Objective To investigate the effect of ramipril on urinary protein in elderly type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy in different periods.Methods 120 type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy (64 males, 56 females) with mean aged (68±3) years were randomized into treatment group and control group (n =60, each).According to test results of 24 h proteinuria and renal function, they were divided into 3 subgroups: the normal urine albumin (normal control) group, the early diabetic nephropathy group, and the clinical diabetic nephropathy group.The control group received conventional treatment, while the treatment group used conventional treatment combined with ramipril 2.5 mg/d.Both groups had treatment course of 3 months.The changes in 24 h urinary total protein and urinary albumin before and 1 and 3 months after treatment, and the changes in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in patients with renal dysfunction before and 3 months after treatment were observed and compared.Results 24 h urinary total protein and urinary albumin were significantly decreased along with the extended treatment time (P＜0.05 or 0.01).The blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were significantly declined at 3 months after treatment versus pre-treatment (P＜0.05 for both).There were no significant differences in 24h urinary total protein and urinary albumin in control group before versus after treatment (P＞0.05 for both).At 1 and 3 months after treatment, there were significant differences both in the decrement of 24h urinary total protein and urinary albumin, and in the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels between the clinical diabetic nephropathy treatment group and the control group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Conclusions Ramipril combined with conventional treatment can effectively reduce proteinuria and promote the recovery of renal function for type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy.

Teaching in out-patient clinic is a new and unique teaching mode,which is characteristic of one-to-one tutoring experiences.Students are put in the key positions while mentors serve as assistants in the whole process.By means of repeated practicing,summing-ups and perceiving,students improve their ability to combine theory with practice,enhance capabilities of communication,enrich their social experience and increase their talent of independent working.Meanwhile,further trainings may endow our medical students with better abilities of summarization.Through practice,teaching clinic has been proved to be a reasonable teaching mode which deserves promotion.

Objective To explore and analyze the clinical curative effect and prognosis of enteric -coated aspirin combined with clopidogrel in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease.Methods 84 patients with unstable coronary heart disease angina pectoris were selected in the research,and they were divided into regular treatment group and combination group,42 cases in each group.The patients in conventional treatment group were given enteric -coated aspirin therapy,and the combined treatment group were given clopidogrel on the basis of routine treatment.The myocardial enzymology indexes of 24h before and after drug treatment,electrocardio-gram (ECG)recovery,curative effect and adverse reaction were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the myocardial enzymology indexes of the combined treatment group (AST,CK -MB,cTnT,cTnI)had sig-nificant differences compared with the general treatment group (t =3.98,P <0.05,t =0.05,P <0.05,t =0.05,P <0.05,t =0.05,P <0.05).After treatment,the ECG total recovery rate of the combination group increased obviously compared with the conventional treatment group,the difference between the two groups was significant (χ2 =5.49, P <0.05).The total effective rate of the combined treatment group increased obviously compared with the conventional treatment group,the difference between the two groups was significant (90.5% vs 64.3%,χ2 =4.48,P <0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reactions had no obvious difference between the two groups (83.3% vs 66.7%,χ2 =2.88, P >0.05).Conclusion Drug combination therapy in the treatment of unstable type of coronary heart disease angina pectoris can synergistically improve clinical symptoms and physical fitness,improve patients'quality of life,it is safe and reliable,which is worth popularization and application widely.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Shenfu injection on myocardium against ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Twenty-four healthy male SD rats weighing 230-280 g were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8,each): sham-operation group(Sham), ischemia and reperfusion group (I/R), Shenfu injection group(SF) . In Sham group, the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery was exposed and a piece of silk thread was placed around the artery but untied. The ischemia and reperfusion injury models in I/R and SF groups were made by temporary ligation of the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery,ischemia lasted for 30 min and reperfusion for 60 min. In SF group, the Shenfu injection(10 ml/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before ischemia. In Sham and I/R groups, normal saline (10 ml/kg) was intraperitoneally injected. After 60 min reperfusion, the blood samples of all rats in each group were collected from the left carotid arterial catheter for determination of the concentrations of plasma TNF-?, IL-6 ( ELISA) . The myocardium samples were obtained for ultrastructure observation (Electron-microscope) .Results Compared with that in Sham group, the plasma concentrations of TNF-? and IL-6 in I/R group significantly increased( P

AIM: To study the protective effects of shenfu injection on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and its potential mechanisms. METHODS: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion was produced by tying and untying of left anterior descending coronary artery. Ischemia lasted for 30 min and reperfusion for 60 min. Twenty-four healthy male SD rats weighing 230-280 g were randomly divided into three groups (n=8 in each): sham-operation group, I/R group, and shenfu group which the shenfu injection (10 ml?kg -1) were injected intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia. The plasma concentration of tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?), interleukin-6(IL-6) were measured by ELISA. The heart was harvested and levels of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-?B) activity were determined by Ecl-western blot analysis and ultrastructures were observed by electron microscopy. RESULTS: NF-?B binding activity in myocardial nuclear and the plasma concentration of IL-6, TNF-? were significantly increased in I/R group than that in the sham-operation group (P

Objective To investigate the effect of ondansetron on the analgesic efficacy of tramadol for postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA). Methods Forty ASA I - II patients aged 22-74 years, weighing 40-90 kg scheduled for radical mastectomy were randomly allocated to one of two groups : control group ( n = 20) and ondansetron group ( n = 20) . The patients were premedicated with intramuscular atropine 0.01 mg?kg-1 and diazepam 0.2 mg?kg-1. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.1-0.2 mg (total dose was limited to 15 mg), fentanyl 2.4?g?kg-1 , propofol 1.5-2.0 mg?kg-1 and vecuronium 0.12-0.15 mg?kg-1 . The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation (VT 8-10 ml?kg-1 , RR 13 bpm). Anesthesia was maintained with enflurane inhalation and continuous infusion of vecuronium. The patients were attached to a PCIA pump after operation and received PCIA with 1 % tramadol (background infusion 2 ml?h-1 , bolus dose 2 ml, lockout interval 10min) in both groups. In ondansetron group the patients received ondansetron 6 mg iv during operation and a loading dose of tramadol 1 mg?kg-1 and ondansetron 2 mg after operation before PCIA. Pain score (VAS 0-10), sedation score (0-3), tramadol consumption and the incidence of nausea and vomiting were recorded at 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after operation. Results There was no significant difference in pain and sedation scores and the incidence of vomiting between the two groups. Significantly more tramadol was consumed at 4, 8 and 12 h after operation in the ondansetron group as compared with control group (P

Objective To investigate diagnostic value of ectopic pregnancy by transvaginal sonography (TVCDS) combining with detection of blood β-human chorionie gonadotropin(β-HCG) and progesterone(P) level. Methods 96 ectopic pregnancy patients were exahined by TVCDS,and detected β-HCG and P in the same day or next day,every two days or several days reexamination of β-HCG and P were given to the hospitalization patients. Re-suits 96 ectopic pregnancy patients including massive type 76(79.1%) ,diameter (47.6±18.4) mm;embryo sac type 20(20.9%) ,showed embryo sac structure in ectopic pregnancy area,saw pulsation in saccus vitellinus and fetus vascular color,diameter (12.86±6.85)mm. 94(97.9%) displayed Doppler signals in ectopic pregnancy area, and 89(92.7%)cases were detected low resistivity nutrient artery flow spectrum by PW, the PI average value was (0.46±0.03).96 ectopic pregnancy patients' blood β-HCG and P level were significant low(P<0.01). Conclusion TVCDS combining with detection of β-HCG and P can raise early diagnosis level of ectopie pregnancy.

As a major adhesion molecule of endothelial junction, vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) plays a very important role for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. It regulates infiltration of vascular endothelia on contents in plasma such as eukocytes and lipid, as well as cellular proliferation and apoptosis. It plays an important role by involving in angiogenesis in the multiple links of the process of atherosclerosis, This article reviews the recent progress in research on the effects and mechanisms of VE-cadherin in the occurrence and developmaent of atherosclerosis in recent years.

Taking 201 Hospital of PLA as an example, the paper introduces the design of interface betweenNo.1 Military Medical Projectand the New Rural Coadjutant Medical Care ( NRCMC) system from the aspects of interface system constitution and technical design, etc.The system runs smoothly since application, promotes business dealings between hospital and NRCMC center, and it is worth promotion.