Glutamate is the primary excitatory amino acid in the mammal brain. Glutamate transporters perform the regulation of glutamate levels in synaptic cleft. If the glutamate transporters should not be expressed, stopped working, or gone into reverse releasing glutamate from the cytoplasm, there would be an extracellular build up of glutamate. Defective glutamate uptake has been suggested to be important in connection with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Objective] To further investigate the academic thoughts and the aspects of clinical treatments of Lu Yuanlei focused on hemorrhage syndrome. [Methods]According to study straightly the compilation of medical records of Lu Yuanlei and his academic works, the scientific explanation toward the therapeutic methods for hemorrhage syndrome and especially both the theoretical thoughts and the clinical experience of hemoptysis and hematochezia are discussed and concluded. [Results] Lu Yuanlei concluded the three major principles of healing hemorrhage syndrome. To emphasize the importance of patients with sufficient healthy qi inside as well as to make well use of Bupleurum based on syndrome differentiation in the clinical treatments. In addition, with the caution of stopping bleeding without blood stagnation, from our survey, there are three frequently used pairs of drugs specialized for hemostasis in the medical records of Lu Yuanlei. Furthermore, Lu Yuanlei demonstrated three distinguished opinions in the examination of enterorrhagia , to apply Huang Tu Decoction deliberately for the clinical treatment of hematochezia. [Conclusion] The valuable academic inspiration and clinical treatments of hemorrhage syndrome proposed by Lu Yuanlei can be meditated and preached. Besides, his academic viewpoints of scientific connotation of TCM are obviously prominent in the contents.

OBJECTIVE: To study pharmacokinetics of irinotecan and its metabolite SN-38 in rats after administration of irinotecan and thalidomide.METHODS: Healthy male SD rats were randomized to given 10 mg?kg-1 irinotecan and 20 mg?kg-1 irinotecan (control group) or irinotecan combined with 20 mg?kg-1 thalidomide (trial group).Blood samples were collected at 0.083 h,0.5 h,1.0 h,2.0 h,4.0 h,6.0 h,8.0 h,10 h and 12 h after medication.The plasma concentrations of irinotecan and SN-38 were determined and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DASver2.0 software.RESULTS: As compared with control group,AUC0～t and Cmax of irinotecan in 10 mg?kg-1 irinotecan trial group were increased significantly (P

Objective To investigate the relationship between choroidal telangiectasia and subfoveal choroidal thickness in the patients with central serous chorioretinopathy.Methods Eighty-four patients (84 eyes) with central serous chorioretinopathy in our hospital from February 2015 to April 2016 were selected,based on the fluorescein angiography the patients were divided into 3 groups:Mild group (leakage at 9-10 minutes after injection,26 cases),moderate group (leakage at 5-8 minutes after injection,37 cases),severe group (leakage at 5 minutes after injection,21 cases).The choroidal capillary dilatation was assessed by OCTA,and subfoveal choroidal thickness in three groups and patients with different foveal choroidal expansion degree were measured by EDI-OCT,and correlation analysis was performed.Results The proportion of severe dilation of choriocapillae in mild group,moderate group,severe group were 7.69％,13.52％ and 23.81％,respectively.The subfoveal choroidal thickness was sequentially increased in mild group,moderate group,severe group (P ＜ 0.05).The subfoveal choroidal thickness in patients with mild,moderate and severe dilatation of choroidal capillaries were (306.59 ± 74.18) μm,(367.21 ± 85.04) μm and (416.27 ± 104.56) μm,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The degree of choroidal telangiectasia in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy had a positive correlation with the thickness of subfoveal choroid (r =0.812,P =0.037).Conclusion The degree of choroidal telangiectasia and subchondral choroidal thickness in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy are significantly increased with the severity of the disease,and there is a positive correlation between them.

Objective To explore the causes and solutions of rehospitalization of the high-risk neonates. Methods The data collection form was designed based on the literature reviewing and the discussion of the nursing quality management team. Results The samples were retrospectively collected from January 2015 to October 2015. There were 106 cases readmitted among the 3012 discharged cases with the ratio of 3.52%. The average interval of readmission were (4.92±4.0) days, most of the cases were readmitted in 7 days after the first discharge with a ratio of 83.95%, the ratio of readmission within 3 days was 38.68%and that was 45.28%for the readmission within 4~7days. For the Preterm infants, the ratio of readmission within 3 days was 21.69%which was higher than that of the full term (16.98%), there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(chi-square= 1.45, P>1.45). While the ratio of readmission within 7 days for premature infants was 49.06%(52/106), which was higher than that of full term infants [34.91%(37/106)], and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups(chi-square = 5.45, P<0.05). Jaundice was found to be the major reason for unplanned rehospitalization with the ratio of 50.94%. When compared the incidence of readmission contributed by improper feeding between the low birth weigh and normal birth weight infants, there was nostatistical significance (chi-square = 3.58, P>3.58). But when compared between preterm infants and full term, a higher ratio was found in preterm infants (16.04%), and there was statistically significant difference (chi-square = 5.83, P< 0.05). Conclusion One week after discharge was the peak time of readmission.Jaundice was the main factor of readmission. Premature babies were more likely to have readmission due to feeding problems.

Objective To compare the curative effect and complication of traditional open thyroid operation and minimally invasive laryngeal endoscopic thyroid operation.Methods 80 cases with thyroid disease were randomly divided into group I and groupⅡof 40 cases in each group,the group Ⅰ received the minimally invasive laryngeal endoscopic thyroid operation, while the Ⅱ group was treated with traditional open thyroid operation.The operation time,intraoperative amount of bleeding,postoperative drainage,hospitalization time and complications of two groups were compared.Results The operation time,hospitalization time of groupⅠwere (63.1 ±0.2)min,(5.7 ±0.6)d, which were significantly shorter than those of the control group[(90.4 ±1.1) min,(8.4 ±0.2) d].Amount of bleeding,postoperative drainage volume after operation in groupⅠwere (19.2 ±0.9) mL,(30.4 ±2.6) mL,which were significantly less than those of the control group[(42.1 ±1.8)mL,(46.2 ±1.2)mL] (t=9.819,12.168, 11.182,9.928,all P <0.05);The incidence of postoperative complications of group Ⅰ was 2.5%,lower than 15.0%of groupⅡ,the difference was statistically significant between the two groups(χ2 =13.197,P <0.05). Conclusion Minimally invasive laryngeal endoscopic thyroid operation has advantages in little trauma,short opera-tion time,rapid postoperative recovery.

Objective To study the effect of comprehensive interventions on anxiety of nursing students at internship. Methods Comprehensive educational interventions were practiced at the beginning,middle-term and end of their internship. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)was adopted to assess their level of anxiety.Results There were differences in SAS scores between the three phases(F=2.680,P<0.05).The scores were decreased from the beginning to the end.Conclusion Targeted comprehensive educational interventions can reduce anxiety and stress of nursing students.

Objective To investigate the correlation between uric acid level and increase of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in the elderly.Methods Clinical data of elderly and middleaged people who took health physical examination from Jan.2013 to Dec.2014 in a 3A-level hospital in Beijing were collected.The elderly people were divided into IMT normal group and plaque group.Logistic regression and linear regression were used to analyze the related factors for IMT thickening and uric acid level.Results The occurrence rate of hyperuricemia had a significant difference between the elderly group and the middle-aged group (P＜0.01).There were significant differences in uric acid level [(350.6±89.6) μmol/L vs.(359.6±86.6) μmol/L, t=5.19, P＜0.05].Body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), blood urea,cholesterol, high density lipoprotein levels between the IMT normal group and plaque group were [(25.3±3.6)kg/m2 vs.(25.8±3.5) kg/m2, (115.9±13.8) mmHg vs.(126.8±16.9) mmHg, (74.6±11.3) mmHg vs.(77.8±12.1) mmHg, (4.9±0.9) mmol/L vs.(5.0±1.0) mmol/L,(1.2±0.3) mmol/L vs.(1.2±0.3) mmol/L, all P＜0.01].Multi factor correlation analysis showed that the IMT thickening was correlated with gender, SBP, low density lipoprotein, blood glucose,while had no correlation with uric acid level.Blood uric acid level was related with gender, smoking, BMI, triglycerides, blood glucose, C-reactive protein, high-density lipoprotein.Conclusions Blood uric acid level, BMI, blood pressure and lipids are increased in the plaque group as compared with the IMT normal group.However, blood uric acid level can not be used as an independent risk factor for IMT lesions.

[Objective]To assess the influence of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) reconstruction on preoperative fracture classification of intraarticular fractures by comparing 3D CT and 2D CT in preoperative fracture classification of tibial plateau fractures and acetabular fractures.[Method]A retrospective study was performed to evaluate 28 tibial plateau fractures and 19 acetabular fractures.Four attending traumatic orthopaedic surgeons used 3D CT and 2D CT respectively to evaluate fractures and rendered fracture classification.Test of agreement was performed to evaluate interobserver and intraobserver agreement about fracture classification.[Result]With the use of 3D CT images,interobserver and intraobserver reliability for fracture classification increased to perfect agreement.[Conclusion]3D CT could improve the reliability of preoperative fracture classification for tibial plateau fractures and acetabular fractures.3D CT is helpful and worthwhile for preoperative evaluation for fracture classification of intraarticular fractures.

Objective:To investigate the role of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC) in non-apoptotic,non-necrotic cell death of neutrophils induced by ONO-AE-248.Methods:The morphological changes of neutrophil nuclei and DNA fragmentation of the cells were examined by confocal microscopy and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL).Neutrophils were stimulated with medium alone,LPS,TNF-? or ONO-AE248 respectively.Then expression of ASC was detected by Western blot.Results:ONO-AE-248-induced neutrophil death was negative in TUNEL assay.Western blot showed that the expression of ASC protein was down-regulated by ONO-AE-248.Conclusion:The DNA degradation of the neutrophils when stimulated by ONO-AE-248 is probably different from that of the typical apoptosis.ASC might be a crosslink point between the ONO-AE-248-induced neutrophil death and spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils.