Since July 1992 to September 1993,57 breast lesions were identified by mam- mography in 56 patients. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed on 55 lesions by us- ing a stereotaxic localization technique (10/55 lesions were nonpalpable). Fine-needle aspira- tion cytology has a sensitivity of 92.5%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 96.3%, The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of mammogram with stereotaxic fine-needle aspiration cytology test were 100% respectively. 6 nonpalpable breast lesions were excised by using stereotaxic localization technique.

Object To research and choose the best technology c onditions for extracting ursolic acid from Sambucus chinensis Li ndl. Methods According to physicochemical character of ursolic aci d, orthogonal design and tests of extract technology for ursolic acid were ca rried on, and four factors were chosen such as concentration, qu an tity of ethanol, extracting time, concentration of clearing agent, and three lev els of each factor were used for orthogonal design and test. Results That was the best technology condition that ursolic acid was extracted by means of ethyl alcohol (90%) of 7 times as much as raw materials, and it is heat ed 2 times (each 1 h), and the concentration of clearing agent was 3%. Conclusion That is a better technology for industrial producti on because it is advanced and rational, practical and feasible.

. Conclusions Two multiplex RT-PCR assays show high consistency with common RT-PCR. The multiplex RT-PCR assays were initially established.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of glucogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in the pathogenesis of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) in rats.Methods Kidneys of Fisher (F344) rats as donors were orthotopically transplanted into Lewis (LEW) rats as recipients.The renal function and histopathological changes were observed at 4,8,12,16,and 24week post-transplantation.Phosphorylated GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β) protein and mRNA expression was determined by using immunohistological assays and RT-PCR respectively.Results Our data showed that 24-h urinary protein excretion in CAN rats was increased significantly at week 16 as compared with F344/LEW controls.Allografts showed markedly increased mononuclear cells infiltration and presented with severe interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy at 16 and 24 week post-transplantation.p-GSK-3β expression (protein/mRNA) was down-regulated in rat kidneys with CAN,and the decrease became more significant over time after transplantation.p-GSK-3β expression was correlated significantly with 24-h urinary protein excretion,serum creatinine levels,tubulointerstitial mononuclear cells infiltration,smooth muscle cells migration in vascular wall,and interstitial fibrosis.Conclusion It was concluded that GSK-3β down-regulation was the key event that may be involved in mononuclear cells infiltration and vascular SMCs migration at early stage,and interstitial fibrosis and allograft nephroangiosclerosis at later stage of CAN pathogenesis in rats.

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of phosphate myosin light chain (pMLC) in the rat kidney of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) model. Methods The left donor kidneys from Fisher (F344) rats were orthotopically transplanted into Lewis recipients. Meanwhile, the F344 rats and LEW rats with resection of the right kidney served as control groups. Animals were harvested respectively at the 4th, 8th and 12th week after transplantation. The creatinine clearance rate (CCr) was calculated by urine creatinine of 24-h urine. Blood samples were collected from rats for determination of serum creatinine. The expression of pMLC was detected by using Western blotting and immunohistochernistry, and that of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) by using immunohistochemistry. Results Mononuclear cells infiltration of allografts was markedly aggravated as compared to the controls. Allografts got severe interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy at 12th week after transplantation. The expression of pMILC and ILK was up-regulated in the kidney of CAN rats after transplantation, and increased more significantly as the time went on. The expression of pMILC was significantly correlated with 24-h urine protein excretion (r= 0. 273, P＜0. 05), serum creatinine levels (r = 0. 434, P＜0. 01 ), the number of tubulointerstitial infiltrated mononuclear cells (r = 0. 525, P＜0. 01 ), the number of smooth muscle cells (SMC) in vascular wall (r= 0. 676, P＜0. 01 ) and the extent of interstitial fibrosis (r= 0. 570, P＜0. 01 ).There was a significantly positive correlation between ILK and pMLC in CAN rats at the 4th week after transplantation (r= 0. 778, P＜0. 01 ). Conclusion pMLC might play an key role in CAN, and the over-expression of ILK might be involve in the pathogenesis of CAN.

Objective In contrast to conventional radiotherapy ,analyze the dosimetry and prognosis of 3D conformal radiothera-py in the treatment of gliomas with different pathological stages .Methods 97 patients with gliomas were selected ,and divided into two groups as conventional radiotherapy group (CR group) and 3D conformal radiotherapy group(3D group) .analyzed the influence of different radiotherapy to the gliomas in the same pathological stage .Compared the dosimetry differences between these two radio-therapies .Results There was no obvious differences in 3 year survival rate between CR group and 3D group at low grade gliomas . But 3D group had better 3 year survival rate than CR group at high grade gliomas .And 3D group had lower rate of relevant sequel after radiotherapy .3D group had higher conformal index (CI) and average dosage of radiation than CR group .Conclusion 3D radio-therapy has better dosimetry and conformal index than conventional radiotherapy ,especially has better prognosis in high grade glio-mas and lower rate of relevant sequel after radiotherapy .

Objective To discuss the effect of comfort nursing on physiological and psycho-logical therapeutic efficacy for COPD patients.Methods A total of 120 patients diagnosed COPD were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,all the patients were given the same clinical therapeutic measures and the control group was given routine nursing while the experi-mental group was given comfort nursing on the basis of routine intervention,physiological and psy-chological therapeutic efficacy were compared in two groups.Results BMI,MMRC and CAT in the experimental group were lower than that in the control group and higher than patients in the control group,FEV1% predictive values in the experimental group was higher than that in the con-trol group,the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).Anxiety scores and depression scores in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group,subjective well being in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion Comfort nursing can improve the physical and psychological therapeutic efficacy,improve quality of life and patients’satisfaction,and enhance the doctor-pa-tient relationship as well as overall health level.

Objective To analyze the correlation between PLCE1,RFT2 expressions and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their effects on prognosis.Methods Ninety esophageal cancer patients were selected.Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect PLCE1 and RFT2 expressions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal esophageal tissues,and correlation between PLCE1,RFT2 expressions and clinicopathological features as well as relationship between PLCE1 and RFT2 were analyzed.Results Positive rates of PLCE1 and RFT2 in esophageal squamous cell tissue and normal esophageal tissues were 86.67％,16.00％ and 80.00％,18.00％ respectively,and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).PLCE1 and RFT2 expressions were correlated with esophageal clinical T stage,lymph node metastasis and the longest diameter (P ＜ 0.05).PLCE1 expression was positively correlated with RFT2 expression in esophageal cancer tissue (rs =6.544 8,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PLCE1 and RFT2 are highly expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,and are closely correlated with tumor maximum diameter,lymph node metastasis and clinical stages.

Objective To discuss the effect of comfort nursing on physiological and psycho-logical therapeutic efficacy for COPD patients.Methods A total of 120 patients diagnosed COPD were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,all the patients were given the same clinical therapeutic measures and the control group was given routine nursing while the experi-mental group was given comfort nursing on the basis of routine intervention,physiological and psy-chological therapeutic efficacy were compared in two groups.Results BMI,MMRC and CAT in the experimental group were lower than that in the control group and higher than patients in the control group,FEV1% predictive values in the experimental group was higher than that in the con-trol group,the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).Anxiety scores and depression scores in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group,subjective well being in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion Comfort nursing can improve the physical and psychological therapeutic efficacy,improve quality of life and patients’satisfaction,and enhance the doctor-pa-tient relationship as well as overall health level.

Objective To analyze the correlation between PLCE1,RFT2 expressions and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their effects on prognosis.Methods Ninety esophageal cancer patients were selected.Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect PLCE1 and RFT2 expressions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal esophageal tissues,and correlation between PLCE1,RFT2 expressions and clinicopathological features as well as relationship between PLCE1 and RFT2 were analyzed.Results Positive rates of PLCE1 and RFT2 in esophageal squamous cell tissue and normal esophageal tissues were 86.67％,16.00％ and 80.00％,18.00％ respectively,and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).PLCE1 and RFT2 expressions were correlated with esophageal clinical T stage,lymph node metastasis and the longest diameter (P ＜ 0.05).PLCE1 expression was positively correlated with RFT2 expression in esophageal cancer tissue (rs =6.544 8,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PLCE1 and RFT2 are highly expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,and are closely correlated with tumor maximum diameter,lymph node metastasis and clinical stages.