Non-surgical therapy is important to liver cancer treatment. Actinotheraphy and chemotherapy, because of their less specific for cancer tissue and serious side effect, badly affect the patients' life qualities, sometimes even endanger the patients lives. Hepatocellular carcinoma specific antibodies have been the focus of liver cancer biotherapy. After 20 years of study since 1975, it has been demonstrated that antibodies derived from mouse could not efficiently stimulate the functions of human reactor, but could induce human anti-mouse antibody responses which could bring about serious side effects. The application of DNA recombination technique provides a good method for resolving the immune selection problem. The techniques of humanoriginated antibodies and phage displaying will lead to development of innovative strategies to manage liver cancer. In our country, the antibody products aimed at cancer all originated from mouse while the study of human antibodies is still at its primary stage. Non-human antibodies has been forbidden in clinical trails by FDA in America since 2001. It can be speculated that human antibody products will domminate the future market rapidly.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of ATP content in rat cerebral cortex after transient ischemia followed by reperfusion and the relationship between the change of energy and the recovery of neural function.Methods The rats were subjected to 10 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). At the time point of 0 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 72 h after reperfusion, ATP contents of frontal and parietal cortex were measured by capillary zone electrophoresis.Results At the end of 10 min ischemia, ATP content fell dramatically to less than 20% of the control level. After reperfusion, ATP content recovered gradually. After 1 h, 3 h, 6 h and 12 h of reperfusion, ATP content returned to 70.5%, 65.7%, 84.8% and 86.9% of the control level ( P=0.052, 0.030, 0.332 and 0.491). From 24 h on until 72 h after reperfusion, ATP content decreased again, reaching half of the control level ( P=0.003 and P=0.023). After 10 min ischemia, limb function recovered gradually and completely at last. From 24 h on until 72 h after reperfusion, unwillingness of action and eating was found.Conclusions The recovery of cellular energy system function is delayed even though the reperfusion is in time after transient cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, secondary failure of cellular energy system function occurrs with the reperfusion proceeding. These phenomena are probably responsible for the delayed recovery of neural function after cerebral ischemia in spite of reperfusion.

Objective To study the pharmacological activity of soybean stem soyasaponin. Methods Normobaric hyporia and exhaustive swimming in mice and osteoporosis rats model were used to observe the pharmacological effects of soybean stem soyasaponin. Results Soybean stem soyasaponin 150 mg/kg significantly prolonged the survival time in hyporia and the swimming time of mice and 100 mg/kg in rats improved the syomptom of osteoporosis models. Conclusion Soybean stem soyasaponin has obvious effect on anti-exhaustion and increasing tolerance of oxygen deficit in mice and significant therapy effect on osteoporosis rats.

Objective:To prepare resveratrol microemulsions by high pressure homogenization method and characterize the microe-mulsions. Methods:Using the particle size, polydispersion index and encapsulation efficiency as the indicators, the independent varia-bles of the preparation were inspected, and the microemulsions were characterized. The stability of resveratrol microemulsions was stud-ied by long term stability test preliminarily. Results:The mean particle size, polydispersion index and zeta potential of resveratrol mi-croemulsions was (231 ± 37. 8) nm, 0. 228 ± 0. 047 and ( -42. 5 ± 4. 3) mV, respectively. The microemulsions were found to be small and spherical with smooth surface under a transmission electron microscope. Long term stability studies showed that the microe-mulsions were stable in 3 months after stored at 25℃. Conclusion:The preparation process of high pressure homogenization method for resveratrol microemulsions is simple and feasible.

Objective To detect the changes of cerebral perfusion in patients with MELAs syndrome by using MR perfusion technique.Methods Thirteen patients with MELAS syndrome and 13 controls with normal neurological conditions were scanned with the sequence of flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery exempting separate T1 measurement(FAIREST).Their rCBF values were obtained in regions of bilateral basilar nuclei and thalami,as well as bilateral temporal lobes and occipital lobes.Regression analysis was carried out to determine the effect of location and side on the measurement of rCBF in controls.One-way ANOVA was conducted to compare rCBF values among the control group.the lesion ROIs and normal ROIs of the MELAS syndrome group.Results The values of rCBF were 0.83±0.23,1.17±0.30.0.93±0.28,and 1.11±0.25 for the left basilar ganglia,thalamus,temporal lobe,and occipital lobe respectively,while they were 0.77±0.15,1.03±0.34,1.06±0.23,and 1.09±0.23 for the right basilar ganglia,thalamus,temporal lobe.and occipital lobe respectively.Regression analysis revealed no effect of location and side on the rCBF (P＞0.05).The rCBF value for control group was 1.00±0.28,while it was 1.01±0.31 for the normal ROIs and 1.95±0.43 for the lesion ROIs in the MELAS syndrome group(F=54.99.P＜0.01).The rCBF of the lesion ROIs in the MELAS syndrome group was significantly higher than the normal ROIs and the control group.Conclusion CBF maps can reveal changes of cerebral blood flow in patients with ietal MELAS,which suggests increased perfusion in the stroke-like lesions.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of sodium tanshinone ⅡA sulfonate(STS) on adriamycin-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis. Methods H9c2 cells were divided into four groups: the control group, the ADR group, the STS group, and the AS(ADR+STS) group. MTT assay were used to detect cell proliferation and cell death. The cell cycle of H9c2 cells were determined by flow cytometry assay. Protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 was detected by Western blot assay. Results Compared with the control group, cell proliferation was significantly reduced , and the number of the cells was significantly increased in the G0/G1 phase in the ADR group(P < 0.01, P < 0.05). At the same time, the expression of Caspase-3 was dramatically enhanced and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was significantly reduced (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in the ADR group. However, pretreatment of STS increased H9c2 cell proliferation, decreased the number of the arresting cells, inhibited the expression of Caspase-3, and improved the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax (P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions STS can attenuate ADR-induced myocardial cell apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between retinal vessel diameters and cerebral infarction of carotid artery stenosis patients.Methods Eighty seven patients (174 eyes) with carotid stenosis were included in this study.There were 49 males and 38 females,with an average age of (65.25±7.85) years.Thirty-four patients were suffered from cerebral infarction (cerebral infarction group),and the other 53 patients had no cerebral infarction (control group).There was no significant difference in age (t=1.916),male rate (x2=0.142) and carotid stenosis extent (x2=0.785) between the two groups (P=0.059,0.706,0.675).All patients underwent color fundus photography after mydriasis.Retinal vascular caliber measurements were performed using IVAN software.The main parameters were central retinal artery diameter (central retinal artery equivalent,CRAE),the diameter of the central retinal vein (central retinal vein equivalent,CRVE) and the retinal arteriole to venular ratio (AVR).The relationship between retinal vessel diameter and cerebral vascular disease were analyzed with logistic regression analysis.Results In cerebral infarction group,CRVE,CRAE and AVR ratios were (132.90 ± 20.67) μm,(243.47 ±43.92) μm and 0.56±0.10,while the control group was (145.26±21.59) μm,(224.99±32.35) μm and 0.68±0.13 respectively.There were significant differences between the two groups (t=-2.648,2.257,-4.631;P＜0.05).After correction for risk factors,such as age,smoking history,CRAE reduction and CRVE increases were significantly correlated with cerebral infarction.Conclusion CRAE reduction and CRVE increases are risk factors of cerebral infarction in patients with carotid stenosis,and it is useful in the prediction.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of modified corneal ulcer debridement combining with anti-fungal agents in the treatment of keratomycosis(fungal corneal ulcer).Design Prospective case series.Participants Criteria for inclusion:1)fungal corneal ulcer was diagnosed under direct 10% KOH wet film microscopic examination;2)corneal ulcer located away from the center with superficial infiltration,or located in the center but in small size;3)depth of corneal infiltration was uncertain.From January,2007 to December,2009,141 cases of fungal corneal ulcer patients in Shandong Eye Institute affiliated to Qingdao Eye Hospital were recruited into this study.Methods All patients received modified corneal ulcer debridement including stripping off ulcer lesion as well as infiltrated tissue,and repairing ulcer fringe.For postoperative treatment,0.25% amphotercin B or 5% natamycin and 0.5% fluconazol eye drops were topically administrated with high frequency to the diseased eye.In the meantime,itraconalzole was orally taken as systematic treatment.Clinical efficacy of the above therapy was evaluated at last.Main Outcome Measurs Corneal ulcer infiltration,corneal epithelium reparation and recovery of vision acuity were closely observed following surgery.Results 10% KOH wet film examination showed that hypha was found in all of the 141 cases.The average time for postoperative follow-up was 29 days(from 14 to 60 days).All 141 cases of fungal corneal ulcer were completely healed,of which 127 cases were healed by taking corneal ulcer debridement surgery and anti-fungal medication,and the other 14 cases had to take penetrating keratoplasty(10 cases) or lameller keratoplasty(4 cases) due to uncontrolled infection.No recurrence was found during follow-up.The average time for healing in the 127 cases was 8.5 days,and among these cases,29 cases had a preoperative visual acuity below 0.05,80 cases between 0.05 and 0.3,and 32 cases between 0.3 and 1.0.Postoperative evaluation showed that 6 cases had a visual acuity below 0.05,42 cases between 0.05 and 0.3,93 cases(65.96%) between 0.3 and 1.0,and among 93 cases,81 cases(57.45%) had a visual acuity between 0.5 and 1.0.Conclusions The modified corneal ulcer debridement combining with anti-fungal agents has proved to be an effective treatment for fungal corneal ulcer.It greatly improves patient's visual acuity and shortens the disease duration.For cases of superficial or uncertain infiltration,corneal ulcer debridement enables better ulcer observation and provides guidance for further treatment.

Objective To compare the enhancement characteristic of the gallbladder diseases and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy in differential diagnosis of the gallbladder diseases between contrast-enhanced sonography (CEUS) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT).Methods Seventy-two patiens with gallbladder lesions were examined by CEUS and CECT before operation and all final diagnoses were confirmed by surgery and/or pathological diagnosis.Results 1)In early phase,84.6％ (33/39) and 79.5％ (31/39) of benign diseases showed hyper-enhancement on CEUS and CECT,and 97.0％ (32/33) and 87.9％ (29/33) of malignant diseases showed hyper-enhancement on CEUS and CECT respectively (P =0.250).In later phase,91.2％ (31/34) and 88.2％ (30/34) of benign diseases showing hypo-enhancement (P =1.000),and 100％ of the malignant diseases showing hypo-enhancement on CEUS and CECT respectively.2)The time of enhancement from hyper-to hypo in CEUS for benign and malignant diseases were (39.9 ± 15.7)s and (29.9 ± 5.6)s respectively (t =3.61,P =1.000).3)The inhomogeneous enhancement on CEUS and CECT were 41.0％ (16/39) and 53.8％ (21/39) in the benign diseases respectively (P =0.063),84.8 ％ (28/33) and 97.0 ％ (32/33) in the malignant diseases respectively(P =0.125).4)The destruction of the gallbladder wall on CEUS and CECT are 87.9％ (29/33) and 90.9％ (30/33) respectively(P =1.000).5)The accuracy,diagnostic sensitivity,specificity of CEUS and CECT were 91.7％(66/72) and 87.5％(63/72),97.0％(32/33) and 93.9％(31/33),87.2％(34/39) and 82.15％ (32/39) respectively (P =0.250,1.000,0.500).Conclusions The enhancement pattern of the gallbladder diseases on CEUS and CECT were much similar.CEUS has equal diagnostic efficacy in comparison with CECT,but CEUS can supply more diagnostic information than CECT.

Objective:To study the pharmacokinetics of propranolol in Wistar rats after acute exposure to high altitude.
Methods:Fourteen male Wistar rats (200±20) g were selected. After administration of propranolol tablets (0.05 g/kg, i.g.), blood samples (3 mL) were collected at 0, 20, 40 min,1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by LC-MS/MS and DAS 2.0 software.
Results:The main pharmacokinetic area under concentration-time curve (AUC), mean retention time (MRT), half-life (t1/2) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of propranolol were increased by 442.61%, 47.45%, 73.13%and 352.97%, respectively, whereas Tmax and clearance (CL) were decreased by 80.87%and 68.94%, respectively.
Conclusion:This study displays significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of propranolol under high altitude, which may provide evidence for clinical rational application of propranolol at high altitude.