OBJECTIVETo compare the protein profiles between decapeptide-treated and untreated planktonic cells of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) by differential proteomic analysis to determine and identify the key proteins.

METHODSIn our previous study, we investigated decapeptide (KKVVFKVKFK-NH2), which was a novel adenosine monophosphate. Compared with other oral pathogens tested, decapeptide had a preferential antibacterial activity against S. mutans. It also inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation and reduced the one-day developed biofilm. In the present study, we first synthesized decapeptide, and then compared the protein profiles between decapeptide-treated and untreated planktonic cells of S. mutans by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We also verified different expressions of key protein enolase in the protein level.

RESULTSThe results showed that decapeptide altered the protein expression of planktonic S. mutans. These proteins were functionally involved in carbohydrate degradation by glycolysis, protein folding, conjunction, transport, translation, adenosine triphosphate binding, protein binding, sequence-specific DNA binding, transcription factor activity, and two-component response regulator activity. Western blot results showed that enolase protein expression decreased obviously in decapeptide-treated cells of S. mutans.

CONCLUSIONThe protein expression of S. mutans significantly changed after synthetic antimicrobial decapeptide treatment, suggesting that decapeptide may present a preferential effect on oral caries by changing the expression of certain key proteins, such as enolase protein.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Biofilms ; Dental Caries ; Depsipeptides ; genetics ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Oligopeptides ; genetics ; Proteomics ; Streptococcus mutans ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the clinical value of high frequency ultrasound in discovering secondary pathological changes in infant with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).Methods Thirtyfour infants with 36 dislocation hips were involved.Among them,32 were with unilateral dislocation of hip joint,2 were with bilateral dislocation of hip joint.High frequency ultrasound were used to observe the morphological changes of hip glenoid labrum,adipose hyperplasia in acetabulum,thickness variation of articular capsule,and development of the ossification center of the femoral head.Besides,the morphological changes of hip glenoid labrum and adipose hyperplasia in acetabul were compared with those from MRI.Results The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in diagnosing glenoid labral introversion were 82 ％ and 100％ respectively.The coincidence rate of diagnosing glenoid labral introversion and glenoid labral extroversion were both 83％.Adipose hyperplasias in acetabul were clearly seen in 31 hips using ultrasound.The thickness of articular capsule in the affected hip and in the healthy hip was (2.8 ± 0.6)mm versus (1.7 ± 0.4) mm,and the difference was obviously significant (P ＜0.01).The ossification center of the femoral head in the 34 infants were classified as the following four types:① which was smaller in the affected side than in the healthy side (22/34);②which was shown in the healthy side (7/34) but not in the affected side;③ which in both sides were not shown (4/34);④ which in both sides were small (1/34).Conclusions Ultrasound is a method of simple,rapid,non-invasive in diagnosing DDH,and it can be used to discover secondary pathological changes in infant with DDH,which provide important reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

ObjectiveTo study the value of quantitive scoring methodby ultrasound in differential diagnosis of thyroid nodule.MethodsTotally 1 360 patients with thyroid carcinoma or nodular goiter were given preoperative ultrasound examination of thyroid. The features of thyroid nodule and their signiifcances in diagnosing thyroid carcinoma were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Surgical pathology was taken as golden standard. Signiifcant feature was scored as 1 point, and insigniifcant feature was scored as 0 point. In two groups, the data were analyzed statistically.ResultsLow echo, obscure boundary, incomplete or no capsule, incomplete or no halo, aspect ratio≥1, internal lfow, posterior acoustic attenuation, no cystic echo, microcalciifcation and background Hashimoto′s thyroiditis showed correlation with malignancy. There were statistically significant difference between thyroid cancer and nodular goiter in thyroid nodules scores (χ2=802.08,P<0.05). Of 768 thyroid nodules with<6 points, 742 were benign and 24 were malignant. Of 60 thyroid nodules≥10 points, 2 were benign and 58 were malignant. Of 314 thyroid nodules with 8-9 points, 60 were benign and 254 were malignant. Of 368 thyroid nodules with 6-7 points, 155 benign and 213 were malignant.ConclusionsQuantitive scoring of thyroid nodule had clinic signiifcance in differential diagnosis. Thyroid nodule with>8 points accounted for the majority of malignancy and should be considered for surgery.

Objective To investigate the expression of hypoxia-inducible 1 alpha(HIF-lα)and glucose transporter 1(Glut1)in human breast cancer and its relationship to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)protein and clinical pathologic factors.Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to measure the expression of HIF-lα.Glut1 and PCNA in human breast fibroadenoma,usual hyperplasia and breast carcinoma.Results HIF-1α expression was not found in breast fibroadenoma and hyperplastic Iesions.In contrast.the positive rate of HIF-1α was found in the ductal carcinoma in situ 55%(DCIS,11/20)and the invasive breast carcinoma 85%(51/60).Glut1 positivity in breast carcinoma was 58.8%(47/80).The totsl positive rate of PCNA in breast carcinoma was 75%(60/80),that in DCIS was 65%(13/20)and that in invasive carcinoma was 78.3%(47/60).There was a positive correlation between HIF-lα and Glut 1 level (r=0.653,P＜0.01),a positive correlation between HIF-1α and PCNA level(r=0.693,P＜0.01);and also a positive correlation between Glutl and PCNA level(t=0.742.P＜0.01).conclusion The overexpression of HIF-lα and its target gene Glut1 played important roles in carcinogenesis and progression of breast carcinoma and closely correlated with cell proliferation of breast carcinoma and may become a new target for treatment of breast carcinoma.

Objective To observe the safety of telbivudine (LdT) application throughout pregnancy in women with chronic hepatitis B (CHB),and to provide evidence-based treatment recommendations for women of childbearing age with chronic hepatitis B.Methods Women with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection who took LdT before pregnancy and in early pregnancy were followed up prospectively for evaluating maternal and newborn adverse events.All newborns received block of HBV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) after birth and were followed up for neonatal disorders and effects of maternal and child block.Results Among the 145 cases of pregnant women,143 were diagnosed as CHB and 2 decompensated cirrhosis.One hundred and five (72.4％) patients had HBV DNA＜500 copy/mL and 125 (86.0％) had positive hepatitis B e antigen.There were total 154 times pregnancies including 17 spontaneous abortions,4 ectopic gestation and 9 pregnancies after abortion.One hundred and one cases finished pregnancy,with 100 full term deliveries,1 preterm delivery and 2 twin pregnancies.One fetal with cleft lip and palate was aborted by induced labor in 24 weeks gestation.One baby was born with right double ears; one had benign lymph node under the left ear; and another one was diagnosed with congenital heart disease.Seven of the pregnant women had creatine kinase increased.Eight developed drug resistance.However,none had disease progression during pregnancy.None of the 63 infants was hepatitis B surface antigen positive over the 6 months of follow-up.The prevention of HBV MTCT was 100％ successful.Conclusion It is safe and effective for women with chronic HBV infection to receive LdT treatment throughout pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the effects of moisture-proof materials and contents on hygroscopicity of Yixinshu Capsules; To improve moisture-proof function of Yixinshu Capsules. Methods The hygroscopicity performance of Yixinshu Capsules was analyzed with the indexes of moisture absorption rate and critical relative humidity (CRH), and effects of soluble starch, maize starch, dextrin, lactose, mannitol, calcium hydrogen phosphate, ethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, hypromellose and low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose on hygroscopicity of Yixinshu Capsules were compared. The effects of optimized excipients and capsule contents after granulation on hygroscopicity of Yixinshu Capsules were tested. Results Lactose, microcrystalline cellulose and mannitol were the most appropriate moisture-proof excipients for Yixinshu Capsules with balanced moisture absorption rate of 18.04%, for which the best proportion of Yixinshu Capsules to excipients was 1 to 0.1 (wt%). The balanced moisture absorption rate of the powders were 14.87%, 14.39%, and 15.38%, respectively, whereas the granules were 10.75%, 10.29%, and 11.13%, respectively. Conclusion The selected excipients can effectively reduce the hygroscopic rate of the Yixinshu Capsules, and its granules can promote the moisture resistance of Yixinshu Capsules.

Objective To explore the value of dual energy CT displaying knee joint torn posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Methods Ten cases with single knee joint torn PCL were scanned by 1.5 TMR and dual energy CT. By the use of postprocessing technique of muhiplanar reformation (MPR) and volume rendering technique (VRT), the CT value,length,thickness of PCL were assessed by paired t test respectively. Results MPR and VRT clearly displayed the PCL. The CT value of the patient sides and normal sides were(60.10±3.21), (72.98±7.35) HU(t=4.33,P=0.006), the length were(4.42±0.56),(4.14±0.49) cm (t=-1.20,P=0.285), the thickness of the attachment site and middle sire were (0.88±0.19), (0.58±0.10), (0.38±0.12) cm and (0.43±0.07), (0.39±0.03), (0.43±0.12) cm (t=-6.89,P=0.001;t=-4.38,P=0.007;t=0.85,P=0.587) respectively. Conclusion Dual energy CT can demonstrate clearly the ligament with three-dimension display,and may provide important information for diagnosis and per-surgical evaluation.

Objective To explore the effects of lipoxin A4 ( LXA4 ) on lipopolysaccharide ( LPS)-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical veins endothelial cells(HUVEC) and the possible mechanism.Methods Neonatal umbilical cords were obtained from normal term pregnant women with cesarean section within 4 hours and then were used to isolate HUVEC for subculture.HUVEC were divided into four groups:control group; LPS group ( 10 μg/ml of LPS); LPS + LXA4 group ( 10 μg/ml of LPS and 100 nmol/L of LXA4); LXA4 group (100 nmol/L of LXA4) All expriments were performed after cells treated for 12 and 24 hours respectively.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of Ⅷ foctor and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ); the mRNA expression of Nrf2, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and reduced form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide quinone oxidoreductase-1(NQO1) were evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR .Results (1)The flavovirens fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm under fluorescence microscope, which confirmed the existence of Ⅷ factor which specifically expressed in endothelial cells, especially in HUVEC.(2)Immunofluorescent results showed that in control group, Nrf2 protein expressed in the cytosol rather than in the nucleus.In LPS group, the expression of Nrf2 protein obviously increased in the nucleus while decreased in the cytosol after 12 hours.However, after LPS treatment for 24 hours, Nrf2 expression reduced in the cytosol and nucleus.In cotreatment with LPS and LXA4 group,the expression of Nrf2 protein was much higher than that in LPS group after 12 hours or 24 hours.Furthermore, Nrf2 protein also mostly expressed in the cytosol in LXA4 group.(3) After stimulation for 12 hours, compared with control group, the gene expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly enhanced in LPS group (0.581 ± 0.019 and 0.081 ±0.009, P ＜ 0.05 ) and in LPS + LXA4group(0.692 ±0.048 and 0.136 ± 0.018, P ＜ 0.05 ), the level of NQO1 mRNA in LPS group and LPS +LXA4 group were 0.381 ± 0.009 ( P ＞ 0.05 ) and 0.574 ± 0.034 ( P ＜ 0.05 ).After treatment for 24 hours,compared with control goup, the gene expressions of Nrf2 and NQO1 were down-regulated in LPS group (0.180±0.017 and 0.472 ±0.064, P＜0.05).But in LPS + LXA4 group the expression of Nrf2 and NQOI were upregulated (0.532 ± 0.051 and 0.830 ± 0.068, P ＜ 0.05, compared with treatment for LPS group).The mRNA expressions of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 were increased in LPS + LXA4 group compared with LPS group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In addition, there was no markedly difference in the expressions of Nrf2, HO1 and NQO1 between control and LXA4 group after 12 hours and 24 hours ( P ＞ 0.05 ) .Conclusion Through activating nuclear translocation of Nrf2 protein from cytoplasm, LXA4 upregulates the Nrf2downstream enzymes, such as NQO1 and HO-1 to protect HUVEC against the oxidative stress induced by LPS.

Objective To analyze the patterns and distribution of lymph node metastasis in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction ( AEG). Methods The pathological data of 393 patients with AEG from 2006 to 2009 were analyzed. The patterns and distribution of lymph node metastasis were analyzed in patients with different Siewert subtypes, depths of tumor invasion, and maximum diameters of the tumor, and the high?risk lymphatic drainage areas were investigated. Between?group comparison was performed by χ2 test. Results The metastatic rate and ratio of abdominal lymph nodes in AEG were 69?? 2%and 31?? 31%, respectively. The incidence rates of lymph node metastasis in the cardia, lesser curvature, left gastric artery, splenic artery, splenic hilum, mesenteric root, and abdominal aorta were the highest. The metastatic rate and ratio of mediastinal lymph nodes were 16?? 4% and 8?? 3%, respectively. The incidence rates of lymph node metastasis in the lower paraesophageal, esophageal hiatus, and superior diaphragmatic areas were the highest. Compared with Siewert type II and type III AEG, Siewert type I AEG had a significantly higher mediastinal lymph node metastatic rate (P= 0?? 003) and a significantly lower abdominal lymph node metastatic ratio (P= 0?? 002).The metastatic ratios of lymph nodes in multiple abdominal regions were higher in patients with stage T3+T4 AEG and a maximum tumor diameter of ≥6 cm than in the control group, while the metastatic ratios of mediastinal lymph nodes in groups with different maximum tumor diameters were similar. The metastatic ratios of lymph nodes in the greater curvature, hepatoduodenal ligament, and inferior diaphragmatic areas were lower than 10% in all groups. Conclusions In radiotherapy for AEG, the abdominal high?risk lymphatic drainage areas involve the cardia, lesser curvature, left gastric artery, splenic artery, splenic hilum, mesenteric root, and abdominal aorta, while the mediastinal high?risk lymphatic drainage areas involve the lower paraesophageal, esophageal hiatus, and superior diaphragmatic areas. In addition, the personalized target volume design should be based on the patterns of lymph node metastasis with different Siewert subtypes and clinical pathological characteristics.