Objective:To study the inhibition of xanthine oxidase by renierol extracted from South China Sea sponge and study the influence of renierol on hyperuricemia in mice.Methods: After extracted from South China Sea sponge,renierol(20,40,60 ?g/ml) was added to a system containing xanthine oxidase(0.1 ?/ml) and xanthine(50 ?mol/ml);allopurinol((1 ?g/ml))was also addded to the system as positive control.The 5 min-fomation of superoxide anions was used to determine the activity of xanthine oxidase(Nitro Blue Btetrazolium reduction).Renierol(20,40,60 ?g/ml) was added to 25℃ pre-heated pyrogallol autoxidation to observe its eliminating effect on free radicals through determining the absorbance rate at 420 nm wavelength.Potassium oxonate,a uricase inhibitor,was used to induce hyperuricemia in mice and the mice were then treated with oral renierol(10,20,30 mg?kg~(-1)) or allopurinol(2 mg/kg) as positive control.The decrease of serum uric acid induced by renierol was determined by automatic biochemical analyzer.Results: Renierol was demonstrated to be a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase in vitro,with its IC_(50) value being 1.36 ?g?ml~(-1).It also decreased uric acid in vivo.Conclusion: Renierol can decrease serum uric acid through inhibiting the xanthine oxidase.

Objective:To study the inhibitory effect of rosmarinic acid on xanthine oxidase.Methods: Xanthine oxidase((0.1 U/ml)) was incubated with xanthine(1 mmol/L for determining formation of uric acid;50 ?mol/L for determining superoxide anions) in the presence of 20,40 and 60 ?g/ml rosmarinic acid or allopurinol as positive control.The formation of uric acid was determined by automatic biochemical analyzer 5 min after reaction and the production of superoxide anions was measured by Nitro Blue Btetrazolium(NBT) reduction.HL-60 cells(1 ml,2?10~(5)/ml) were pretreated with xanthine(100 ?l,6 mol/L) and xanthine oxidase(100 ?l,0.1 U/ml),then rosmarinic acid(500 ?g/ml) or allopurinol(1 ?g/ml,as positive control)(AnnexinⅤ-PI kit) was added to determine the cell apoptosis rate.HL-60 cells(1 ml,2?10~(5)/ml) were also pretreated with xanthine(100 ?l,6 mol/L) and xanthine oxidase(100 ?l,0.1 U/ml),then rosmarinic acid(500 ?g/ml) or SOD(100 U/ml,as positive control)(cell cycle method) was added to determine the cell apoptosis rate.Results: Rosmarinic acid obviously inhibited the production of uric acid and superoxide anion-induced reaction in NBT assay,with their IC_(50)being 56 ?g/ml and 21 ?g/ml,respectively.The rates of apoptosis inhibition by rosmarinic acid were both over 40% by Annexin Ⅴ-PI kit and cell cycle method.Conclusion: Rosmarinic acid is a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of internal carotid artery occlusion in treatment of intractable epistaxis caused by carotid artery siphon traumatic lesions.Methods A total of 37 patients with intractable epistaxis caused by traumatic carotid artery siphon pseudoaneurysm or carotid cavernous fistula were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients underwent embolization from October 1998 to June 2010,including 34 men and 3 women with the age ranged from 25 to 65 years and a average of 40 years.Only lesions were occlued in 12 cases without involving the internal carotid artery,while occlusions of internal carotid artery were performed in the rest 25 cases.Results Thirty-six patients were cured without recurrent hemorrhage after embolization.Only 1 patient with carotid artery occlusion died 48 hours after operation.Conclusion For patients with carotid arterial intractable epistaxis,if the elimanation of the lesions is not applicable and the collateral circulation of Willis ring has a good compensation,the use of detachable balloon or coil occlusion of ipsilateral internal carotid artery is a quick and easy method to save patients' lives.

Objective:To investigate the current status of clinical teaching towards postgraduates of master of nursing specialist(MNS) in China.Methods:Objective sampling was used to invest 390 MNS clinical nursing teachers in 36 hospitals across the country. The survey included the admission and evaluation criteria of teachers, the MNS postgraduates′ clinical teaching plan and implementation, and the assessment of MNS postgraduate ′s clinical practice ability, etc. Results:Among the criteria for clinical teachers for MNS postgraduates, 79.49% of departments required bachelor ′s degree or above, and 67.18% of departments requested medium-grade professional title or above; 47.44% of the departments demanded that clinical teachers had the research experience, 58.21% departments asked for the experience of articles publication. The main method of selecting clinical teaching teachers was examination (50%), while 31.28% departments had no definite criteria. The evaluation indicators of clinical teachers mainly depended on the results of students ′ clinical practice capability assessment (81.79%) and students ′ satisfaction (80%). Only 49.23% of the study objects knew the training objectives of MNS. The pivotal abilities of MNS graduate students were the ability of clinical nursing practice (91.79%) and clinical research (82.82%). The MNS postgraduate teaching plan of each department was mainly derived from the requirements of tutors and colleges (87.69%). The mode of clinical teaching was that one student was guided by a fixed clinical teacher (87.18%). Clinical practice assessment methods of MNS mainly included theoretical knowledge assessment (88.46%) and the performance of section lectures (82.56%). The assessment personnel were mainly clinical teachers (95.40%) and head nurses (83.51%). The self-assessment of clinical teachers was rated at the medium level about their performance on the postgraduate MNS students ′ clinical teaching. Conclusions:The homogenization and standardization of the construction of MNS clinical teaching base needs to be improved in China. In the field of defining the criteria of clinical teaching teachers, strengthening the construction of clinical faculty, perfecting the clinical teaching plan and evaluation system according to the cultivation objectives and specialist characteristics, and elevating the comprehensive medical education combined with clinical education and college education, further exploration is indispensable.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and the development of chronic urticaria.Methods Published case-control studies which concerned HP infection related chronic urticaria were searched in Wanfang,CNKI,CQVIP Chinese databanks and PubMed.Meta-analysis was applied to analyze the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI).Results 37 studies which comprised 2 909 cases of chronic urticaria and 1 873 persons served as controls were enrolled.When compared with the controls,HP infection significantly increased the risk of chronic urticaria development with a pooled OR of 3.20 (95％CI:2.31-4.43).Results from Meta-regression analyses showed that the distribution of residential areas and detection method being used were potential influential factors.Conclusion HP infection seemed to be associated with an increased risk of developing the chronic urticaria.

Objective:This multicenter clinical evaluation analyzed the clinical performance of five fast nucleic acid detection systems for 2019-nCoV.Methods:Clinical performance of the five fast nucleic acid detection reagents approved in China was evaluated in the present study. Fifty-seven throat swabs samples from COVID-19 patients and fifteen throat swabs samples from healthy people were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University school of Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of HUST, and National Institute of Viral Disease Control and Prevention of CDC to evaluate the positive coincidence rate, negative coincidence rate, total coincidence rate, the detection time and retest rate as well as the relation between positive intensity and positive coincidence rate of the five fast nucleic acid detection systems in November 2020.Results:The positive coincidence rates of the five kits were 92.59% (50/54), 83.64% (46/55), 98.25% (56/57), 94.44% (51/54) and 98.18% (54/55); and the negative coincidence rates were 93.33% (14/15), 93.33% (14/15), 86.67% (13/15), 100% (14/14) and 93.33% (14/15); and the total coincidence rates were 92.75% (64/69), 85.71% (60/70), 95.83% (69/72), 94.20% (65/69) and 97.14% (68/70), respectively. The positive coincidence rate of the five kits reached 100% for the strong-positive (90/90) and medium-positive samples (84/84), but only 82.18% (83/101) for weak-positive samples (cycle threshold value>33), and the retest rate of two kits were 15.28% (11/72) and 12.50% (9/72), which were both higher than 10%. Total time from sample extraction to amplification was between 32.33-65.33 minutes for these five kits.Conclusion:The five fast nucleic acid detection reagents have good performance and can be used as a supplement to routine nucleic acid detection reagents.

Cell cycle plays a crucial role in cell development. Cell cycle progression is mainly regulated by cyclin dependent kinase (CDK), cyclin and endogenous CDK inhibitor (CKI). Among these, CDK is the main cell cycle regulator, binding to cyclin to form the cyclin-CDK complex, which phosphorylates hundreds of substrates and regulates interphase and mitotic progression. Abnormal activity of various cell cycle proteins can cause uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells, which leads to cancer development. Therefore, understanding the changes in CDK activity, cyclin-CDK assembly and the role of CDK inhibitors will help to understand the underlying regulatory processes in cell cycle progression, as well as provide a basis for the treatment of cancer and disease and the development of CDK inhibitor-based therapeutic agents. This review focuses on the key events of CDK activation or inactivation, and summarizes the regulatory processes of cyclin-CDK at specific times and locations, as well as the progress of research on relevant CDK inhibitor therapeutics in cancer and disease. The review concludes with a brief description of the current challenges of the cell cycle process, with the aim to provide scientific references and new ideas for further research on cell cycle process.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism* ; Cyclins/metabolism* ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism* ; Cell Cycle/physiology* ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) refers to non-coding RNA longer than 200 nt, with one or more short open reading frames (sORF), which encode functional micro-peptides. These functional micro-peptides often play key roles in various biological processes, such as Ca²⁺ transport, mitochondrial metabolism, myocyte fusion, cellular senescence and others. At the same time, these biological processes play a key role in the regulation of body homeostasis, diseases and cancers development and progression, embryonic development and other important physiological processes. Therefore, studying the potential regulatory mechanisms of micro-peptides encoded by lncRNA in organisms will help to further elucidate the potential regulatory processes in organisms. Furthermore, it will provide a new theoretical basis for the subsequent targeted treatment of diseases and improvement of animal growth performance. This review summarizes the latest research progress in the field of lncRNA-encoded micro-peptides, as well as the progress in the fields of muscle physiological regulation, inflammation and immunity, common human cancers, and embryonic development. Finally, the challenges of lncRNA-encoded micro-peptides are briefly described, with the aim to facilitate subsequent in-depth research on micro-peptides.
Animals ; Humans ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Open Reading Frames ; Peptides/chemistry* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics*