ObjectiveTo investigate and understand the cognitive level of occupational protection of staff in sterilization and supply center. Methods180 staff in sterilization and supply center were taken for a retrospective questionnaire investigation.The survey included:general information of the object,cognition about occupational protection,wearing of protective equipment,influence of occupational hazards,sharp instrument injury and the handling of injury cases. ResultsThe cognitive level of occupational protection in the sterilization and supply center was low.Some of the staff did not fully implement the wearing of protective equipment rules in the decontamination areas.In the occupational hazards,sharp instrument injuries accounted the highest incidence.The situation of taking blood tests after injury,injection of high titer globulin,report to the higher-ups and follow-up investigation were rare,and even some staff gave no handling of the wound. ConclusionsThe cognitive level of occupational protection in the sterilization and supply center is low.It not only needs professional training to improve cognitive level of occupational protection but also effective protective measures.The management department should establish a complete protection regulations of occupational safety and strict supervision in order to prevent the occurrence of occupational exposure,ensure staff safety,and at the same time,health records should be established in order to understand health status of staff.

Objective To investigate alexithymia and perceived stress in nursing staff.Methods Nurses who were 18 to 45 years old were selected with clustered sampling method and finished the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).Results TAS total sore ranged from 25 to 84.The incidence of critical state group and alexithymia group was respectively 38.5％ and 26.0％.There was no significant difference of alexithymia in nursing staff with different ages,education background and marital status.The total score of TAS-20 was significantly higher in general nurses than in nursing cadres,and the score of alexithymia factor was significantly higher in senior nurses than in junior nurses and in-charge nurses.The perceived stress was rising in non-alexithymia group,the critical state group and alexithymia group and the scores had significant difference.Conclusions There is a high incidence of alexithymia in nursing staff and more stress is perceived in nursing staff with alxithymia.More attention should be paid to and more psychological intervention should be given to younger nurses.

Objective To determine the effects and dosage of N?acetylcysteine( NAC) in the im?provement of the visibility in esophagogastroduodenoscopy( EGD) . Methods A prospective randomized con?trolled study was performed on 193 patients scheduled for EGD from November 2014 to July 2015 were ran?domized into five groups using digital table. In group A, 100 mg dimethicone and 2 g NaHCO3 were given. In group B,100 mg dimethicone, 2 g NaHCO3 and 20 000 U pronase were given. Group C received 100 mg dimethicone, 2 g NaHCO3 and 200 mg NAC. Group D received 100 mg dimethicone, 2 g NaHCO3 and 400 mg NAC and group E 100 mg dimethicone, 2 g NaHCO3 and 600 mg NAC.The agents were dissolved in 100 ml water for each patient.Endoscopy was completed by one endoscopist and the score of image visibility assessment was completed by 2 other endoscopists. The 3 endoscopists were unaware of grouping. The total scores, the time of washing, the time of examination and complications were compared and analysed. The total image scores of group A, B, C,D and E were 30?83±3?78, 35?69±2?88, 33?16±3?90, 34?95±3?46 and 36?76±2?91, respectively. Group A was the lowest(P<0?05),followed by group C(P<0?05). There were no differences among group B,D, and E(P>0?05).Images that were scored 3 were the most in group E.The washing times of each group were 38?00±19?10, 17?03±11?44, 15?92±10?81, 15?78 ±10?24 and 15?55±9?69, and the examination times of each group were 13?49±2?49, 9?41±1?86, 9?08± 1?80, 8?73±1?91 and 8?78±1?79 minutes.Group A was the longest in these two indices(P<0?05). There were no significant differences among group B, C, D and E ( P<0?05) . There were no significant differences in adverse effects among groups after EGD( P>0?05) . Conclusion The preoperative NAC can improve the visibility in EGD. The best dose is 600 mg, whose effects and safety were similar to those of 20 000 U, but yield to less washing time and the examination time in EGD.

Objective:To explore the method and effect of flipped classroom combined with case-based teaching method in nursing students in the cancer hospital.Methods:From September 2020 to February 2021, convenience sampling was used to select 277 intern nursing students in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University as the research object. The intern nursing students from September 2020 to November 2020 were set as the control group ( n=136) , and the intern nursing students from December 2020 to February 2021 were set as the experimental group ( n=141) . The control group implemented the traditional teaching, and the experimental group conducted the flipped classroom combined with case-based teaching on this basis. The after-department examination results, clinical practice self-assessment results and self-learning ability of the two groups of nursing students were compared. A total of 277 questionnaires were distributed, of which 277 were valid, and the valid recovery rate was 100.00% (277/277) . Results:After the intervention, the after-department theoretical and operational examination scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Among the 9 items in the self-assessment result of the practice, the acceptance rate of 7 items in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group with statistical differences ( P<0.05) . The scores of self-learning ability of nursing students in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The flipped classroom combined with case-based teaching is carried out in the clinical teaching of nursing students in the cancer hospital, which realizes the combination of online and offline teaching, and helps nursing students to master the theoretical knowledge and operation skills of oncology, improves the quality of teaching, the effect of practice and the self-learning ability of nursing students.

Monascus is one of the most essential microbial resources in China, with thousands of years of history. Modern science has proved that Monascus can produce pigment, ergosterol, monacolin K, γ-aminobutyric acid, and other functionally active substances. Currently, Monascus is used to produce a variety of foods, health products, and pharmaceuticals, and its pigments are widely used as food additives. However, Monascus also makes a harmful polyketide component called citrinin in the fermentation process; citrinin has toxic effects on the kidneys such as teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity (Gong et al., 2019). The presence of citrinin renders Monascus and its products potentially hazardous, which has led many countries to set limits and standards on citrinin content. For example, the citrinin limit is less than 0.04 mg/kg according to the Chinese document National Standard for Food Safety Food Additive Monascus (GB 1886.181-2016) (National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, 2016), and the maximum level in food supplements based on rice fermented with Monascus purpureus is 100 µg/kg in the European Union (Commission of the European Union, 2019).
Citrinin ; Dietary Supplements ; Fungi ; Monascus