Objective:To investigate a brucellosis outbreak caused by contact with unquarantined sheep in Chongqing, and provide reference for prevention and control of brucellosis.Methods:In accordance with the requirements of the "Technical Plan of Brucellosis Prevention and Control Project of Chongqing" and the "Working Specification for Epidemic Disposal of Human Brucellosis" (DB50/T 946-2019), a self-designed brucellosis case questionnaire (version 2021) was used to carry out case investigation and laboratory tests on cases reported by medical institutions, and the data were analyzed descriptively.Results:According to "Working Specification for Epidemic Disposal of Human Brucellosis" (DB50/T 946-2019) in Chongqing, the brucellosis outbreak that occurred in December 2021 was determined to be a cluster outbreak, with a total of two confirmed cases of brucellosis, and a incidence rate of 2/9. The reason of the outbreak was the rearing and slaughtering of unquarantined sheep.Conclusion:We should strengthen the inspection and quarantine of livestock such as cattle and sheep, crack down on informal trade of livestock, and reduce the risk of brucellosis.

Aging poses a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death in the aged population. However, the cell type-specific changes underlying cardiac aging are far from being clear. Here, we performed single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis of left ventricles from young and aged cynomolgus monkeys to define cell composition changes and transcriptomic alterations across different cell types associated with age. We found that aged cardiomyocytes underwent a dramatic loss in cell numbers and profound fluctuations in transcriptional profiles. Via transcription regulatory network analysis, we identified FOXP1, a core transcription factor in organ development, as a key downregulated factor in aged cardiomyocytes, concomitant with the dysregulation of FOXP1 target genes associated with heart function and cardiac diseases. Consistently, the deficiency of FOXP1 led to hypertrophic and senescent phenotypes in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Altogether, our findings depict the cellular and molecular landscape of ventricular aging at the single-cell resolution, and identify drivers for primate cardiac aging and potential targets for intervention against cardiac aging and associated diseases.
Aged ; Animals ; Humans ; Aging/genetics* ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism* ; Primates/metabolism* ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism* ; Transcriptome ; Macaca fascicularis/metabolism*

Objective To investigate the association between famine exposure in different life cycles and the risk of central obesity. Methods A total of 2234 spermanent residents were recruited to participate in the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) Study ,they were grouped into four birth cohorts of fetal-exposed (born between January 1,1959, and December 31,1961,95 cases), childhood-exposed (born between January 11,949, and December 31,1958,533 cases), adolescence/adult-exposed (born between January 1,1931, and December 31,1948,256 cases),unexposed cohorts（born after January 1, 1975，871 cases).we used logistic regression model to assess the effect of famine exposure on central obesity in adulthood. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, females in the fetal/infant exposure group（OR=3.283,95%CI：1.472～7.321,P＜0.001）、childhood- exposed group (OR=3.557,95%CI：2.374～5.313,P＜0.001) and adolescence/adult-exposed group (OR=5.785，95%CI：3.536～9.492，P＜0.001) had a higher risk of adult central obesity than the control group.After excluding the subjects with coronary heart disease、cancer、diabetes、stroke or obesity, sensitivity analysis was carried out. The risk of central obesity increased in the female / fetal、childhood、adolescent / adult exposure group,which was unfound in males. Conclusion Severe famine exposure in fetal/infant、childhood and adolescence/adulthood can increase the risk of central obesity in adulthood in females. Therefore, the prevention and control of central obesity in female should start from the early life.

Objective:To study the effect of Compound Duzhong Jiangu Granules on joint function, quality of life and inflammatory factors in patients with Kashin-Beck disease.Methods:By group design, 135 patients with Kashin-Beck disease in Chongxin County, Pingliang City, Gansu Province, were selected and divided into intervention group (100 cases treated with Compound Duzhong Jiangu Granules, 12 g/bag, 1 bag/time, 3 times/day, treatment for 1 month) and control group (35 cases treated with ibuprofen, 0.3 g/capsule, 1 capsule/time, 2 times/day, treatment for 2 weeks) according to the randomized, single-blind principle. The changes of joint dysfunction index score, joint function improvement rate, total scores of Kashin-Beck disease quality of life (KBDQOL) and scores of each dimension were analyzed before treatment, 1 month and 3 months after treatment. The serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before treatment and 1 month after treatment.Results:The total scores of joint dysfunction index of the intervention group and the control group 1 month after treatment and 3 months after treatment were lower than those before treatment, but 3 months after treatment was higher than 1 month after treatment ( P < 0.001). One month after treatment, the total effective rates of joint function improvement in the intervention group and the control group were 68.00% (68/100) and 54.55% (18/33), respectively; 3 months after treatment, the total effective rates of the intervention group and the control group were 36.00% (36/100) and 39.39%(13/33), respectively. The total scores and scores of each dimension of KBDQOL were not significant for the main effect of the group ( P > 0.05), but significant for the main effect at the time point ( P < 0.05), and there was no interactive effect ( P > 0.05). There were significant differences in the scores of social support and mental status dimensions in the intervention group at different time points ( P < 0.001). And in the intervention group, the total score, the scores of physical function, activity limitation, economy and overall health dimensions were statistically significant between before treatment and 1 month after treatment, 1 month after treatment and 3 months after treatment( P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference between before treatment and 3 months after treatment ( P > 0.05). One month after treatment, the serum PGE2 levels of both groups were decreased ( P < 0.05), and there was no difference in other inflammatory factors at different groups and time points ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Compound Duzhong Jiangu Granules can effectively inhibit the inflammatory reaction of patients with Kashin-Beck disease, promote the improvement of joint function and improve the quality of life in various aspects.

ObjectiveBased on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF/MS）， the changes of endogenous markers in rat plasma at the different stage， namely modeling and administration of Shenling Baizhusan （SLBZS）， and the mechanism of SLBZS in the treatment of ulcerative colitis （UC） were studied. MethodIn the modeling stage， rats were randomly divided into normal group， spleen deficiency with dampness retention-UC （SDDR-UC） and pure-UC （P-UC） model group. In the administration stage， SLBZS was given to the above two different model groups. After modeling and administration， rat plasma was collected and determined by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B） for gradient elution （in positive ion mode：0-2 min， 99%A； 2-9 min， 99%-73%A； 9-10 min， 73%-44%A； 10-13 min， 44%-38%A； 13-19 min， 38%-28%A； 19-21 min， 28%-2%A； 21-23 min， 2%A； 23-25 min， 2%-10%A； 25-27 min， 10%-99%A； in negative ion mode：0-2 min， 85%A； 2-3 min， 85%-65%A； 3-5.5 min， 65%-44%A； 5.5-8 min， 44%-25%A； 8-10 min， 25%-2%A； 10-16 min， 2%-85%A）. The electrospray ionization （ESI） temperature was 120 ℃ under the positive and negative ion modes， and the acquisition range was 50-1 000. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） was used to analyze the changes of endogenous metabolites in the above two different model rats from the different stage. MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was used to analyze the metabolic pathways of these identified metabolites. ResultSixteen potential biomarkers were screened and identified in the modeling stage， among which 11 potential biomarkers were common in the two model rats， which mainly affected the primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway. Twenty-three potential biomarkers were screened and identified during the administration stage， among which 3 potential biomarkers were shared by the two model rats， and SDDR-UC and P-UC model rats had 11 and 9 potential biomarkers， respectively. It mainly affected 6 pathways such as purine metabolism， pentose phosphate pathway， pyrimidine metabolism， retinol metabolism， primary bile acid biosynthesis and steroid hormone synthesis. ConclusionThe primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway appears in the different stage of modeling and administration of UC， showing a dynamic change process. The therapeutic effect of SLBZS on SDDR-UC rats may be related to inhibiting the expression of nuclear transcription factor -κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway， activating farnesoid X receptor （FXR） and enhancing the expression of cytochrome P450.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among adolescents in Haidian District, Beijing, so as to provide insights into tobacco control among adolescents. Methods: The students in junior high school, high school and vocational high school were recruited from Haidian District using the stratified cluster random sampling method in October of 2019, and subjects' demographic features and use of e-cigarettes were collected using the Questionnaire for Survey on Tobacco Prevalence among Adolescents in China in 2019. The factors affecting e-cigarette use were identified among adolescents using the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 658 adolescents were investigated, including 315 junior high school students ( 47.87% ), 221 high school students ( 33.59% ), and 122 vocational high school students ( 18.54% ), and there were 261 boys ( 39.66% ), and 397 girls ( 60.34% ). There were 605 students that had heard of electronic cigarettes ( 91.95% ), 63 students that had used e-cigarettes (9.57%), and 23 students with current use of e-cigarettes ( 3.50% ), and there were 39 students that had never used electronic cigarettes but had a tendency of use in the future ( 6.55% ). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified parental smoking ( OR=2.408, 95%CI: 1.179-4.916 ), close friends' smoking ( OR=3.597, 95%CI: 1.715-7.544 ) and cigarette smoking ( OR=23.029, 95%CI: 11.092-47.812 ) as factors affecting e-cigarette use among adolescents. Conclusions The prevalence of electronic cigarette uses is 9.57% among adolescents in Haidian District, Beijing. Parental smoking, peer smoking and use of cigarettes may facilitate the use of e-cigarettes among adolescents.

Objective:To summarize the best evidence for the prevention of medical device related pressure injuries in patients in ICU, and to provide a basis for clinical nursing practice.Methods:Using evidence-based method and computer 6S evidence model, the relevant literature was retrieved. The resource types included clinical guidelines, evidence summaries, systematic reviews and expert consensus. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the databases to January 2021. Three researchers who received evidence based nursing training independently evaluated various types of literature, and extracted evidence from literature that met inclusion criteria.Results:A total of 11 articles were included with 8 guidelines, 1 systematic review, 1 evidence summary, and 1 expert consensus. The 24 best evidences related to risk assessment, skin assessment and cleaning, selection and wearing of medical devices, preventive use of dressings, and education and training were summarized.Conclusions:This study summarized the clinical practice basis for the prevention of medical device related pressure injuries in patients in ICU, which can provide scientific and effective theoretical guidance for clinical nursing staff to implement changes in practice. And it is recommended that the evidence should be combined with the clinical reality when using evidence. Analyze the facilitating factors and obstacles in the process of using evidence and formulate reform strategies suitable for clinical transformation, and then apply them to daily clinical work to improve the quality of nursing work.

Objective:To explore the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and influencing factors in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients with long-term combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART).Methods:The baseline data from the multi-center prospective cohort of HIV/AIDS patients who received long-term cART from 2018 to 2020 were collected. cART-naive HIV/AIDS patients were matched by age and gender using the propensity score matching (PSM) as controls. Data collection adverse events of anti-human immunodeficiency virus drugs reduced model (D: A: D[R]) score, Framingham risk score (FRS) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score were used to assess the 10-year CVD risk in patients with long-term cART treatment and in cART-naive patients. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk factors related to high 10-year CVD risk.Results:A total of 301 HIV/AIDS patients received long-term cART and 300 cART-naive HIV/AIDS patients were included, with an average age of 39.8 years old. There were 490 male accounting for 81.5%. Based on the D: A: D [R] score, 4.3%(13/301) of patients in the long-term cART group had a 10-year CVD risk assessment of ≥10%, and 6.3%(19/300) of patients in the cART-naive group. Based on the FRS, 13.4%(36/269) of patients in the long-term cART group had a 10-year CVD risk assessment of ≥10%, and 10.6%(28/264) in the cART-naive group. Based on the ASCVD risk score, 10.4%(14/135) of patients in the long-term cART group had a 10-year CVD risk assessment of ≥7.5%, and 13.8%(17/123) in the cART-naive group. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of high 10-years CVD risk between the long-term cART group and the cART-naive group assessed by any of risk equations (all P>0.050). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risk factors associated with 10-year CVD risk ≥10% assessed by D: A: D[R] model were age≥50 years, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and CD4 + T lymphocyte count <200×10 6 cells/L (adjusted odds ratio ( AOR)=697.48, 4 622.28, 23.11, 25.95, 27.72 and 18.25, respectively, all P<0.010). The risk factors associated with 10-year CVD risk ≥10% assessed by FRS were age≥50 years, male, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia ( AOR=53.51, 4.52, 36.93, 36.77, 6.15 and 3.84, respectively, all P<0.050). The risk factors associated with 10-year CVD risk ≥7.5% assessed by ASCVD risk score were age≥50 years, male, smoking, hypertension, diabetes ( AOR=18.48, 14.11, 14.81, 13.42 and 12.41, respectively, all P<0.050). Conclusions:Long-term cART has no significant effect on the 10-year CVD risk in HIV/AIDS patients. Higher CVD risk in HIV/AIDS patients are mainly associated with CD4 + T lymphocyte counts<200×10 6 cells/L and traditional CVD risk factors, including age≥50 years old, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia.

Objectives:To summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of the patients with isolated methylmalonic acidemia and investigate the strategies for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention.Methods:Three hundred and fourteen patients (180 males, 134 females) with isolated methylmalonic acidemia were ascertained from 26 provinces or cities across the mainland of China during January 1998 to March 2020. Genetic analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing, gene panel sequencing, whole exome sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification or quantitative PCR. According to the age of onset, the patients were divided to early-onset group (≤12 months of age) and the late-onset group (>12 months of age). They were treated by cobalamin, L-carnitine and (or) special diet and symptomatic treatment. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test.Results:Fifty-eight of 314 (18.5%) patients were detected by Newborn screening using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Five cases (1.6%) had a postmortem diagnosis. Two hundred and fifty-one patients (79.9%) were clinically diagnosed with an age of onset ranged from 3 hours after birth to 18 years. One hundred and fifty-nine patients (71.0%) belonged to early-onset groups, 65 patients (29.0%) belonged to the late-onset group. The most common symptoms were metabolic crises, psychomotor retardation, epilepsy, anemia and multiple organ damage. Metabolic acidosis and anemia were more common in early-onset patients than that in late-onset patients (20.8%(33/159) vs. 9.2% (6/65), 34.6% (55/159) vs. 16.9% (11/165), χ 2=4.261, 6.930, P=0.039, 0.008). Genetic tests were performed for 236 patients (75.2%), 96.2%(227/236) had molecular confirmation. One hundred and twenty-seven variants were identified in seven genes (MMUT, MMAA, MMAB, MMADHC, SUCLG1, SUCLA2, and MCEE), of which 49 were novel. The mut type, caused by the deficiency of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, was the most common ( n=211, 93%) cause of this condition. c.729_730insTT, c.1106G>A and c.914T>C were the three most frequent mutations in MMUT gene. The frequency of c.914T>C in early-onset patients was significantly higher than that in late-onset patients (8.3% (18/216) vs. 1.6% (1/64), χ 2=3.859, P=0.037). Metabolic crisis was more frequent in mut type than the other types (72.6% (114/157) vs. 3/13, χ 2=13.729, P=0.001),developmental delay and hypotonia were less frequent in mut type (38.2% (60/157) vs. 9/13, 25.5% (40/157) vs. 8/13, χ 2=4.789, 7.705, P=0.030, 0.006). Of the 58 patients identified by newborn screening, 44 patients (75.9%) who were treated from asymptomatic phase developed normally whereas 14 patients (24.1%) who received treatment after developing symptoms exhibited varying degrees of psychomotor retardation. Conclusions:The characteristics of phenotypes and genotypes among Chinese patients with isolated methylmalonic acidemia were analyzed. Expanded the mutation spectrum of the associated genes. Because of the complex clinical manifestations and severe early onset of isolated methylmalonic acidemia, Newborn screening is crucial for early diagnosis and improvement of prognosis. MMUT gene is recommended for carrier screening as an effort to move the test earlier as a part of the primary prevention of birth defects.

Objective To compare the diagnostic performances of real time of shear wave elastography (SWE) and strain ratio (SR) in differentiating benign and malignant liver tumors.Methods From March 2017 to August 2017,68 patients with 70 lesions were examined with SR and SWE respectively,the parameters of SWE were maximum real-time shear wave velocity (Vmax),average real-time shear wave velocity (Vmean) and real-time shear wave velocity elasticity ratio of lesion/peripheral liver tissue (Vratio).The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of SWE and SR parameters were plotted to assess the value in distinguishing benign and malignant liver tumors.The results were compared using the area under the ROC curve (AUC).The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of SWE and SR were calculated,The accuracy of the parameters with the largest AUC were compared between SWE and SR by McNemar test in differentiating focal liver lesions.Results The AUC of SR,Vmax,Vmean and Vratio were 0.948,0.868,0.918 and 0.956 respectively.The comparison of AUC reveals no significant difference between them.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of SR in differentiating benign and malignant liver tumors were 92.73％,93.33％,92.86％ respectively (P ＞0.05).The SWE parameter with the largest AUC was Vratio.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of Vratio was 94.56％,100.00％,95.71％,respectively.The accuracy of Vratio and SR in differentiating benign and malignant liver tumors showed no significant difference (P ＞0.05).Conclusions The application of SWE and SR in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant liver tumors is of high diagnostic value.They provide a new method for the differential diagnosis of liver tumor lesions,and the diagnostic value of both of them is equivalent.