Objective:To retrospectively review the clinical outcome of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) for patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).Methods:Data of 242 patients(288eyes) at Beijing Tongren Eye Center from 2002 to 2006 were retrospectively reviewed.According to the B-mode ultrasonic observation before surgery and ocular fundus during surgery,the reviewed cases were divided into four groups: vitreous hemorrhage but without retinal detachments,extensive fibrovascular vitreous membranes with limited traction retinal detachment but not involving the macular area,traction retinal detachment involving the macular,and combined phacoemusification and PPV.Results:Visual improvements were as follows: 84.9% in the group of patients with vitreous hemorrhage without retinal detachments(groupⅠ),81.1% in the group of patients with extensive fibrovascular vitreous membranes with limited traction retinal detachment but not involving the macular area(groupⅡ),41.9% in the group of patients with traction retinal detachment involving the macular(groupⅢ),and 72% in the group of patients with combined phacoemusification and PPV(groupⅣ).The visual improvement between groupⅠ and groupⅡ had no statistical difference through ?2 test(?2=0.529,P=0.467),while the visual improvement difference of group,Ⅱand Ⅳ had statistical significance(P=0.000 1,0.000 1,0.016 respectively).Conclusion:Pars plana vitrectomy is an effective treatment for PDR and the treatment may acquire an ideal vision prognosis as the macular area is not obviously involved.

AIM: To study the technological parameters of the purification process of total flavonoids of Crataegus leaves with HPD-600 macroreticular resin. METHODS: Using orthogonal experiments,the adsorptive characteristics and elutive parameters of the process were studied by taking the elutive effects and purification ratio of total flavonoids of Crataegus leaves. RESULTS: Two significant factors which were the concentration of crude flavonoids solvent and elutant component were observed. CONCLUSION: The microwave-assisted extraction and purification process with macroreticular resin is employed,the content of total flavonoids is 80.75%, the rutin content is (1.38)%, The macroreticular resin can be used in the purification of flavonoids of Crataegus leaves.

Objective To determine the risk factors of light perception and no light perception appearenee after vitrectomy for pro-liferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Design Retrospective, noncomparative case series. Participants 242 patients (288 eyes) who un-derwent vitrectomy for PDR. Methods 288 eyes of participants from 2002 to 2006 at Beijing Tongren Eye Center were reviewed. Cases that had postoperative visual acuity of light perception (LP) and no light perception (NLP) were recorded and PDR stages, traction reti-nal detachment involving macula, postoperative retinal detachment, postoperative vitreous hemorrhage, postoperative neovascular glauco-ma and re-operations were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures Postoperative complications, PDR stage, macular disorder. Results Subjects were divided into two groups. LP/NLP group included eyes that had postoperative visual acuity of light perception and no light perception (totally 14 eyes in this group). Another group (control group) included eyes that had postoperative visual acuity of hand mo-tion or better (totally 274 eyes in this group). When compared with control group, the LP/NLP group had significantly higher prevalence of PDR 6, traction retinal detachment involving macula, postoperative retinal detachment, postoperative vitreous hemorrhage, postopera-tive neovascular glaucoma and reoperation (P value was 0.042, 0.048, 0.048, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, respectively). Conclusion Risk factors of light perception and no light perception after vitrectomy for PDR include PDR stage 6, traction retinal detachment involving macula, postoperative retinal detachment, postoperative, vitreous hemorrhage, postoperative neovascular glaucoma and re-operation. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2009, 18: 251-253)

Objective To study the feasibility of TNF-α promoting migration of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to local damaged tissues. Methods The MSCs was exposed to TNF-α at different concentrations and the expression rate of surface adheslon molecules and specific markers as well as their adhesion to endothelial cells were detected.Based on the above steps,the MSCs stimulated with the optimal concentration of TNF-α were obtained and were injected intravenously to the rats whose hindlimbs experienced ischemia damage.The rats were executed for achieving the muscle samples in the ischemic area,which were made into frozen section to count the number of MSCs. Results ( 1 ) Twenty-four hours after the TNF-o stimulation,the expression of adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) of MSCs increased in a concentration-dependent manner,while the expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1,L-Selectin and VLA4) of MSCs showed no significant changes.Besides,the expression rate of specific markers of MSCs was also obscure.(2) Exposed to 10 ng/ml TNF-o,MSCs presented an obviously increased ability in adhesion to the endothelial cells.(3) MSCs stimulated with 10 ng/ml TNF-α showed a larger number in the ischemia-damaged tissue of rat hindlimbs than that in the control group. Conclusion TNF-α at concentration of 10 ng/ml is effective within a short term in increasing VCAM-1 expression in rat MSCs and promoting the adhesion of MSCs to endothelial cells without affecting their character.

BACKGROUND: Following bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) infusion therapy, which factor promotes BMMSCs migrated to correct position is a key point, currently, adhesion molecule is thought to be playing an important role in mediating BMMSCs migration. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in rat BMMSCs. METHODS: BMMSCs were in vitro separated from rat bone marrow by directly adherence method. The expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were identified by using immunocytochemical staining, and the expression rates of antigen were tested by flow cytometry, in addition, their mRNA expressions were measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that BMMSCs weakly expressed VCAM-1, but strong expressed ICAM-1. Flow cytometry showed that the expression rate of VCAM-1 was 6%, and the expression rate of ICAM-1 was 100%. RT-PCR showed that BMMSCs expressed a low level of VCAM-1 mRNA but a high level of ICAM-1 mRNA. It revealed under physiological condition, BMMSCs expressed a low level of VCAM-1, whereas they expressed a high level of ICAM-1.

Objective To explore the effect of Flavokawain B on the proliferation and apoptosis of acute T lymphoblastic leukemia(T -ALL)cells and its preliminary mechanism.Methods After the T -ALL cell lines CEM-C7(sensitive to glucocorticoids)and MOLT -4(resistant to glucocorticoids)cells were treated with different concentrations of Flavokawain B,the influence of Flavokawain B on the growth rate and doubling time of CEM-C7 and MOLT -4 cells was observed by 3 -(4,5 -dimethylthiazol -2 -yl)-5 -(3 -carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2 -(4 -sulfophenyl)-2H -tetrazolium(MTS)assay,and apoptosis was analyzed by using flow cytometry.Furthermore,Wes-tern blot assay was used to detect the expressions of Bim,Bcl -2 and cleaved Caspase -9.At last,the expressions of Bim and Bcl -2 in clinical T -ALL patient samples were also detected by using Western blot assay.Results MTS as-say showed that Flavokawain B significantly inhibited the cellular proliferation of T -ALL cell lines in a dose and time dependent manner(P <0.01 ).Flow cytometry findings revealed that Flavokawain B significantly induced the apoptosis of T -ALL cells in a dose -dependent manner(P <0.001 ).Western blot results indicated that Flavokawain B in-creased the expression of Bim and cleaved Caspase -9,and decreased the expression of Bcl -2 in T -ALL cell lines, which increased Bim and decreased Bcl -2 in clinical T -ALL patients samples,both in a dose -dependent manner. Conclusions Flavokawain B can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of T -ALL cells by up -regulating the expression of Bim and down -regulating the expression of Bcl -2 and activating Caspase -9,whether resistant to glu-cocorticoids or not.

Objective: To establish a quantitative model for evaluating the degree of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes often seen in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: Medical literature concerning clinical investigation of TCM syndromes of CHD was collected and organized, and the "Hall for Workshop of Metasynthetic Engineering" expert symposium method was applied. First, the 100 millimeter scaling was used for combining with scoring on degree of symptoms to establish a quantitative criterion for classification of symptom degree in CHD patients, and the model was established by using comprehensive analytic hierarchy process as the mathematical tool to estimate the weight of the criterion for evaluating qualitative syndromes in various layers by specialists. Then the model was verified in clinical practice and the outcomes were compared with fuzzy evaluation from the specialists. Results: A total of 287 clinical observation forms on CHD cases were collected, and 167 forms were available after excluding any irregular forms. The results showed that basic coincidence rate between the outcomes derived from specialists and those from the model was 68.26% (114/167), and part coincidence rate was 88.62%(148/167). Conclusion: This model, with good rationality and feasibility, has a high coincidence rate with fuzzy evaluation from specialists, and can be promoted in clinical practice. It is a good quantitative model for evaluating the degree of TCM syndromes of CHD.

BACKGROUND: Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a severe congenital disorder characterized by vaginal hypoplasia caused by dysplasia of the Müllerian duct. Patients with MRKH syndrome often require nonsurgical or surgical treatment to achieve satisfactory vaginal length and sexual outcomes. The extracellular matrix has been successfully used for vaginal reconstruction. METHODS: In this study, we developed a new biological material derived from porcine vagina (acellular vaginal matrix, AVM) to reconstruct the vagina in Bama miniature pigs. The histological characteristics and efficacy of acellularization of AVM were evaluated, and AVM was subsequently transplanted into Bama miniature pigs to reconstruct the vaginas. RESULTS: Macroscopic analysis showed that the neovaginas functioned well in all Bama miniature pigs with AVM implants. Histological analysis and electrophysiological evidence indicated that morphological and functional recovery was restored in normal vaginal tissues. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the neovaginas had mucosal folds characteristics of normal vagina. No significant differences were observed in the expression of CK14, HSP47, and a-actin between the neovaginas and normal vaginal tissues. However, the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) was significantly lower in the neovaginas than in normal vaginal tissues. In addition, AVM promoted the expression of b-catenin, c-Myc, and cyclin D1. These results suggest that AVM might promotes vaginal regeneration by activating the b-catenin/cMyc/cyclin D1 pathway. CONCLUSION This study reveals that porcine-derived AVM has potential application for vaginal regeneration.