Caveolin-1 is an important surface structural marker of Caveolae. It is closely involved in the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, signal transduction and multi-drug resistance of various tumor cells. Recent studies have found that altered Caveolin-1 expression has dual roles, as a tumor suppressor and promoter, in different stages of gastrointestinal cancer development and progression. The exact mechanisms of Caveolin-1s' involvement in the development of gastrointestinal cancer remain to be clarified and have attracted the attention of a lot of researchers.

Objective To investigate the relationships of HGF , c-Met expression and clinicopathological factors with liver metastasis of gastric cancer. Methods The tissues of primary tumors and corresponding liver metastasis were collected to detect the expression of HGF and c-Met by immunohistochemistry. Results The positive rates of HGF in the experimental group and the control group were 68% and 60%, respectively , with significant differences between two groups. The positive rates of c-Met of the two groups were 86% and 68%, respectively, with a significant difference between two groups. Lymph node metastasis, high expression of HGF and c-Met were significantly associated with liver metastasis of gastric cancer. The depth of invasion of bowel wall and degree of differentiation were not associated with the liver metastasis of gastric cancer. Conclusion High expressions of HGF and c-Met are closely associated with the liver metastasis mechanism of gastric cancer. The c-Met might be a useful indicator of liver metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.

Virus-based anti-tumor therapies are novel biological treatments. Viral vectors can infect tumors to kill cancers directly (on-colysis), act as cancer vaccines to activate the immune system, and deliver genes with anti-tumor activity to the cancer cells. Genetic engineering has been applied to viruses to achieve more specific and efficient cancer treatment. Simultaneously, a reasonable combi-nation of viral vectors and existing anti-tumor therapy can improve the therapeutic effect. Consequently, virus-based therapy is expect-ed to serve as an effective anti-tumor strategy. We reviewed recent studies on the anti-tumor viral therapy of colorectal carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing the recurrence or metastasis of the postoperative patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumor. Methods: Sixty-eight postoperative patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumor were studied with 18F-FDG PET/CT, and serum CEA and CA19-9 were assayed. Results: Thirty-seven patients were found to be recurrent or metastatic. The sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT detection were 97.3% and 96.8%,and the positive rates of PET/CT combined with CEA and CA19-9 were 100% and 97.8%.Conclusion: PET/CT has a higher sensitivity and specificity than tumor marker detection in assessment of recurrence and metastasis.

Objective:To investigate therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of action of oncolytic agent derived from herpes simplex virus type 2 (oHSV2) in a xenograft mouse model bearing CT26 colorectal cancer. Methods:BALB/c mice were subcutaneously inoculated with CT26 cells to establish a xenograft mouse model of colorectal cancer. 1) After intratumoral administration of oHSV2, enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay was used to determine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression levels in the blood. 2) Model mice were divided into three groups:PBS group (negative control), oHSV2 group, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) group (positive control). After drug administration, drug effectiveness was evaluated on the basis of weight, tumor volume, general state, and survival time. 3) Cells from the draining lymph nodes (TDLN) and tumor were surgical y removed and used to quantify mature dendritic cel s (DCs) and T lym-phocytes by flow cytometry. Result:1) In the CT26 xenograft model, level of GM-CSF continuously elevated. At day 8, peak value was attained in the blood at concentration of 3150±327.1 pg/mL. Then, GM-CSF expression gradually reduced as time progressed. 2) In in vivo study, both oHSV2 and 5-FU exerted antitumor effects relative to PBS group (50 days vs. 36 days, P<0.01;51 days vs. 36 days, P<0.01), and oHSV2 proved to be less toxic and safer. At day 28, the 5-FU group presented highly significant difference in mouse body weight compared with that of PBS group (16.61 g vs. 22.07 g, P<0.01). However, oHSV2 group did not show statistical y significant change (al P>0.05). Skin of virus injection region did not present necrosis and ulceration. 3) In the TDLN, the frequency of DC was increased when treated with oHSV2 compared with the control group (6.49%vs. 3.73%, P<0.01). Similarly, the percentage of CD4+and CD8+T-cel s from the oHSV2-treated group was signifcantly higher than mock-treated tumors (15%vs. 8.57%, P<0.01;8.19%vs. 5.15%, P<0.01). However, number of cells in the 5-FU group were significantly reduced with respect to that of the negative group (al P<0.01). Conclusion:oHSV2 exerted potent antitumor effects in a murine colorectal cancer model. Compared with 5-FU, oHSV2 treatment caused fewer side effects. Such antitumor effect may be induced by stimulation of immune activity by GM-CSF production.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between expression of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) and its receptor c-Met and primary colorectal cancers with synchronous liver metastases.

METHODSA total of 30 colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis underwent radical resection of primary cancer and liver cancer in our hospital from June 2001 to June 2010. According to lymphatic metastasis, patients were divided into group A(T1~T4N1~N2M1, n=21) and group B(T1~T4N0M1, n=9). Twenty-one matched T1~T4N1~N2M0 and 21 T1~T4N0M0 patients were used as the controls of group A. Nine matched T1~T4N0M0 patients were used as the controls of group B. Expressions of HGF and c-Met in tissues of primary loci, liver loci and metastatic loci were detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIn primary loci of group A, the positive rate of HGF was significantly higher than that of T1~T4N1~N2M0 and T1~T4N0M0 controls [71%(15/21) vs. 43%(9/21), 19%(4/21), all P<0.05]. The positive rate of c-MET[90%(19/21)] was significantly higher compared to T1~T4N0M0 control[43%(9/21), P<0.05], while not significantly different compared to T1~T4N1~N2M0 control[86%(18/21)]. In primary loci of group B, positive rates of HGF and c-MET were not significantly different as compared to T1~T4N0M0 control[6/9 vs. 5/9, P>0.05; 8/9 vs. 6/9, P>0.05]. Concordance of HGF and c-MET expression in group A among primary loci, lymphatic metastatic loci and hepatic metastatic loci was 81%(17/21) and 76%(16/21).

CONCLUSIONHGF-c-Met may play a role in colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis who have regional lymphatic metastasis, and may have few effect on colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastasis without corresponding lymphatic metastasis.

Adult ; Aged ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; secondary ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ; metabolism

Objective To assess the clinical significance of fetal pyelectasis and its changing in utero. Methods One hundred and ninty-seven isolated pyelectasis cases were retrospective reviewed from Jan 2012 to Jul 2014.Isolated pyelectasis was defined as a renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter (RPAPD)of ≥5 mm without other fetal anomaly in second trimester.Persistent or progressive pyelectasis was defined as a RPAPD of ≥10 mm before delivery.They were divided into two groups according to the size of renal pelvis in second trimester:group A (RPAPD 5 - 10 mm)and group B (RPAPD ≥ 10 mm).As the same,there were two groups after 32 weeks of gestation:group C (RPAPD < 10 mm)and group D (RPAPD ≥ 10 mm).Results Totally 1 54 cases were followed up.There were 1 88 cases (95.4%)in group A,with 41 cases lost,141 cases (95.9%)RPAPD <10 mm,6 cases (4.1 %)RPAPD ≥10 mm before delivery.There were 9 cases (4.6%)in group B,with 2 cases lost,remained 7 cases RPAPD ≥ 10 mm before delivery. Conclusions Although most of the fetuses with RPAPD 5 - 10 mm in second trimester will remain the same or resolved before delivery,those with RPAPD ≥ 10 mm may persistent or progress.Prenatal assessment of fetal renal pelvis may provide properly consultation.

Objective To investigate the association between expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c-Met and primary colorectal cancers with synchronous liver metastases. Methods A total of 30 colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis underwent radical resection of primary cancer and liver cancer in our hospital from June 2001 to June 2010. According to lymphatic metastasis, patients were divided into group A(T1~T4N1~N2M1, n=21) and group B(T1~T4N0M1, n=9). Twenty-one matched T1~T4N1~N2M0 and 21 T1~T4N0M0 patients were used as the controls of group A. Nine matched T1~T4N0M0 patients were used as the controls of group B. Expressions of HGF and c-Met in tissues of primary loci, liver loci and metastatic loci were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results In primary loci of group A, the positive rate of HGF was significantly higher than that of T1~T4N1~N2M0 and T1~T4N0M0 controls [71%(15/21) vs. 43%(9/21), 19%(4/21), all P<0.05]. The positive rate of c-MET [90%(19/21)] was significantly higher compared to T1~T4N0M0 control [43%(9/21), P<0.05], while not significantly different compared to T1~T4N1~N2M0 control [86%(18/21)]. In primary loci of group B, positive rates of HGF and c-MET were not significantly different as co mpared to T1~T4N0M0 control[6/9 vs. 5/9, P>0.05;8/9 vs. 6/9, P>0.05]. Concordance of HGF and c-MET expression in group A among primary loci, lymphatic metastatic loci and hepatic metastatic loci was 81%(17/21) and 76%(16/21). Conclusion HGF-c-Met may play a role in colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis who have regional lymphatic metastasis, and may have few effect on colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastasis without corresponding lymphatic metastasis.

Objective To investigate the association between expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c-Met and primary colorectal cancers with synchronous liver metastases. Methods A total of 30 colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis underwent radical resection of primary cancer and liver cancer in our hospital from June 2001 to June 2010. According to lymphatic metastasis, patients were divided into group A(T1~T4N1~N2M1, n=21) and group B(T1~T4N0M1, n=9). Twenty-one matched T1~T4N1~N2M0 and 21 T1~T4N0M0 patients were used as the controls of group A. Nine matched T1~T4N0M0 patients were used as the controls of group B. Expressions of HGF and c-Met in tissues of primary loci, liver loci and metastatic loci were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results In primary loci of group A, the positive rate of HGF was significantly higher than that of T1~T4N1~N2M0 and T1~T4N0M0 controls [71%(15/21) vs. 43%(9/21), 19%(4/21), all P<0.05]. The positive rate of c-MET [90%(19/21)] was significantly higher compared to T1~T4N0M0 control [43%(9/21), P<0.05], while not significantly different compared to T1~T4N1~N2M0 control [86%(18/21)]. In primary loci of group B, positive rates of HGF and c-MET were not significantly different as co mpared to T1~T4N0M0 control[6/9 vs. 5/9, P>0.05;8/9 vs. 6/9, P>0.05]. Concordance of HGF and c-MET expression in group A among primary loci, lymphatic metastatic loci and hepatic metastatic loci was 81%(17/21) and 76%(16/21). Conclusion HGF-c-Met may play a role in colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis who have regional lymphatic metastasis, and may have few effect on colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastasis without corresponding lymphatic metastasis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression level of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in human colorectal cancer and its relation with different clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of colorectal cancer patients.

METHODSImmunohistochemical method was used to detect the HMGB1 expression in tissue samples of 86 colorectal cancer patients and 32 normal colorectal tissue samples. Positive rates of HMGB1 expression were compared among different clinicopathological characteristics. Relation of HMGB1 expression with survival was analyzed.

RESULTSHMGB1 expression was mainly in colorectal cancer cell nucleus, with a few appearance of co-expression in nucleus and cytoplasm. Positive rate of HMGB1 expression in normal tissues was significantly lower than that in colorectal cancers [9.4% (3/32) vs. 66.3% (57/86), P=0.000], and it was much higher in large cancers, lower differentiation, invasion to outside serosa, advanced clinical stage and lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05), but was similar in terms of age and gender (P>0.05). Survival analysis showed that 3-year survival rate of patients with positive HMGB1 expression was significantly lower as compared to those with negative HMGB1 expression (56.1% vs. 85.7%, P=0.021), meanwhile it was significantly lower in patients with co-expression in nucleus and cytoplasm as compared to those with simple nuclear expression (41.4% vs. 75.0%, P=0.013).

CONCLUSIONSHMGB1 expression in colorectal cancer is high, and its positive rate increases with the low differentiation, invasion and metastasis. HMGB1 co-expression in nucleus and cytoplasm indicates poor prognosis of colorectal cancer patients.

Cell Nucleus ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; HMGB1 Protein ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate