BACKGROUND:The methods to remove the smear layer mainly include mechanical, Carisolv chemomechanical, laser, ozone methods and so on. But studies after caries removal are limited. At present, there is no research for the observation of the smear layer after caries removal using Er:YAG laser, Carisolv chemomechanical and traditional dental turbine.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the morphologic changes of the dentin smear layer after treated with the three methods of Er:YAG laser, Carisolv chemomechanical and traditional high speed dental turbine under a scanning electron microscope.
METHODS:Thirty newly removed premolars or molars with moderate caries were divided into three groups, 10 teeth in each group. The bottom surface of the tooth cavity was observed with the naked eyes after caries removal with Er:YAG laser, Carisolv chemomechanical and traditional dental turbine, respectively. Then, the surface was observed using the scanning electron microscope (magnification ×1 000 and ×2 000).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The texture of the tooth cavity was hard in the three groups. After caries removal, the dentin surface of Er:YAG laser group was rough and uneven, and showed a peak-like shape;The dentin surface of Carisolv chemomechanical group was dark and the bottom was flat;The dentin surface of traditional dental turbine group was smooth and bright, and there was an obvious cutting trace. It was found that the surface of Er:YAG laser group did not have the smear layer, and the dentinal tubule was clearly visible. The most dentinal tubules were visible in the Carisolv chemomechanical group, and the surface was covered with a less smear layer. The surface of the traditional dental turbine group was covered with a thick smear layer, and the dentinal tubule was unseen. The differences in dentin smear layer cleanliness were significant between the three groups. These result indicate that Er:YAG laser can effectively remove the smear layer, which is better than Carisolv chemomechanical method and traditional dental turbine. Traditional dental turbine group is the worst among the three methods.

Objective To study the effect of fissure sealant combined with fluorine-containing gel in the prevention of dental caries in children.Methods Totally 86 cases who came into our hospital for healthy check-up from June 2010 to June 2011 were slected,and they were divided into 3 groups according to a random number table.Children in fissure sealant group were given fissure sealant treatment,children in combined treatment group were given fluorine gel treatment in addition of fissure sealant,and children of the control group were given rou-tine oral care.Observed the caries average,adjacent surface caries and caries occurrence of the three groups,and observed the blocking agent of the fissure sealant group and the combined treatment group.Results Three years after the prophylactic treatment,the caries occurrence, adjacent surface caries and caries average of fissure sealant group and combined treatment group showed an obvious downward trend compared with those of the control group.But the caries occurrence,adjacent surface caries and caries average of combined treatment group were sig-nificantly lower than the fissure sealant group,with a statistically significant difference(P <0.05).In the follow-up of the first two years,the complete preservation rate of sealant in the combined treatment group was significantly higher than the fissure sealant group,while the partial and complete loss rate of sealant in the combined treatment group was significantly lower than the fissure sealant group,and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion Fissure sealant combined with fluorine-containing gel in the prevention of dental caries in children can receive good results,and it is worth of promotion.

Objective To analyse clinical characteristics and preventive methods of pregnancy-induced hypertensive severe pre-eclampsia with ascites.Methods 184 cases of patients with severe pre-eclampsia complicated with ascite were divided into two groups and the clinical characteristics were compared(severe pre-eclampsia complicated with ascite group,n=36;Severe pre-eclampsia group,n=148 cases).Results The average time of the termination of pregnancy was (34±4) weeks in severe pre-eclampsia complicated with ascites group,and (36±3) weeks in severe pre-eclampsia group (t=2.71,P＜0.01).There were 6 cases of intrauterine stillborn (16.67%),14 cases of neonatal mortality (38.89%);22 cases of premature labor (61.11%) in severe pre-eclampsia complicated with aacites group;There were 4 cases of intrauterine stillborn (2.7%);16 cases of neonatal mortality (10.81%);and 35 cases of premature labor (23.65%) in severe pre-eclampsia group (X~2=10.99,16.73,19.01,P＜0.001).There were differences in the total protein,albumin,white/ball ratio,lactic acid dehydregenase,serum creatinine,24-hour urinary protein between the two groups [total protein:(51.68±6.08) g/L vs (59.34±8.28)g/L,albumin:(24.32±4.06) g/L vs (32.16±5.63) g/L,white/ball ratio:(0.92±0.26) vs (1.16±0.26),lactic acid dehydrogenase:(495.87±312.56) U/L vs (323.81±185.00) U /L,serum creatinine:(131.62±95.34) μmol/L vs (91.52±86.83) μmol/L,24 h urinary protein(4.21±3.51)g/24 h vs (2.38±2.57)g/24h,t=6.17,8.77,5.50,4.79,2.72,3.98,P＜0.05 or ＜0.01].Conclusion Tbe condition of severe pre-eclampsia with ascites is extremely serious,so pregnancy should be timely terminated.The aacites can be dissipated after delivery.Early,systematic and regular prenatal care can prevent severe pre-eclampsia and complications in time.

The researches that stroke was treated by cluster needling of scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation in the past 10 years were reviewed, noting that it can significantly reduce the dysfunctions in stroke patients, prompting that the cluster needling of scalp acupuncture and modern rehabilitation techniques was combined, was a new method for stroke rehabilitation treatment.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the international prognosis indexes(IPT) and the cell-mediated immunity condition in DLBCL patients. Methods52 DLBCL patients were divided into 4 groups and the FCM was used to examine the T lymphocyte subsets,including CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、NK cells.T lymphocyte subsets absolute value and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were examined. Correlation with IPI were compared among groups.ResultsCD3+ cells in high risk group [(1570.9±370.5)/μl]were higher than other IPI groups;CD4+ cells in DLBCL groups were all lower than normal group(751.3±367.4)/μl]; CD8+ cells in high risk group [(1055.9±523.8)/μl] were higher than other groups; CD4+/CD8+ ratio in middle-high risk group and high risk group (1.0±0.2、0.7±1.0)were lower than other IPI groups and normal group;NK cells in middle-high risk group and high risk group were lower than the normal group[(199.5±68.4)/μl、(171.9±126.9)/μl];Age,clinical stage,body state had correlated with the CD3+ 、CD8+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio of the DLBCL patients' peripheralblood T lymphosyte subsets. ConclusionsThe immunity condition in DLBCL patients has correlated with IPI; With increasing IPI value,the immunity depression and disorder become more serious,NK cells function become worse,and the prognosis is bad too.

Objective To explore the content of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in different clinical stages and analyze their clinical significance.Methods Sixty-two DLBCL patients were divided into 3 groups according to clinical stages:stage Ⅱ group (21 cases),stage Ⅲ group (21 cases ),stage Ⅳ group (20 cases).Thirty healthy examiners were selected as control group.Two ml peripheral blood was taken from every person.Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+) and NK cell count were detected by flow cytometry(FCM) and CD4+/CD8+ was calculated.Results CD3+ in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups[(854.6 ± 276.9 ) × 106/L,(823.3 ± 211.5)× 106/L] were lower than those in control group[(1268.8 ±684.0) × 106/L] and stage Ⅳ group [(1332.7 ±571.2) × 106/L](P ＜ 0.05).CD4+ in stage Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ groups [(433.5 ± 240.7) × 106/L,(423.8 ± 234.8) ×106/L,(423.0 ± 143.8 ) × 106/L] were lower than those in control group [(751.3 ± 367.4) × 106/L] (P ＜0.05).CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ in stageⅣ group [(861.2 ±634.1) × 106/L,0.5 ±0.3] were significantly higher than those in control group [(455.9 ± 334.6) × 106/L,2.1 ± 1.3],stage Ⅱ group [(390.6 ± 54.1 ) × 106/L,1.0 ±0.8] and stageⅢ group [(377.4 ±493) × 106/L,0.9 + 0.6](P＜0.05).NK cell in stage Ⅳgroup was obviously lower than that in control group[(210.3 ± 122.0) × 106/L vs.(353.3 ± 284.7) × 106/L,P＜ 0.05].And the higher clinical stage was,the lower NK cell was.Conclusions With the clinical stage increasing,the immunity depression and disorder of DLBCL patients become more and more serious,the more tumor burden is,the worse NK cell activity is.

Objective To understand the fairness of health resources of endemic diseases institutions in Henan Province,to provide evidence for endemic allocation of health resources for the government.Methods Health-related data resources in endemic disease prevention and control institutions were collected in Henan Province,including personnel,business space area,the value of equipment,and health funding,etc.The percentages of population distribution and geographical distribution of health resources were calculated; Lorenz curves of demographic fairness and geographic fairness were drawn.According to Lorenz curve (Gini coefficients of the population and the geographical distribution were calculated based on Lorenz curve),Gini coefficients were used to evaluate the fairness of the endemic disease prevention institutions for health resource allocation.Results As can be seen from Lorenz curve,the population fairness of endemic disease prevention and health personnel was the best,but the number of senior officers was less and the total value of equipment owned was low.The geographical fairness of all the indicators of health resources was poorer,and geographic fairness among senior officers was the worst.The Gini coefficient of health technical personnel,senior personnel,undergraduate or above personnel,value of equipments,area of business room and health funding allocation determined by the population distribution was less than 0.4.The health resources were relatively fair and reasonable according to the distribution of population.The Gini coefficients of all the indicators determined by the distribution of geography were higher than those determined by the distribution of population.Furthermore,the geographic Gini coefficient of senior personnel was above 0.4 which was in the vigilance state.Conclusions The equality of health resources determined by population distribution in the institutions for endemic diseases control in Henan is superior to those determined by geographic distribution.The allocations of health resources of endemic diseases control in different areas are unbalanced.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of COBIO XS automated urine sediment analyzer for screening urinary tract infection(UTI) .Methods Midstream urine samples were collected from 182 patients with suspected UTI .White blood cell counts(WBC) and bacteria counts(BACT) were determined by COBIO XS automated urine sediment analyzer .By comparing with quantitative urine culture as the golden standard of UTI .The area under the ROC curve(AUC) was constructed to evaluate the dis‐criminative power of variables to predict UTI .Results The positive rate of urine culture was 30 .8% .The isolated rate of Esche‐richia coli ,Enterococcus species and proteus species were 53 .6% ,16 .1% ,10 .7% ,respectively .ROC curve analysis showed that AUC was 0 .808(95% CI 0 .710-0 .867) for WBC and 0 .899(95% CI 0 .797 -0 .923) for BACT .The best cutoff value for WBC was 50/μL ,sensitivity was 89 .0% ,specificity was 83 .8% ,positive predictive value was 86 .3% and negative predictive value was 93 .7% .The best cutoff value for BACT was 110/μL ,sensitivity was 82 .5% ,specificity was 85 .6% ,positive predictive value was 78 .5% and negative predictive value was 88 .0% .Conclusion COBIO XS analyzer is adopted to conduct rapid and reliable a screen‐ing tool for UTI .

Objective: When the region of interest is somewhere in the middle of the volumetric data, it will be occluded by other regions of the volumetric data and will be hard to see in the reconstruction of volume rendering. In order to provide doctor with comprehensive, visual and accurate diagnostic information, fast volume dipping of medical images on GPU is proposed in the paper. Methods: The rapid volume clipping is achieved by combining the dipping algorithm with the fast volume rendering algorithm based on GPU. The technique is based on fast volume tendering of medical images on GPU. It works as follows: The space information of the section plane is sent to the shader. Then compare the position of the volume data sets with the section plane to decide whether the data is clipped or not. Our algorithm is different from the algorithm that clipping based on depth stencil. We can see the result that reconstructed from the data sets that remained from any position as long as the section plane is defined. Results: According to the shape the users defined, our algorithm can decide which parts of the volume have to be clipped. Because of using the general graphics hardware acecleration, the proposed method achieves interactive display rate. Conclusions: The experiment shows that the algorithm is significantly fast and can meet the requirements of real-time interactive rendering on the premise of ensuring imaging quality and can be used in surgery simulation and so on.

Objective T o explore the crim inal characteristics of forensic psychiatry expertise in depression patients and schizophrenics w ith hom icide behavior. Methods A total of 40 depression (depressive episode) patients and 50 schizophrenics w ith hom icide behavior w ere random ly assigned into the study group and control group, respectively. D ata of dem ographic and crim inal characteristic of the tw o groups w ere collected by a self-designed questionnaire, and then w ere com pared. Results T here w ere no statis-tical differences in age, education level and career betw een study and control groups (P>0.05). C om pared w ith the control group, the victim s in the study group w ere m ainly the patient's children and parents, and m ost offenders had suicidal behavior after hom icide (70% ). In study group, the m otives of crim e w ere m ainly extended suicide and indirect suicide, and m ost offenders had attem pted suicide (85% ) and dim inished capacity of crim inal responsibility (70% ), w hich in control group had no capacity of crim inal responsibility (56% ). E xcept for crim inal site, there w ere statistical differences in other crim inal charac-teristics betw een tw o groups (P<0.05). Conclusion T here are different crim inal characteristics betw een de-pression patients and schizophrenics w ith hom icide behavior in forensic psychiatry, and these characteris-tics should be considered w hen these tw o diagnoses are distinguished in forensic psychiatry expertise.