95 ％ CI:0.051-0.932;OR =0.279,95 ％ CI:0.085-0.935) and mulifocality,and obese is an independent risk factors(OR =1.556,95％CI:1.047-2.312;OR =1.764,95％CI:1.204-2.584).Conclusions This study identified that the incidence risk of PTMC is positive related with BMI.In PTMC patients,obesity increases the risk of mulifocality and extrathyroidal extension.Attention should be paid to the effect of obesity on the incidence risk of PTMC and the diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the prognostic significance of high sensitivity-C reactive protein (Hs-CRP) in patients with peripher-al T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). Methods:A total of 234 newly diagnosed PTCL patients with a median age of 48 years were analyzed retro-spectively. Serum Hs-CRP levels and other factors, including tumor stage and international prognostic index (IPI), were determined. Af-ter a median follow-up of 23 months, the relationship between Hs-CRP and overall survival (OS) was observed. Results:Serum Hs-CRP level positively correlated with IPI score (r=0.132, P<0.001), tumor stage (r=0.183, P=0.005), B symptoms (r=0.225, P=0.001), and lactic dehydrogenase (r=0.169, P=0.009), but negatively correlated with plasma albumin levels (r=?0.343, P<0.001), hemoglobin concentra-tion (r=?0.239, P<0.001), and platelet count (r=0.131, P=0.045), and is uncorrelated with age (P>0.05), gender (P>0.05), fitness score (P>0.05), and leukocyte count (P>0.05). Patients with serum Hs-CRP levels≤10 mg/L had better OS than patients with serum Hs-CRP levels>10 mg/L. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models showed that platelet count, Hs-CRP, albumin levels, and IPI score were independent adverse prognostic factors. Conclusion:The baseline Hs-CRP level can serve as a major indicator of prognosis in PT-CL patients.