[Objective] To observe the effect of medical ozone on cartilage in the model of osteoarthritis(OA)to explore its therapeutic mechanism.[Method] Forty healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into five groups :A(group normal)、B(group model)、C(group air),D(group O2~O3 35 ?g/ml)and E(group O2~O3 70 ?g/ml)(n=8 in each group).The OA model was duplicated by performed anterior eruciate ligament transection(ACLT)and partial meniscectomy of 1/3 inside.Air was injected into joints of group C,according to concentration different,which O2~O3 35 ?g/ml and O2~O3 70 ?g/ml were respectively injected into joints to D and E group every other day,every time 1～1.5 ml,and after a week injected again.After the model was successfully made,the condylar cartilage of femur was excised after 4 weeks for the observation by transmissive microscope of HE staining.Mankin's index was recorded.At the end of the experiment,douche fluid of the diseased joints were obtained for the measurements of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA).[Result]The OA model in B group founded obviously degenerative changes under microscopy,resulting in mostly blue and green color destaining of Masson staining at superficial cartilage.The activity of SOD in the douche fluid of the diseased joints degraded and the quantity of MDA in the serum in the OA model group increased.The Mankin's index in the group D was significantly higher than that in the group B、 C(P

Objective To evaluate the indications,complications and efficacy of permanent interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer. Methods Five patients (mean age,73 years;range,59~84 years) with clinically localized stage T 2b to T 3 adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated with iodine-125 brachytherapy using the transrectal ultrasound guided transperineal implantation technique and Prowess 2.42 treatment planning system.The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 18 months. Results After implantation,the PSA levels of the 5 patients were decreased significantly and were all less than 0.5 ng/ml at 12th post-implant month;and the prostate volume shrunk from the third month. In the early period after the implantation all the patients complained of some voiding problems and had a noticed increase of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS),with the decrease of urinary flow rate.But the conditions improved gradually from the third month. No serious complications such as hematuria, bloody stool and rectal ulcer were found in this group. Conclusions Permanent interstitial brachytherapy has better efficacy,fewer complications and more radiation safety in the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of needling bilateral points Hegu (LI 4) before colonoscopy on the examined patients and the time of inserting colonoscope. Methods: 185 patients to receive colonoscopy were randomly divided into an acupuncture group (93 cases) and a control group (92 cases) in order of examination. Bilateral points Hegu (LI 4) were needled before colonoscopy in the acupuncture group. No preventive measures were taken in the control group.Pain grades during the period that colonoscope passes the sigmoid and transverse colons were observed and the time of inserting colonoscope was recorded. Results: One hundred and sixty-five patients underwent colonoscopic insertion successfully, which were taken as the effective cases. Of them, 84 cases were in the acupuncture group and 81 cases in the control group. Statistics indicated that pain grades during colonoscope's passing the sigmoid and transverse colons were significantly lower in the acupuncture group than in the control group (P＜ 0.01); the time of inserting colonoscope was significantly shorter in the acupuncture group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion: Needling bilateral points Hegu(LI 4) before colonoscopy can effectively relieve the patients'discomfort and shorten the colonoscopic time during the examination.

Objective To study the role of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(P38 MAPK) activation in high level glucose-induced microvascular hyperpermeability.Methods Rats were induced to diabetis by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ).The rats were divided into 5 groups,including normal,diabetes,control,MKK6b(A) and MKK6b(E) groups.The permeability coefficient to albumin(Pa) was measured in venules of in vivo mesenterium using a fluorescence ratio technique;Morphological changes of microvascular endothelial cell were monitored by observing fluorescence of F-actin stained with rhodamine-phalloidin.Results The permeability of diabetic rats was obviously increased.The activation of P38 MAPK by MKK6b(E) could increase microvascular permeability in normal rats,and the inhibition of P38 MAPK by MKK6b(A) could inhibit hyperpermeability of diabetic rats.Conclusion The activation of P38 MAPK induced by hyperglycemia may play a role in diabetic microvascular hyperpermeability.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of tolterodine on late-onset overactive bladder symptoms after prostate brachytherapy due to prostate carcinoma.Methods Twenty-six prostate cancer patients diagnosed by biopsy,who underwent prostate brachytherapy using iodine-125,were recrui(t)ed in this trial.All cascs complained of overactive bladder symptoms 6 months postoperatively.The 26 patients were divided into 2 groups:14 men in tolterodine group (TR group) who were given tolterodine 2 mg twice a day; 12 men in tamsulosin group (TS group) who were given tamsulosin 0.2 mg once a day.Efficacy was assessed by changes in IPSS,OABSS and nighttime voiding at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after medical treatment respectively.Safety was assessed by postvoid residual (PVR) and acute urinary retention (AUR),dry mouth,constipation and tachycardia at the fourth week after medical treatment.Results The age,tumor staging,GS,PSA,initial prostate volume,IPSS,OABSS,nighttime voiding,iodine-125 seeds implanted and needles punctured of both groups were comparable.IPSS,OABSS and nighttime voiding were significantly improved in TR group after 2 weeks of medical treatment and the above parameters were significantly improved than TS group (14.4 vs 18.3,5.9 vs8.4,1.4 vs2.5).OAB symptoms of TR group were also significantly improved than TS group after 4 weeks of therapy.There were no significant differences of PVR and AUR,dry mouth,constipation and tachycardia between both groups.Conclusions Tolterodine is effective and safe in treating late-onset OAB symptoms after prostate brachytherapy,although the occurence of dry mouth and tachycardia might be increased.

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of extraosseous findings on integrated CT images of routine SPECT/CT bone imaging and its clinical incremental values. Methods A total of 843 patients (470 males, 373 females, age range: 26-92 years) who underwent SPECT/CT bone imaging during May 2013 to December 2015 were enrolled in this retrospective study. A modified C-RADS was used to classify the extraosseous findings to E1, E2, E3 and E4. χ2 test was used for data analysis. Results The CT images in 78.6%(663/843) of patients were normal or with no additional clinical significance (E1 and E2), and those in 21.4%(180/843) of patients might need further assessment (E3 and E4). The rate of E4 extraosseous findings in patients with malignancy was higher than that in patients without malignancy: 9.5%(59/622) vs 5.0%(11/221); χ2=4.352, P<0.05. There was no significant difference of the rate between genders: 8.5%(40/470) in males vs 8.0%(30/373) in females; χ2=0.510, P>0.05. With age increasing, the prevalence of E4 finding increased and the rate was the highest in the patients over 80 years old (125%, 16/128). Seventy patients had E4 findings and chest masses and nodules were the most common, followed by the abdominal or pelvis lymph node enlargements. Conclusions Potentially important extraosseous findings are common on SPECT/CT. Systematic reviewing CT images and communicating the important unexpected findings to clinical physicians could enhance its clinical incremental values.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of using dual laser system in off clamp nephronsparing surgery.Methods We used dual laser system in the patients who underwent off-clamp NSS between Jan 2016 and Apr 2016 in our institution.There were 16 males and 8 females with average age of 49 years.Mean tumor size was 1.9 cm (range 0.8-3.2 cm).The mean R.E.N.A.L.score was 3.8 (range 3-6).The mean Zhongshan score was 3.5(range 3-5).The mean ZⅡ(zero ischemia index)was 1.6(range 1-4).The Evolve Dual (980 nm/1 470 nm) laser system set at 60 W in continuous mode was used.Results Offclamp NSS was successfully performed in 22 patients except for renal artery occlusion in 2 case.Mean operative time was 74 min(range 50-100 min);The average estimated blood loss was 52.9 ml(range 10-200 ml);Mean postoperative drainage was 65.4 ml(range 20-150ml);Mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.2 days (range:4-7days).No severe post-operative complication was found.The mean pre-and postoperative serum creatinine levels were 76.2 μmol/L(range:48-112μ mol/L) and 81.5μ mol/L(range:54-122 μ mol/L) with no significant difference(P ＞0.05).The postoperative pathology indicated that 20 cases of clear cell carcinomas,3 cases of chromophobe renal cell carcinomas,one case of papillary carcinoma.Conclusions Dual laser system can be used in off clamp nephron-sparing surgery safely and effectively.

Objective To explore the immunomodulatory mechanism of 2-(-2-benzofuranyl )-2-imidazoline(2-BFI) in rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).Methods Fifty fe-male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups by random digit table , including con-trol group(n=10), EAE model group(n=10), low dose 2-BFI group(1.5 mg/kg, n=10), median dose 2-BFI group (3 mg/kg, n=10) and high dose 2-BFI group (6 mg/kg, n=10).The SD rat model of EAE was induced by immunizing with a guinea pigs′spinal cord homogenate ( GPSCH ) .The severity of EAE was scored according to the signs and symptoms .Pathological changes were observed through Hematoxylin-eosin staining, and then the degrees of inflammatory infiltration were evaluated .The number of activated neuroglia that expressed GFAP and iba 1 in lumbar cords was counted by immunohistochemistry .The expressions of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in cervical cords were measured by ELISA .Results Compared with EAE group, rats in the low, median and high dose 2-BFI treatment group had lower incidence of EAE , prolonged latency and decreased CNS inflammation , but only the median dose group showed significant alleviation in clinical symptoms and decrease in CNS inflammatory cell infiltration (P<0.05).Immunohistochemical re-sults showed that the numbers of activated microglia were significantly inhibited ,but the numbers of activated astroglia were increased in the rats treated with median dose of 2-BFI in comparison with the EAE group ( P<0.05).Results of ELISA demonstrated that expressions of IL-1βand IFN-γin 3 mg/kg 2-BFI treated group were significantly decreased compared with that in the EAE group (P<0.05), but expressions of IL-4 and IL-10 were remarkably increased(P<0.05).Conclusion 2-BFI at median dose of 3 mg/kg has a benefi-cial neuroprotective effect on rats with EAE , and its mechanism might be related to immunodulation .

Background and purpose:Postoperative sore throat (POST) is one of the common complaints of patients after radical thyroidectomy. Tracheal intubation is the main cause of POST. This study compared the effect of intubation with visual endoscopy and general laryngoscope on POST in patients undergoing radical thyroidectomy. Methods:One hundred patients (18-60 years, ASAⅠ-Ⅱ) undergoing elective radical thyroidectomy were randomized into two groups:patients in group A (n=50) were intubated with visual endoscope while patients in group B (n=50) were intubated with general laryngoscope. Endotracheal tube cuffs pressure was maintained at 20mmHg in all patients. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Bruggrmann comfort scale (BCS) were recorded at the time points of 1, 6 and 24 h after extubation. Results:Compared with group B, the incidence of POST in group A was signifcantly reduced (42%vs 64%, P=0.027). The VAS of group A was lower than that of group B (3.05±1.56 vs 4.25±1.30, 3.05±1.56 vs 4.01±1.98, 2.72±1.77 vs 3.31±1.12) (P<0.05). The BCS of group A was higher than that of group B (0.99±0.46 vs 0.69±0.30, 1.95±0.47 vs 1.51±0.58, 2.82±0.87 vs 2.31±0.72) (P<0.05). Conclusion:Using visual endoscopic intubation can reduce the incidence of the POST in patients undergoing radical thyroidectomy.